Ensure node overlays appear above fullscreen map (#333 )

* Increase overlay z-index to surface node info * Ensure short info overlays attach to fullscreen host * Ensure info overlay participates in fullscreen mode
Adjust node table columns responsively (#332 )
2026-05-07 05:44:50 +02:00 · 2025-10-14 15:52:26 +02:00 · 2025-10-14 14:59:47 +02:00 · 2025-10-14 14:51:28 +02:00 · 2025-10-13 23:10:01 +02:00 · 2025-10-13 22:35:06 +02:00
97 changed files with 22203 additions and 4549 deletions
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 # Generate a secure token: openssl rand -hex 32
 API_TOKEN=your-secure-api-token-here

-# Meshtastic device path (required for ingestor)
-# Common paths:
+# Meshtastic connection target (required for ingestor)
+# Common serial paths:
 # - Linux: /dev/ttyACM0, /dev/ttyUSB0
 # - macOS: /dev/cu.usbserial-*
 # - Windows (WSL): /dev/ttyS*
-MESH_SERIAL=/dev/ttyACM0
+# You may also provide an IP:PORT pair (e.g. 192.168.1.20:4403) or a
+# Bluetooth address (e.g. ED:4D:9E:95:CF:60).
+CONNECTION=/dev/ttyACM0

 # =============================================================================
 # SITE CUSTOMIZATION
@@ -24,29 +26,28 @@ MESH_SERIAL=/dev/ttyACM0
 SITE_NAME=My Meshtastic Network

 # Default Meshtastic channel
-DEFAULT_CHANNEL=#MediumFast
+CHANNEL=#LongFast

 # Default frequency for your region
 # Common frequencies: 868MHz (Europe), 915MHz (US), 433MHz (Worldwide)
-DEFAULT_FREQUENCY=868MHz
+FREQUENCY=915MHz

 # Map center coordinates (latitude, longitude)
 # Berlin, Germany: 52.502889, 13.404194
 # Denver, Colorado: 39.7392, -104.9903
 # London, UK: 51.5074, -0.1278
-MAP_CENTER_LAT=52.502889
-MAP_CENTER_LON=13.404194
+MAP_CENTER="38.761944,-27.090833"

 # Maximum distance to show nodes (kilometers)
-MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM=50
+MAX_DISTANCE=42

 # =============================================================================
 # OPTIONAL INTEGRATIONS
 # =============================================================================

-# Matrix chat room for your community (optional)
-# Format: !roomid:matrix.org
-MATRIX_ROOM='#meshtastic-berlin:matrix.org'
+# Community chat link or Matrix room for your community (optional)
+# Matrix aliases (e.g. #meshtastic-berlin:matrix.org) will be linked via matrix.to automatically.
+CONTACT_LINK='#potatomesh:dod.ngo'


 # =============================================================================
@@ -56,22 +57,15 @@ MATRIX_ROOM='#meshtastic-berlin:matrix.org'
 # Debug mode (0=off, 1=on)
 DEBUG=0

+# Docker image architecture (linux-amd64, linux-arm64, linux-armv7)
+POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH=linux-amd64
+
 # Docker Compose networking profile
 # Leave unset for Linux hosts (default host networking).
 # Set to "bridge" on Docker Desktop (macOS/Windows) if host networking
 # is unavailable.
 # COMPOSE_PROFILES=bridge

-# Meshtastic snapshot interval (seconds)
-MESH_SNAPSHOT_SECS=60
-
 # Meshtastic channel index (0=primary, 1=secondary, etc.)
-MESH_CHANNEL_INDEX=0
+CHANNEL_INDEX=0

-# Database settings
-DB_BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS=5000
-DB_BUSY_MAX_RETRIES=5
-DB_BUSY_RETRY_DELAY=0.05
-
-# Application settings
-MAX_JSON_BODY_BYTES=1048576
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@

 - **`docker.yml`** - Build and push Docker images to GHCR
 - **`codeql.yml`** - Security scanning
- **`python.yml`** - Python testing
- **`ruby.yml`** - Ruby testing
+- **`python.yml`** - Python ingestor pipeline
+- **`ruby.yml`** - Ruby Sinatra app testing
+- **`javascript.yml`** - Frontend test suite

 ## Usage

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ jobs:
        architecture:
          - { name: linux-amd64, platform: linux/amd64, label: "Linux x86_64" }
          - { name: linux-arm64, platform: linux/arm64, label: "Linux ARM64" }
+          - { name: linux-armv7, platform: linux/arm/v7, label: "Linux ARMv7" }

    steps:
    - name: Checkout repository
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
        docker run --rm --name ingestor-test \
          -e POTATOMESH_INSTANCE=http://localhost:41447 \
          -e API_TOKEN=test-token \
-          -e MESH_SERIAL=mock \
+          -e CONNECTION=mock \
          -e DEBUG=1 \
          ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-ingestor-linux-amd64:${{ steps.version.outputs.version }} &
        sleep 5
@@ -161,11 +162,13 @@ jobs:
        echo "### 🌐 Web Application" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
        echo "- \`${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-web-linux-amd64:latest\` - Linux x86_64" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
        echo "- \`${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-web-linux-arm64:latest\` - Linux ARM64" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+        echo "- \`${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-web-linux-armv7:latest\` - Linux ARMv7" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
        echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-        
+
        # Ingestor images
        echo "### 📡 Ingestor Service" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
        echo "- \`${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-ingestor-linux-amd64:latest\` - Linux x86_64" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
        echo "- \`${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-ingestor-linux-arm64:latest\` - Linux ARM64" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+        echo "- \`${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_PREFIX }}-ingestor-linux-armv7:latest\` - Linux ARMv7" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
        echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-        
+        
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: JavaScript
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  frontend:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: web
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - name: Set up Node.js 22
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      with:
+        node-version: '22'
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: npm ci
+    - name: Run JavaScript tests
+      run: npm test
+    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+      if: always()
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        files: web/reports/javascript-coverage.json
+        flags: frontend
+        name: frontend
+      env:
+        CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+    - name: Upload test results to Codecov
+      uses: codecov/test-results-action@v1
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        files: web/reports/javascript-junit.xml
+        flags: frontend
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ permissions:
  contents: read

 jobs:
-  test:
+  ingestor:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
    - name: Set up Python 3.13
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version: "3.13"
    - name: Install dependencies
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ permissions:
  contents: read

 jobs:
-  test:
+  sinatra:
    defaults:
      run:
        working-directory: ./web
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ jobs:
      with:
        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
        files: ./web/tmp/test-results/rspec.xml
-        flags: ruby-${{ matrix.ruby-version }}
+        flags: sinatra-${{ matrix.ruby-version }}
    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
      with:
        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
        fail_ci_if_error: false
-        flags: ruby-${{ matrix.ruby-version }}
+        flags: sinatra-${{ matrix.ruby-version }}
      env:
        CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
    - name: Run rufo
@@ -66,3 +66,6 @@ reports/
 # AI planning and documentation
 ai_docs/
 *.log
+
+# Generated credentials for the instance
+web/.config
@@ -1,8 +1,86 @@
 # CHANGELOG

+## Unreleased
+
+* Preserve legacy configuration assets when migrating to XDG directories.
+
+## v0.5.0
+
+* Add JavaScript configuration tests and coverage workflow
+
+## v0.4.0
+
+* Reformat neighbor overlay layout by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/237>
+* Add legend toggle for neighbor lines by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/236>
+* Hide Air Util Tx column on mobile by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/235>
+* Add overlay for clickable neighbor links on map by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/234>
+* Hide humidity and pressure columns on mobile by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/232>
+* Remove last position timestamp from map info overlay by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/233>
+* Improve live node positions and expose precision metadata by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/231>
+* Show neighbor short names in info overlays by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/228>
+* Add telemetry environment metrics to node UI by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/227>
+* Reduce neighbor line opacity by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/226>
+* Visualize neighbor connections on map canvas by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/224>
+* Add clear control to filter input by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/225>
+* Handle Bluetooth shutdown hangs gracefully by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/221>
+* Adjust mesh priorities and receive topics by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/220>
+* Add BLE and fallback mesh interface handling by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/219>
+* Add neighbor info ingestion and API endpoints by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/218>
+* Add debug logs for unknown node creation and last-heard updates by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/214>
+* Update node last seen when events are received by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/212>
+* Improve debug logging for node and telemetry data by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/213>
+* Normalize stored message debug output by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/211>
+* Stop repeating ingestor node info snapshot and timestamp debug logs by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/210>
+* Add telemetry API and ingestion support by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/205>
+* Add private mode to hide chat and message APIs by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/204>
+* Handle offline-ready map fallback by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/202>
+* Add linux/armv7 container builds and configuration options by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/201>
+* Update Docker documentation by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/200>
+* Update node last seen when ingesting encrypted messages by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/198>
+* Fix api in readme by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/197>
+
 ## v0.3.0

-* Add comprehensive Docker support with multi-architecture builds and automated CI/CD by @trose in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/122>
+* Add connection recovery for TCP interface by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/186>
+* Bump version to 0.3 by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/191>
+* Pgrade styles and fix interface issues by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/190>
+* Some updates in the front by @dkorotkih2014-hub  in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/188>
+* Update last heard on node entry change by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/185>
+* Populate chat metadata for unknown nodes by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/182>
+* Update role color theme to latest palette by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/183>
+* Add placeholder nodes for unknown senders by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/181>
+* Update role colors and ordering for firmware 2.7.10 by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/180>
+* Handle plain IP addresses in mesh TCP detection by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/154>
+* Handle encrypted messages by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/173>
+* Add fallback display names for unnamed nodes by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/171>
+* Ensure routers render above other node types by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/169>
+* Move lint checks after tests in CI by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/168>
+* Handle proto values in nodeinfo payloads by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/167>
+* Remove raw payload storage from database schema by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/166>
+* Add POSITION_APP ingestion and API support by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/160>
+* Add support for NODEINFO_APP packets by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/159>
+* Derive SEO metadata from existing config values by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/153>
+* Tests: create helper script to dump all mesh data from serial by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/152>
+* Limit chat log to recent entries by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/151>
+* Require time library before formatting ISO timestamps by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/149>
+* Define docker compose network by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/148>
+* Fix sqlite3 native extension on Alpine by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/146>
+* Fix web app startup binding by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/147>
+* Ensure sqlite3 builds from source on Alpine by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/145>
+* Support mock serial interface in CI by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/143>
+* Fix Docker workflow matrix for supported platforms by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/142>
+* Add clickable role filters to the map legend by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/140>
+* Rebuild chat log on each refresh by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/139>
+* Fix: retain alpine runtime libs after removing build deps by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/138>
+* Fix: support windows ingestor build by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/136>
+* Fix: use supported ruby image by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/135>
+* Feat: Add comprehensive Docker support by @trose in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/122>
+* Chore: bump version to 0.2.1 by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/134>
+* Fix dark mode tile styling on new map tiles by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/132>
+* Switch map tiles to OSM HOT and add theme filters by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/130>
+* Add footer version display by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/128>
+* Add responsive controls for map legend by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/129>
+* Update changelog by @l5yth in <https://github.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/pull/119>

 ## v0.2.0

@@ -1,103 +1,88 @@
-# PotatoMesh Docker Setup
+# PotatoMesh Docker Guide

-## Quick Start
+PotatoMesh publishes ready-to-run container images to the GitHub Packages container
+registry (GHCR). You do not need to clone the repository to deploy them—Compose
+will pull the latest release images for you.

-```bash
-./configure.sh
-docker-compose up -d
-docker-compose logs -f
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Docker Engine 24+ or Docker Desktop with the Compose plugin
+- Access to `/dev/ttyACM*` (or equivalent) if you plan to attach a Meshtastic
+  device to the ingestor container
+- An API token that authorises the ingestor to post to your PotatoMesh instance
+
+## Images on GHCR
+
+| Service  | Image                                                             |
+|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Web UI   | `ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh-web-linux-amd64:latest`                |
+| Ingestor | `ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh-ingestor-linux-amd64:latest`           |
+
+Images are published for every tagged release. Replace `latest` with a
+specific version tag if you prefer pinned deployments.
+
+## Configure environment
+
+Create a `.env` file alongside your Compose file and populate the variables you
+need. At a minimum you must set `API_TOKEN` so the ingestor can authenticate
+against the web API.
+
+```env
+API_TOKEN=replace-with-a-strong-token
+SITE_NAME=PotatoMesh Demo
+CONNECTION=/dev/ttyACM0
 ```

-The default configuration attaches both services to the host network.  This
-avoids creating Docker bridge interfaces on platforms where that operation is
-blocked.  Access the dashboard at `http://127.0.0.1:41447` as soon as the
-containers are running.  On Docker Desktop (macOS/Windows) or when you prefer
-traditional bridged networking, start Compose with the `bridge` profile:
+Additional environment variables are optional:
+
+- `CHANNEL`, `FREQUENCY`, `MAP_CENTER`, `MAX_DISTANCE`, and `CONTACT_LINK`
+  customise the UI.
+- `POTATOMESH_INSTANCE` (defaults to `http://web:41447`) lets the ingestor post
+  to a remote PotatoMesh instance if you do not run both services together.
+- `CONNECTION` overrides the default serial device or network endpoint used by
+  the ingestor.
+- `CHANNEL_INDEX` selects the LoRa channel when using serial or Bluetooth
+  connections.
+- `DEBUG` enables verbose logging across the stack.
+
+## Docker Compose file
+
+Use the `docker-compose.yml` file provided in the repository (or download the
+[raw file from GitHub](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/l5yth/potato-mesh/main/docker-compose.yml)).
+It already references the published GHCR images, defines persistent volumes for
+data and logs, and includes optional bridge-profile services for environments
+that require classic port mapping. Place this file in the same directory as
+your `.env` file so Compose can pick up both.
+
+## Start the stack
+
+From the directory containing the Compose file:

 ```bash
-COMPOSE_PROFILES=bridge docker-compose up -d
+docker compose up -d
 ```

-Access at `http://localhost:41447`
-
-## Configuration
-
-Edit `.env` file or run `./configure.sh` to set:
-
- `API_TOKEN` - Required for ingestor authentication
- `MESH_SERIAL` - Your Meshtastic device path (e.g., `/dev/ttyACM0`)
- `SITE_NAME` - Your mesh network name
- `MAP_CENTER_LAT/LON` - Map center coordinates
-
-## Device Setup
-
-**Find your device:**
+Docker automatically pulls the GHCR images when they are not present locally.
+The dashboard becomes available at `http://127.0.0.1:41447`. Use the bridge
+profile when you need to map the port explicitly:

 ```bash
-# Linux
-ls /dev/ttyACM* /dev/ttyUSB*
-
-# macOS
-ls /dev/cu.usbserial-*
-
-# Windows
-ls /dev/ttyS*
+COMPOSE_PROFILES=bridge docker compose up -d
 ```

-**Set permissions (Linux/macOS):**
+## Updating

 ```bash
-sudo chmod 666 /dev/ttyACM0
-# Or add user to dialout group
-sudo usermod -a -G dialout $USER
-```
-
-## Common Commands
-
-```bash
-# Start services
-docker-compose up -d
-
-# View logs
-docker-compose logs -f
-
-# Stop services
-docker-compose down
-
-# Stop and remove data
-docker-compose down -v
-
-# Update images
-docker-compose pull && docker-compose up -d
+docker compose pull
+docker compose up -d
 ```

 ## Troubleshooting

-**Device access issues:**
+- **Serial device permissions (Linux/macOS):** grant access with `sudo chmod 666
+  /dev/ttyACM0` or add your user to the `dialout` group.
+- **Port already in use:** identify the conflicting service with `sudo lsof -i
+  :41447`.
+- **Viewing logs:** `docker compose logs -f` tails output from both services.

-```bash
-# Check device exists and permissions
-ls -la /dev/ttyACM0
-
-# Fix permissions
-sudo chmod 666 /dev/ttyACM0
-```
-
-**Port conflicts:**
-
-```bash
-# Find what's using port 41447
-sudo lsof -i :41447
-```
-
-**Container issues:**
-
-```bash
-# Check logs
-docker-compose logs
-
-# Restart services
-docker-compose restart
-```
-
-For more Docker help, see [Docker Compose documentation](https://docs.docker.com/compose/).
+For general Docker support, consult the [Docker Compose documentation](https://docs.docker.com/compose/).
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# NOTE: This Dockerfile is kept for backward compatibility. The canonical build
+# instructions live in `web/Dockerfile`; keep the two files in sync.
+
+# Main application builder stage
+FROM ruby:3.3-alpine AS builder
+
+# Ensure native extensions are built against musl libc rather than
+# using glibc precompiled binaries (which fail on Alpine).
+ENV BUNDLE_FORCE_RUBY_PLATFORM=true
+
+# Install build dependencies and SQLite3
+RUN apk add --no-cache \
+    build-base \
+    sqlite-dev \
+    linux-headers \
+    pkgconfig
+
+# Set working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy Gemfile and install dependencies
+COPY web/Gemfile web/Gemfile.lock* ./
+
+# Install gems with SQLite3 support
+RUN bundle config set --local force_ruby_platform true && \
+    bundle config set --local without 'development test' && \
+    bundle install --jobs=4 --retry=3
+
+# Production stage
+FROM ruby:3.3-alpine AS production
+
+# Install runtime dependencies
+RUN apk add --no-cache \
+    sqlite \
+    tzdata \
+    curl
+
+# Create non-root user
+RUN addgroup -g 1000 -S potatomesh && \
+    adduser -u 1000 -S potatomesh -G potatomesh
+
+# Set working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy installed gems from builder stage
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bundle /usr/local/bundle
+
+# Copy application code (exclude Dockerfile from web directory)
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/app.rb web/app.sh web/Gemfile web/Gemfile.lock* web/spec/ ./
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/public ./public
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/views/ ./views/
+
+# Copy SQL schema files from data directory
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh data/*.sql /data/
+
+# Create data directory for SQLite database
+RUN mkdir -p /app/data /app/.local/share/potato-mesh && \
+    chown -R potatomesh:potatomesh /app/data /app/.local
+
+# Switch to non-root user
+USER potatomesh
+
+# Expose port
+EXPOSE 41447
+
+# Default environment variables (can be overridden by host)
+ENV APP_ENV=production \
+    RACK_ENV=production \
+    SITE_NAME="PotatoMesh Demo" \
+    CHANNEL="#LongFast" \
+    FREQUENCY="915MHz" \
+    MAP_CENTER="38.761944,-27.090833" \
+    MAX_DISTANCE=42 \
+    CONTACT_LINK="#potatomesh:dod.ngo" \
+    DEBUG=0
+
+# Start the application
+CMD ["ruby", "app.rb", "-p", "41447", "-o", "0.0.0.0"]
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@

 A simple Meshtastic-powered node dashboard for your local community. _No MQTT clutter, just local LoRa aether._

-* Web app with chat window and map view showing nodes and messages.
+* Web app with chat window and map view showing nodes, neighbors, telemetry, and messages.
 * API to POST (authenticated) and to GET nodes and messages.
 * Supplemental Python ingestor to feed the POST APIs of the Web app with data remotely.
 * Shows new node notifications (first seen) in chat.
@@ -16,25 +16,7 @@ A simple Meshtastic-powered node dashboard for your local community. _No MQTT cl

 Live demo for Berlin #MediumFast: [potatomesh.net](https://potatomesh.net)

-![screenshot of the third version](./scrot-0.3.png)
-
-## Quick Start with Docker
-
-```bash
-./configure.sh          # Configure your setup
-docker-compose up -d     # Start services
-docker-compose logs -f   # View logs
-```
-
-PotatoMesh uses host networking by default so it can run on restricted
-systems where Docker cannot create bridged interfaces. The web UI listens on
-`http://127.0.0.1:41447` immediately without explicit port mappings. If you
-are using Docker Desktop (macOS/Windows) or otherwise require bridged
-networking, enable the Compose profile with:
-
-```bash
-COMPOSE_PROFILES=bridge docker-compose up -d
-```
+![screenshot of the fourth version](./scrot-0.4.png)

 ## Web App

@@ -64,14 +46,50 @@ Puma starting in single mode...
 Check [127.0.0.1:41447](http://127.0.0.1:41447/) for the development preview
 of the node map. Set `API_TOKEN` required for authorizations on the API's POST endpoints.

+### Production
+
+When promoting the app to production, run the server with the minimum required
+configuration to ensure secure access and proper routing:
+
+```bash
+RACK_ENV="production" \
+APP_ENV="production" \
+API_TOKEN="SuperSecureTokenReally" \
+INSTANCE_DOMAIN="https://potatomesh.net" \
+exec ruby app.rb -p 41447 -o 0.0.0.0
+```
+
+* `RACK_ENV` and `APP_ENV` must be set to `production` to enable optimized
+  settings suited for live deployments.
+* Bind the server to a production port and all interfaces (`-p 41447 -o 0.0.0.0`)
+  so that clients can reach the dashboard over the network.
+* Provide a strong `API_TOKEN` value to authorize POST requests against the API.
+* Configure `INSTANCE_DOMAIN` with the public URL of your deployment so vanity
+  links and generated metadata resolve correctly.
+
+### Configuration storage
+
+PotatoMesh stores its runtime assets using the XDG base directory specification.
+During startup the web application migrates existing configuration from
+`web/.config` and `web/config` into the resolved `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` directory.
+This preserves previously generated instance key material and
+`/.well-known/potato-mesh` documents so upgrades do not create new credentials
+unnecessarily. When XDG directories are not provided the application falls back
+to the repository root.
+
+The migrated key is written to `<XDG_CONFIG_HOME>/potato-mesh/keyfile` and the
+well-known document is staged in
+`<XDG_CONFIG_HOME>/potato-mesh/well-known/potato-mesh`.
+
 The web app can be configured with environment variables (defaults shown):

-* `SITE_NAME` - title and header shown in the ui (default: "Meshtastic Berlin")
-* `DEFAULT_CHANNEL` - default channel shown in the ui (default: "#MediumFast")
-* `DEFAULT_FREQUENCY` - default channel shown in the ui (default: "868MHz")
-* `MAP_CENTER_LAT` / `MAP_CENTER_LON` - default map center coordinates (default: `52.502889` / `13.404194`)
-* `MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM` - hide nodes farther than this distance from the center (default: `137`)
-* `MATRIX_ROOM` - matrix room id for a footer link (default: `#meshtastic-berlin:matrix.org`)
+* `SITE_NAME` - title and header shown in the UI (default: "PotatoMesh Demo")
+* `CHANNEL` - default channel shown in the UI (default: "#LongFast")
+* `FREQUENCY` - default frequency shown in the UI (default: "915MHz")
+* `MAP_CENTER` - default map center coordinates (default: `38.761944,-27.090833`)
+* `MAX_DISTANCE` - hide nodes farther than this distance from the center (default: `42`)
+* `CONTACT_LINK` - chat link or Matrix alias for footer and overlay (default: `#potatomesh:dod.ngo`)
+* `PRIVATE` - set to `1` to hide the chat UI, disable message APIs, and exclude hidden clients (default: unset)

 The application derives SEO-friendly document titles, descriptions, and social
 preview tags from these existing configuration values and reuses the bundled
@@ -80,7 +98,7 @@ logo for Open Graph and Twitter cards.
 Example:

 ```bash
-SITE_NAME="Meshtastic Berlin" MAP_CENTER_LAT=52.502889 MAP_CENTER_LON=13.404194 MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM=137 MATRIX_ROOM="#meshtastic-berlin:matrix.org" ./app.sh
+SITE_NAME="PotatoMesh Demo" MAP_CENTER=38.761944,-27.090833 MAX_DISTANCE=42 CONTACT_LINK="#potatomesh:dod.ngo" ./app.sh
 ```

 ### API
@@ -89,10 +107,15 @@ The web app contains an API:

 * GET `/api/nodes?limit=100` - returns the latest 100 nodes reported to the app
 * GET `/api/positions?limit=100` - returns the latest 100 position data
-* GET `/api/messages?limit=100` - returns the latest 100 messages
+* GET `/api/messages?limit=100` - returns the latest 100 messages (disabled when `PRIVATE=1`)
+* GET `/api/telemetry?limit=100` - returns the latest 100 telemetry data
+* GET `/api/neighbors?limit=100` - returns the latest 100 neighbor tuples
+* GET `/metrics`- prometheus endpoint
 * POST `/api/nodes` - upserts nodes provided as JSON object mapping node ids to node data (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`)
-* POST `/api/messages` - appends positions provided as a JSON object or array (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`)
-* POST `/api/messages` - appends messages provided as a JSON object or array (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`)
+* POST `/api/positions` - appends positions provided as a JSON object or array (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`)
+* POST `/api/messages` - appends messages provided as a JSON object or array (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`; disabled when `PRIVATE=1`)
+* POST `/api/telemetry` - appends telemetry provided as a JSON object or array (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`)
+* POST `/api/neighbors` - appends neighbor tuples provided as a JSON object or array (requires `Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>`)

 The `API_TOKEN` environment variable must be set to a non-empty value and match the token supplied in the `Authorization` header for `POST` requests.

@@ -106,7 +129,7 @@ by ID and there will be no duplication.

 For convenience, the directory `./data` contains a Python ingestor. It connects to a
 Meshtastic node via serial port or to a remote device that exposes the Meshtastic TCP
-interface to gather nodes and messages seen by the node.
+or Bluetooth (BLE) interfaces to gather nodes and messages seen by the node.

 ```bash
 pacman -S python
@@ -122,25 +145,42 @@ to the configured potato-mesh instance.
 Check out `mesh.sh` ingestor script in the `./data` directory.

 ```bash
-POTATOMESH_INSTANCE=http://127.0.0.1:41447 API_TOKEN=1eb140fd-cab4-40be-b862-41c607762246 MESH_SERIAL=/dev/ttyACM0 DEBUG=1 ./mesh.sh
-Mesh daemon: nodes+messages → http://127.0.0.1 | port=41447 | channel=0
+POTATOMESH_INSTANCE=http://127.0.0.1:41447 API_TOKEN=1eb140fd-cab4-40be-b862-41c607762246 CONNECTION=/dev/ttyACM0 DEBUG=1 ./mesh.sh
+[2025-02-20T12:34:56.789012Z] [potato-mesh] [info] channel=0 context=daemon.main port='41447' target='http://127.0.0.1' Mesh daemon starting
 [...]
-[debug] upserted node !849b7154 shortName='7154'
-[debug] upserted node !ba653ae8 shortName='3ae8'
-[debug] upserted node !16ced364 shortName='Pat'
-[debug] stored message from '!9ee71c38' to '^all' ch=0 text='Guten Morgen!'
+[2025-02-20T12:34:57.012345Z] [potato-mesh] [debug] context=handlers.upsert_node node_id=!849b7154 short_name='7154' long_name='7154' Queued node upsert payload
+[2025-02-20T12:34:57.456789Z] [potato-mesh] [debug] context=handlers.upsert_node node_id=!ba653ae8 short_name='3ae8' long_name='3ae8' Queued node upsert payload
+[2025-02-20T12:34:58.001122Z] [potato-mesh] [debug] context=handlers.store_packet_dict channel=0 from_id='!9ee71c38' payload='Guten Morgen!' to_id='^all' Queued message payload
 ```

 Run the script with `POTATOMESH_INSTANCE` and `API_TOKEN` to keep updating
 node records and parsing new incoming messages. Enable debug output with `DEBUG=1`,
-specify the serial port with `MESH_SERIAL` (default `/dev/ttyACM0`) or set it to an IP
-address (for example `192.168.1.20:4403`) to use the Meshtastic TCP interface.
+specify the connection target with `CONNECTION` (default `/dev/ttyACM0`) or set it to
+an IP address (for example `192.168.1.20:4403`) to use the Meshtastic TCP
+interface. `CONNECTION` also accepts Bluetooth device addresses (e.g.,
+`ED:4D:9E:95:CF:60`) and the script attempts a BLE connection if available.

 ## Demos

 * <https://potatomesh.net/>
 * <https://vrs.kdd2105.ru/>
+* <https://potatomesh.stratospire.com/>
+* <https://es1tem.uk/>
+
+## Docker
+
+Docker images are published on Github for each release:
+
+```bash
+docker pull ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh/web:latest
+docker pull ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh/ingestor:latest
+```
+
+See the [Docker guide](DOCKER.md) for more details and custome deployment instructions.

 ## License

 Apache v2.0, Contact <COM0@l5y.tech>
+
+Join our community chat to discuss the dashboard or ask for technical support:
+[#potatomesh:dod.ngo](https://matrix.to/#/#potatomesh:dod.ngo)
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.

 # PotatoMesh Configuration Script
 # This script helps you configure your PotatoMesh instance with your local settings
@@ -54,32 +67,37 @@ update_env() {
 }

 # Get current values from .env if they exist
-SITE_NAME=$(grep "^SITE_NAME=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "My Meshtastic Network")
-DEFAULT_CHANNEL=$(grep "^DEFAULT_CHANNEL=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "#MediumFast")
-DEFAULT_FREQUENCY=$(grep "^DEFAULT_FREQUENCY=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "868MHz")
-MAP_CENTER_LAT=$(grep "^MAP_CENTER_LAT=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "52.502889")
-MAP_CENTER_LON=$(grep "^MAP_CENTER_LON=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "13.404194")
-MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM=$(grep "^MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "50")
-MATRIX_ROOM=$(grep "^MATRIX_ROOM=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "")
+SITE_NAME=$(grep "^SITE_NAME=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "PotatoMesh Demo")
+CHANNEL=$(grep "^CHANNEL=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "#LongFast")
+FREQUENCY=$(grep "^FREQUENCY=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "915MHz")
+MAP_CENTER=$(grep "^MAP_CENTER=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "38.761944,-27.090833")
+MAX_DISTANCE=$(grep "^MAX_DISTANCE=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "42")
+CONTACT_LINK=$(grep "^CONTACT_LINK=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "#potatomesh:dod.ngo")
 API_TOKEN=$(grep "^API_TOKEN=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "")
+POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH=$(grep "^POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH=" .env 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2- | tr -d '"' || echo "linux-amd64")

 echo "📍 Location Settings"
 echo "-------------------"
 read_with_default "Site Name (your mesh network name)" "$SITE_NAME" SITE_NAME
-read_with_default "Map Center Latitude" "$MAP_CENTER_LAT" MAP_CENTER_LAT
-read_with_default "Map Center Longitude" "$MAP_CENTER_LON" MAP_CENTER_LON
-read_with_default "Max Node Distance (km)" "$MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM" MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM
+read_with_default "Map Center (lat,lon)" "$MAP_CENTER" MAP_CENTER
+read_with_default "Max Distance (km)" "$MAX_DISTANCE" MAX_DISTANCE

 echo ""
 echo "📡 Meshtastic Settings"
 echo "---------------------"
-read_with_default "Default Channel" "$DEFAULT_CHANNEL" DEFAULT_CHANNEL
-read_with_default "Default Frequency (868MHz, 915MHz, etc.)" "$DEFAULT_FREQUENCY" DEFAULT_FREQUENCY
+read_with_default "Channel" "$CHANNEL" CHANNEL
+read_with_default "Frequency (868MHz, 915MHz, etc.)" "$FREQUENCY" FREQUENCY

 echo ""
 echo "💬 Optional Settings"
 echo "-------------------"
-read_with_default "Matrix Room (optional, e.g., #meshtastic-berlin:matrix.org)" "$MATRIX_ROOM" MATRIX_ROOM
+read_with_default "Chat link or Matrix room (optional)" "$CONTACT_LINK" CONTACT_LINK
+
+echo ""
+echo "🛠 Docker Settings"
+echo "------------------"
+echo "Specify the Docker image architecture for your host (linux-amd64, linux-arm64, linux-armv7)."
+read_with_default "Docker image architecture" "$POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH" POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH

 echo ""
 echo "🔐 Security Settings"
@@ -117,17 +135,26 @@ echo "📝 Updating .env file..."

 # Update .env file
 update_env "SITE_NAME" "\"$SITE_NAME\""
-update_env "DEFAULT_CHANNEL" "\"$DEFAULT_CHANNEL\""
-update_env "DEFAULT_FREQUENCY" "\"$DEFAULT_FREQUENCY\""
-update_env "MAP_CENTER_LAT" "$MAP_CENTER_LAT"
-update_env "MAP_CENTER_LON" "$MAP_CENTER_LON"
-update_env "MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM" "$MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM"
-update_env "MATRIX_ROOM" "\"$MATRIX_ROOM\""
+update_env "CHANNEL" "\"$CHANNEL\""
+update_env "FREQUENCY" "\"$FREQUENCY\""
+update_env "MAP_CENTER" "\"$MAP_CENTER\""
+update_env "MAX_DISTANCE" "$MAX_DISTANCE"
+update_env "CONTACT_LINK" "\"$CONTACT_LINK\""
 update_env "API_TOKEN" "$API_TOKEN"
+update_env "POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH" "$POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH"

-# Add other common settings if they don't exist
-if ! grep -q "^MESH_SERIAL=" .env; then
-    echo "MESH_SERIAL=/dev/ttyACM0" >> .env
+# Migrate legacy connection settings and ensure defaults exist
+if grep -q "^MESH_SERIAL=" .env; then
+    legacy_connection=$(grep "^MESH_SERIAL=" .env | head -n1 | cut -d'=' -f2-)
+    if [ -n "$legacy_connection" ] && ! grep -q "^CONNECTION=" .env; then
+        echo "♻️  Migrating legacy MESH_SERIAL value to CONNECTION"
+        update_env "CONNECTION" "$legacy_connection"
+    fi
+    sed -i.bak '/^MESH_SERIAL=.*/d' .env
+fi
+
+if ! grep -q "^CONNECTION=" .env; then
+    echo "CONNECTION=/dev/ttyACM0" >> .env
 fi

 if ! grep -q "^DEBUG=" .env; then
@@ -142,12 +169,13 @@ echo "✅ Configuration complete!"
 echo ""
 echo "📋 Your settings:"
 echo "   Site Name: $SITE_NAME"
-echo "   Map Center: $MAP_CENTER_LAT, $MAP_CENTER_LON"
-echo "   Max Distance: ${MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM}km"
-echo "   Channel: $DEFAULT_CHANNEL"
-echo "   Frequency: $DEFAULT_FREQUENCY"
-echo "   Matrix Room: ${MATRIX_ROOM:-'Not set'}"
+echo "   Map Center: $MAP_CENTER"
+echo "   Max Distance: ${MAX_DISTANCE}km"
+echo "   Channel: $CHANNEL"
+echo "   Frequency: $FREQUENCY"
+echo "   Chat: ${CONTACT_LINK:-'Not set'}"
 echo "   API Token: ${API_TOKEN:0:8}..."
+echo "   Docker Image Arch: $POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH"
 echo ""
 echo "🚀 You can now start PotatoMesh with:"
 echo "   docker-compose up -d"
@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ RUN addgroup -S potatomesh && \

 USER potatomesh

-ENV MESH_SERIAL=/dev/ttyACM0 \
-    MESH_SNAPSHOT_SECS=60 \
-    MESH_CHANNEL_INDEX=0 \
+ENV CONNECTION=/dev/ttyACM0 \
+    CHANNEL_INDEX=0 \
    DEBUG=0 \
    POTATOMESH_INSTANCE="" \
    API_TOKEN=""
@@ -60,9 +59,8 @@ COPY data/ .

 USER ContainerUser

-ENV MESH_SERIAL=/dev/ttyACM0 \
-    MESH_SNAPSHOT_SECS=60 \
-    MESH_CHANNEL_INDEX=0 \
+ENV CONNECTION=/dev/ttyACM0 \
+    CHANNEL_INDEX=0 \
    DEBUG=0 \
    POTATOMESH_INSTANCE="" \
    API_TOKEN=""
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+-- Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+
+PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS instances (
+  id                TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+  domain            TEXT NOT NULL,
+  pubkey            TEXT NOT NULL,
+  name              TEXT,
+  version           TEXT,
+  channel           TEXT,
+  frequency         TEXT,
+  latitude          REAL,
+  longitude         REAL,
+  last_update_time  INTEGER,
+  is_private        BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  signature         TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_instances_domain ON instances(domain);
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""High-level API for the potato-mesh ingestor."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import signal as signal  # re-exported for compatibility
+import threading as threading  # re-exported for compatibility
+import sys
+import types
+
+from . import channels, config, daemon, handlers, interfaces, queue, serialization
+
+__all__: list[str] = []
+
+
+def _reexport(module) -> None:
+    names = getattr(module, "__all__", [])
+    for name in names:
+        globals()[name] = getattr(module, name)
+    __all__.extend(names)
+
+
+def _export_constants() -> None:
+    globals()["json"] = queue.json
+    globals()["urllib"] = queue.urllib
+    globals()["glob"] = interfaces.glob
+    __all__.extend(["json", "urllib", "glob", "threading", "signal"])
+
+
+for _module in (channels, daemon, handlers, interfaces, queue, serialization):
+    _reexport(_module)
+
+_export_constants()
+
+_CONFIG_ATTRS = {
+    "CONNECTION",
+    "SNAPSHOT_SECS",
+    "CHANNEL_INDEX",
+    "DEBUG",
+    "INSTANCE",
+    "API_TOKEN",
+    "LORA_FREQ",
+    "MODEM_PRESET",
+    "_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS",
+    "_RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS",
+    "_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS",
+    "_debug_log",
+}
+
+# Legacy export maintained for backwards compatibility.
+_CONFIG_ATTRS.add("PORT")
+
+_INTERFACE_ATTRS = {"BLEInterface", "SerialInterface", "TCPInterface"}
+
+_QUEUE_ATTRS = set(queue.__all__)
+_HANDLER_ATTRS = set(handlers.__all__)
+_DAEMON_ATTRS = set(daemon.__all__)
+_SERIALIZATION_ATTRS = set(serialization.__all__)
+_INTERFACE_EXPORTS = set(interfaces.__all__)
+
+__all__.extend(sorted(_CONFIG_ATTRS))
+__all__.extend(sorted(_INTERFACE_ATTRS))
+
+
+class _MeshIngestorModule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Module proxy that forwards config and interface state."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str):  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Resolve attributes by delegating to the underlying submodules."""
+
+        if name in _CONFIG_ATTRS:
+            return getattr(config, name)
+        if name in _INTERFACE_ATTRS:
+            return getattr(interfaces, name)
+        if name in _INTERFACE_EXPORTS:
+            return getattr(interfaces, name)
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value):  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Propagate assignments to the appropriate submodule."""
+
+        if name in _CONFIG_ATTRS:
+            setattr(config, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, value)
+            return
+        if name in _INTERFACE_ATTRS:
+            setattr(interfaces, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, value)
+            return
+        handled = False
+        if name in _INTERFACE_EXPORTS:
+            setattr(interfaces, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, getattr(interfaces, name, value))
+            handled = True
+        if name in _QUEUE_ATTRS:
+            setattr(queue, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, getattr(queue, name, value))
+            handled = True
+        if name in _HANDLER_ATTRS:
+            setattr(handlers, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, getattr(handlers, name, value))
+            handled = True
+        if name in _DAEMON_ATTRS:
+            setattr(daemon, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, getattr(daemon, name, value))
+            handled = True
+        if name in _SERIALIZATION_ATTRS:
+            setattr(serialization, name, value)
+            super().__setattr__(name, getattr(serialization, name, value))
+            handled = True
+        if handled:
+            return
+        super().__setattr__(name, value)
+
+
+sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = _MeshIngestorModule
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Helpers for capturing and exposing mesh channel metadata."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Iterator
+
+from . import config
+
+try:  # pragma: no cover - optional dependency for enum introspection
+    from meshtastic.protobuf import channel_pb2
+except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - exercised in environments without protobufs
+    channel_pb2 = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+_ROLE_PRIMARY = 1
+_ROLE_SECONDARY = 2
+
+if channel_pb2 is not None:  # pragma: no branch - evaluated once at import time
+    try:
+        _ROLE_PRIMARY = int(channel_pb2.Channel.Role.PRIMARY)
+        _ROLE_SECONDARY = int(channel_pb2.Channel.Role.SECONDARY)
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - defensive, version specific
+        _ROLE_PRIMARY = 1
+        _ROLE_SECONDARY = 2
+
+_CHANNEL_MAPPINGS: tuple[tuple[int, str], ...] = ()
+_CHANNEL_LOOKUP: dict[int, str] = {}
+
+
+def _iter_channel_objects(channels_obj: Any) -> Iterator[Any]:
+    """Yield channel descriptors from ``channels_obj``.
+
+    The real Meshtastic API exposes channels via protobuf containers that are
+    list-like. This helper converts the container into a deterministic iterator
+    while avoiding runtime errors if an unexpected type is supplied.
+    """
+
+    if channels_obj is None:
+        return iter(())
+
+    if isinstance(channels_obj, dict):
+        return iter(channels_obj.values())
+
+    if isinstance(channels_obj, Iterable):
+        return iter(list(channels_obj))
+
+    length_fn = getattr(channels_obj, "__len__", None)
+    getitem = getattr(channels_obj, "__getitem__", None)
+    if callable(length_fn) and callable(getitem):
+        try:
+            length = int(length_fn())
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - defensive only
+            length = None
+        if length is not None and length >= 0:
+            snapshot = []
+            for index in range(length):
+                try:
+                    snapshot.append(getitem(index))
+                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - best effort copy
+                    break
+            return iter(snapshot)
+
+    return iter(())
+
+
+def _primary_channel_name() -> str | None:
+    """Return the name to use for the primary channel when available."""
+
+    preset = getattr(config, "MODEM_PRESET", None)
+    if isinstance(preset, str) and preset.strip():
+        return preset
+    env_name = os.environ.get("CHANNEL", "").strip()
+    if env_name:
+        return env_name
+    return None
+
+
+def _normalize_role(role: Any) -> int | None:
+    """Convert a channel role descriptor into an integer value."""
+
+    if isinstance(role, int):
+        return role
+    if isinstance(role, str):
+        value = role.strip().upper()
+        if value == "PRIMARY":
+            return _ROLE_PRIMARY
+        if value == "SECONDARY":
+            return _ROLE_SECONDARY
+        try:
+            return int(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+    name_attr = getattr(role, "name", None)
+    if isinstance(name_attr, str):
+        return _normalize_role(name_attr)
+    value_attr = getattr(role, "value", None)
+    if isinstance(value_attr, int):
+        return value_attr
+    try:
+        return int(role)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+
+
+def _channel_tuple(channel_obj: Any) -> tuple[int, str] | None:
+    """Return ``(index, name)`` for ``channel_obj`` when resolvable."""
+
+    role_value = _normalize_role(getattr(channel_obj, "role", None))
+    if role_value == _ROLE_PRIMARY:
+        channel_index = 0
+        channel_name = _primary_channel_name()
+    elif role_value == _ROLE_SECONDARY:
+        raw_index = getattr(channel_obj, "index", None)
+        try:
+            channel_index = int(raw_index)
+        except Exception:
+            channel_index = None
+        settings = getattr(channel_obj, "settings", None)
+        channel_name = getattr(settings, "name", None) if settings else None
+    else:
+        return None
+
+    if not isinstance(channel_index, int):
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(channel_name, str):
+        channel_name = channel_name.strip()
+    else:
+        channel_name = None
+
+    if not channel_name:
+        return None
+
+    return channel_index, channel_name
+
+
+def capture_from_interface(iface: Any) -> None:
+    """Populate the channel cache by inspecting ``iface`` when possible."""
+
+    global _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS, _CHANNEL_LOOKUP
+
+    if iface is None or _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        wait_for_config = getattr(iface, "waitForConfig", None)
+        if callable(wait_for_config):
+            wait_for_config()
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - hardware dependent safeguard
+        pass
+
+    local_node = getattr(iface, "localNode", None)
+    channels_obj = getattr(local_node, "channels", None) if local_node else None
+
+    channel_entries: list[tuple[int, str]] = []
+    seen_indices: set[int] = set()
+    for candidate in _iter_channel_objects(channels_obj):
+        result = _channel_tuple(candidate)
+        if result is None:
+            continue
+        index, name = result
+        if index in seen_indices:
+            continue
+        channel_entries.append((index, name))
+        seen_indices.add(index)
+
+    if not channel_entries:
+        return
+
+    _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS = tuple(channel_entries)
+    _CHANNEL_LOOKUP = {index: name for index, name in _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS}
+
+    config._debug_log(
+        "Captured channel metadata",
+        context="channels.capture",
+        severity="info",
+        always=True,
+        channels=_CHANNEL_MAPPINGS,
+    )
+
+
+def channel_mappings() -> tuple[tuple[int, str], ...]:
+    """Return the cached ``(index, name)`` channel tuples."""
+
+    return _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS
+
+
+def channel_name(channel_index: int | None) -> str | None:
+    """Return the channel name for ``channel_index`` when known."""
+
+    if channel_index is None:
+        return None
+    return _CHANNEL_LOOKUP.get(int(channel_index))
+
+
+def _reset_channel_cache() -> None:
+    """Clear cached channel data. Intended for use in tests only."""
+
+    global _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS, _CHANNEL_LOOKUP
+    _CHANNEL_MAPPINGS = ()
+    _CHANNEL_LOOKUP = {}
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "capture_from_interface",
+    "channel_mappings",
+    "channel_name",
+    "_reset_channel_cache",
+]
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Configuration helpers for the potato-mesh ingestor."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any
+
+DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_SECS = 60
+"""Default interval, in seconds, between state snapshot uploads."""
+
+DEFAULT_CHANNEL_INDEX = 0
+"""Default LoRa channel index used when none is specified."""
+
+DEFAULT_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS = 5.0
+"""Initial reconnection delay applied after connection loss."""
+
+DEFAULT_RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS = 60.0
+"""Maximum reconnection backoff delay applied by the ingestor."""
+
+DEFAULT_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS = 5.0
+"""Grace period for interface shutdown routines to complete."""
+
+DEFAULT_INACTIVITY_RECONNECT_SECS = float(60 * 60)
+"""Interval before forcing a reconnect when no packets are observed."""
+
+DEFAULT_ENERGY_ONLINE_DURATION_SECS = 300.0
+"""Duration to stay online before entering a low-power sleep cycle."""
+
+DEFAULT_ENERGY_SLEEP_SECS = float(6 * 60 * 60)
+"""Sleep duration used when energy saving mode is active."""
+
+CONNECTION = os.environ.get("CONNECTION") or os.environ.get("MESH_SERIAL")
+"""Optional connection target for the mesh interface.
+
+When unset, platform-specific defaults will be inferred by the interface
+implementations. The legacy :envvar:`MESH_SERIAL` environment variable is still
+accepted for backwards compatibility.
+"""
+
+SNAPSHOT_SECS = DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_SECS
+"""Interval, in seconds, between state snapshot uploads."""
+
+CHANNEL_INDEX = int(os.environ.get("CHANNEL_INDEX", str(DEFAULT_CHANNEL_INDEX)))
+"""Index of the LoRa channel to select when connecting."""
+
+DEBUG = os.environ.get("DEBUG") == "1"
+INSTANCE = os.environ.get("POTATOMESH_INSTANCE", "").rstrip("/")
+API_TOKEN = os.environ.get("API_TOKEN", "")
+ENERGY_SAVING = os.environ.get("ENERGY_SAVING") == "1"
+"""When ``True``, enables the ingestor's energy saving mode."""
+
+LORA_FREQ: int | None = None
+"""Frequency of the local node's configured LoRa region in MHz."""
+
+MODEM_PRESET: str | None = None
+"""CamelCase modem preset name reported by the local node."""
+
+_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS = DEFAULT_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS
+_RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS = DEFAULT_RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS
+_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS = DEFAULT_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS
+_INACTIVITY_RECONNECT_SECS = DEFAULT_INACTIVITY_RECONNECT_SECS
+_ENERGY_ONLINE_DURATION_SECS = DEFAULT_ENERGY_ONLINE_DURATION_SECS
+_ENERGY_SLEEP_SECS = DEFAULT_ENERGY_SLEEP_SECS
+
+# Backwards compatibility shim for legacy imports.
+PORT = CONNECTION
+
+
+def _debug_log(
+    message: str,
+    *,
+    context: str | None = None,
+    severity: str = "debug",
+    always: bool = False,
+    **metadata: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """Print ``message`` with a UTC timestamp when ``DEBUG`` is enabled.
+
+    Parameters:
+        message: Text to display when debug logging is active.
+        context: Optional logical component emitting the message.
+        severity: Log level label to embed in the formatted output.
+        always: When ``True``, bypasses the :data:`DEBUG` guard.
+        **metadata: Additional structured log metadata.
+    """
+
+    normalized_severity = severity.lower()
+
+    if not DEBUG and not always and normalized_severity == "debug":
+        return
+
+    timestamp = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(timespec="milliseconds")
+    timestamp = timestamp.replace("+00:00", "Z")
+    parts = [f"[{timestamp}]", "[potato-mesh]", f"[{normalized_severity}]"]
+    if context:
+        parts.append(f"context={context}")
+    for key, value in sorted(metadata.items()):
+        parts.append(f"{key}={value!r}")
+    parts.append(message)
+    print(" ".join(parts))
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CONNECTION",
+    "SNAPSHOT_SECS",
+    "CHANNEL_INDEX",
+    "DEBUG",
+    "INSTANCE",
+    "API_TOKEN",
+    "ENERGY_SAVING",
+    "LORA_FREQ",
+    "MODEM_PRESET",
+    "_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS",
+    "_RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS",
+    "_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS",
+    "_INACTIVITY_RECONNECT_SECS",
+    "_ENERGY_ONLINE_DURATION_SECS",
+    "_ENERGY_SLEEP_SECS",
+    "_debug_log",
+]
+
+
+class _ConfigModule(ModuleType):
+    """Module proxy that keeps connection aliases synchronised."""
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Propagate CONNECTION/PORT assignments to both attributes."""
+
+        if name in {"CONNECTION", "PORT"}:
+            super().__setattr__("CONNECTION", value)
+            super().__setattr__("PORT", value)
+            return
+        super().__setattr__(name, value)
+
+
+sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = _ConfigModule
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Runtime entry point for the mesh ingestor."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import signal
+import threading
+import time
+
+from pubsub import pub
+
+from . import config, handlers, interfaces
+
+_RECEIVE_TOPICS = (
+    "meshtastic.receive",
+    "meshtastic.receive.text",
+    "meshtastic.receive.position",
+    "meshtastic.receive.user",
+    "meshtastic.receive.POSITION_APP",
+    "meshtastic.receive.NODEINFO_APP",
+    "meshtastic.receive.NEIGHBORINFO_APP",
+    "meshtastic.receive.TEXT_MESSAGE_APP",
+    "meshtastic.receive.TELEMETRY_APP",
+)
+
+
+def _event_wait_allows_default_timeout() -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` when :meth:`threading.Event.wait` accepts ``timeout``.
+
+    The behaviour changed between Python versions; this helper shields the
+    daemon from ``TypeError`` when the default timeout parameter is absent.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        wait_signature = inspect.signature(threading.Event.wait)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):  # pragma: no cover
+        return True
+
+    parameters = list(wait_signature.parameters.values())
+    if len(parameters) <= 1:
+        return True
+
+    timeout_parameter = parameters[1]
+    if timeout_parameter.kind in (
+        inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL,
+        inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD,
+    ):
+        return True
+
+    return timeout_parameter.default is not inspect._empty
+
+
+def _subscribe_receive_topics() -> list[str]:
+    """Subscribe the packet handler to all receive-related pubsub topics."""
+
+    subscribed = []
+    for topic in _RECEIVE_TOPICS:
+        try:
+            pub.subscribe(handlers.on_receive, topic)
+            subscribed.append(topic)
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            config._debug_log(f"failed to subscribe to {topic!r}: {exc}")
+    return subscribed
+
+
+def _node_items_snapshot(
+    nodes_obj, retries: int = 3
+) -> list[tuple[str, object]] | None:
+    """Snapshot ``nodes_obj`` to avoid iteration errors during updates.
+
+    Parameters:
+        nodes_obj: Meshtastic nodes mapping or iterable.
+        retries: Number of attempts when encountering "dictionary changed"
+            runtime errors.
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of ``(node_id, node)`` tuples, ``None`` when retries are
+        exhausted, or an empty list when no nodes exist.
+    """
+
+    if not nodes_obj:
+        return []
+
+    items_callable = getattr(nodes_obj, "items", None)
+    if callable(items_callable):
+        for _ in range(max(1, retries)):
+            try:
+                return list(items_callable())
+            except RuntimeError as err:
+                if "dictionary changed size during iteration" not in str(err):
+                    raise
+                time.sleep(0)
+        return None
+
+    if hasattr(nodes_obj, "__iter__") and hasattr(nodes_obj, "__getitem__"):
+        for _ in range(max(1, retries)):
+            try:
+                keys = list(nodes_obj)
+                return [(key, nodes_obj[key]) for key in keys]
+            except RuntimeError as err:
+                if "dictionary changed size during iteration" not in str(err):
+                    raise
+                time.sleep(0)
+        return None
+
+    return []
+
+
+def _close_interface(iface_obj) -> None:
+    """Close ``iface_obj`` while respecting configured timeouts."""
+
+    if iface_obj is None:
+        return
+
+    def _do_close() -> None:
+        try:
+            iface_obj.close()
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            if config.DEBUG:
+                config._debug_log(
+                    "Error closing mesh interface",
+                    context="daemon.close",
+                    severity="warn",
+                    error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+                    error_message=str(exc),
+                )
+
+    if config._CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS <= 0 or not _event_wait_allows_default_timeout():
+        _do_close()
+        return
+
+    close_thread = threading.Thread(target=_do_close, name="mesh-close", daemon=True)
+    close_thread.start()
+    close_thread.join(config._CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS)
+    if close_thread.is_alive():
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Mesh interface close timed out",
+            context="daemon.close",
+            severity="warn",
+            timeout_seconds=config._CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECS,
+        )
+
+
+def _is_ble_interface(iface_obj) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` when ``iface_obj`` appears to be a BLE interface."""
+
+    if iface_obj is None:
+        return False
+    iface_cls = getattr(iface_obj, "__class__", None)
+    if iface_cls is None:
+        return False
+    module_name = getattr(iface_cls, "__module__", "") or ""
+    return "ble_interface" in module_name
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Run the mesh ingestion daemon until interrupted."""
+
+    subscribed = _subscribe_receive_topics()
+    if subscribed:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Subscribed to receive topics",
+            context="daemon.subscribe",
+            severity="info",
+            topics=subscribed,
+        )
+
+    iface = None
+    resolved_target = None
+    retry_delay = max(0.0, config._RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS)
+
+    stop = threading.Event()
+    initial_snapshot_sent = False
+    energy_session_deadline = None
+    iface_connected_at: float | None = None
+    last_seen_packet_monotonic = handlers.last_packet_monotonic()
+    last_inactivity_reconnect: float | None = None
+    inactivity_reconnect_secs = max(
+        0.0, getattr(config, "_INACTIVITY_RECONNECT_SECS", 0.0)
+    )
+
+    energy_saving_enabled = config.ENERGY_SAVING
+    energy_online_secs = max(0.0, config._ENERGY_ONLINE_DURATION_SECS)
+    energy_sleep_secs = max(0.0, config._ENERGY_SLEEP_SECS)
+
+    def _energy_sleep(reason: str) -> None:
+        if not energy_saving_enabled or energy_sleep_secs <= 0:
+            return
+        if config.DEBUG:
+            config._debug_log(
+                f"energy saving: {reason}; sleeping for {energy_sleep_secs:g}s"
+            )
+        stop.wait(energy_sleep_secs)
+
+    def handle_sigterm(*_args) -> None:
+        stop.set()
+
+    def handle_sigint(signum, frame) -> None:
+        if stop.is_set():
+            signal.default_int_handler(signum, frame)
+            return
+        stop.set()
+
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handle_sigint)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, handle_sigterm)
+
+    target = config.INSTANCE or "(no POTATOMESH_INSTANCE)"
+    configured_port = config.CONNECTION
+    active_candidate = configured_port
+    announced_target = False
+    config._debug_log(
+        "Mesh daemon starting",
+        context="daemon.main",
+        severity="info",
+        target=target,
+        port=configured_port or "auto",
+        channel=config.CHANNEL_INDEX,
+    )
+    try:
+        while not stop.is_set():
+            if iface is None:
+                try:
+                    if active_candidate:
+                        iface, resolved_target = interfaces._create_serial_interface(
+                            active_candidate
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        iface, resolved_target = interfaces._create_default_interface()
+                        active_candidate = resolved_target
+                    interfaces._ensure_radio_metadata(iface)
+                    interfaces._ensure_channel_metadata(iface)
+                    retry_delay = max(0.0, config._RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS)
+                    initial_snapshot_sent = False
+                    if not announced_target and resolved_target:
+                        config._debug_log(
+                            "Using mesh interface",
+                            context="daemon.interface",
+                            severity="info",
+                            target=resolved_target,
+                        )
+                        announced_target = True
+                    if energy_saving_enabled and energy_online_secs > 0:
+                        energy_session_deadline = time.monotonic() + energy_online_secs
+                    else:
+                        energy_session_deadline = None
+                    iface_connected_at = time.monotonic()
+                    # Seed the inactivity tracking from the connection time so a
+                    # reconnect is given a full inactivity window even when the
+                    # handler still reports the previous packet timestamp.
+                    last_seen_packet_monotonic = iface_connected_at
+                    last_inactivity_reconnect = None
+                except interfaces.NoAvailableMeshInterface as exc:
+                    config._debug_log(
+                        "No mesh interface available",
+                        context="daemon.interface",
+                        severity="error",
+                        error_message=str(exc),
+                    )
+                    _close_interface(iface)
+                    raise SystemExit(1) from exc
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    candidate_desc = active_candidate or "auto"
+                    config._debug_log(
+                        "Failed to create mesh interface",
+                        context="daemon.interface",
+                        severity="warn",
+                        candidate=candidate_desc,
+                        error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+                        error_message=str(exc),
+                    )
+                    if configured_port is None:
+                        active_candidate = None
+                        announced_target = False
+                    stop.wait(retry_delay)
+                    if config._RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS > 0:
+                        retry_delay = min(
+                            (
+                                retry_delay * 2
+                                if retry_delay
+                                else config._RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS
+                            ),
+                            config._RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS,
+                        )
+                    continue
+
+            if energy_saving_enabled and iface is not None:
+                if (
+                    energy_session_deadline is not None
+                    and time.monotonic() >= energy_session_deadline
+                ):
+                    config._debug_log(
+                        "Energy saving disconnect",
+                        context="daemon.energy",
+                        severity="info",
+                    )
+                    _close_interface(iface)
+                    iface = None
+                    announced_target = False
+                    initial_snapshot_sent = False
+                    energy_session_deadline = None
+                    _energy_sleep("disconnected after session")
+                    continue
+                if (
+                    _is_ble_interface(iface)
+                    and getattr(iface, "client", object()) is None
+                ):
+                    config._debug_log(
+                        "Energy saving BLE disconnect",
+                        context="daemon.energy",
+                        severity="info",
+                    )
+                    _close_interface(iface)
+                    iface = None
+                    announced_target = False
+                    initial_snapshot_sent = False
+                    energy_session_deadline = None
+                    _energy_sleep("BLE client disconnected")
+                    continue
+
+            if not initial_snapshot_sent:
+                try:
+                    nodes = getattr(iface, "nodes", {}) or {}
+                    node_items = _node_items_snapshot(nodes)
+                    if node_items is None:
+                        config._debug_log(
+                            "Skipping node snapshot due to concurrent modification",
+                            context="daemon.snapshot",
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        processed_snapshot_item = False
+                        for node_id, node in node_items:
+                            processed_snapshot_item = True
+                            try:
+                                handlers.upsert_node(node_id, node)
+                            except Exception as exc:
+                                config._debug_log(
+                                    "Failed to update node snapshot",
+                                    context="daemon.snapshot",
+                                    severity="warn",
+                                    node_id=node_id,
+                                    error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+                                    error_message=str(exc),
+                                )
+                                if config.DEBUG:
+                                    config._debug_log(
+                                        "Snapshot node payload",
+                                        context="daemon.snapshot",
+                                        node=node,
+                                    )
+                        if processed_snapshot_item:
+                            initial_snapshot_sent = True
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    config._debug_log(
+                        "Snapshot refresh failed",
+                        context="daemon.snapshot",
+                        severity="warn",
+                        error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+                        error_message=str(exc),
+                    )
+                    _close_interface(iface)
+                    iface = None
+                    stop.wait(retry_delay)
+                    if config._RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS > 0:
+                        retry_delay = min(
+                            (
+                                retry_delay * 2
+                                if retry_delay
+                                else config._RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS
+                            ),
+                            config._RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY_SECS,
+                        )
+                    continue
+
+            if iface is not None and inactivity_reconnect_secs > 0:
+                now_monotonic = time.monotonic()
+                iface_activity = handlers.last_packet_monotonic()
+                if (
+                    iface_activity is not None
+                    and iface_connected_at is not None
+                    and iface_activity < iface_connected_at
+                ):
+                    iface_activity = iface_connected_at
+                if iface_activity is not None and (
+                    last_seen_packet_monotonic is None
+                    or iface_activity > last_seen_packet_monotonic
+                ):
+                    last_seen_packet_monotonic = iface_activity
+                    last_inactivity_reconnect = None
+
+                latest_activity = iface_activity
+                if latest_activity is None and iface_connected_at is not None:
+                    latest_activity = iface_connected_at
+                if latest_activity is None:
+                    latest_activity = now_monotonic
+
+                inactivity_elapsed = now_monotonic - latest_activity
+
+                connected_attr = getattr(iface, "isConnected", None)
+                believed_disconnected = False
+                if callable(connected_attr):
+                    try:
+                        believed_disconnected = not bool(connected_attr())
+                    except Exception:
+                        believed_disconnected = False
+                elif connected_attr is not None:
+                    believed_disconnected = not bool(connected_attr)
+
+                should_reconnect = believed_disconnected or (
+                    inactivity_elapsed >= inactivity_reconnect_secs
+                )
+
+                if should_reconnect:
+                    if (
+                        last_inactivity_reconnect is None
+                        or now_monotonic - last_inactivity_reconnect
+                        >= inactivity_reconnect_secs
+                    ):
+                        reason = (
+                            "disconnected"
+                            if believed_disconnected
+                            else f"no data for {inactivity_elapsed:.0f}s"
+                        )
+                        config._debug_log(
+                            "Mesh interface inactivity detected",
+                            context="daemon.interface",
+                            severity="warn",
+                            reason=reason,
+                        )
+                        last_inactivity_reconnect = now_monotonic
+                        _close_interface(iface)
+                        iface = None
+                        announced_target = False
+                        initial_snapshot_sent = False
+                        energy_session_deadline = None
+                        iface_connected_at = None
+                        continue
+
+            retry_delay = max(0.0, config._RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY_SECS)
+            stop.wait(config.SNAPSHOT_SECS)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover - interactive only
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Received KeyboardInterrupt; shutting down",
+            context="daemon.main",
+            severity="info",
+        )
+        stop.set()
+    finally:
+        _close_interface(iface)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "_RECEIVE_TOPICS",
+    "_event_wait_allows_default_timeout",
+    "_node_items_snapshot",
+    "_subscribe_receive_topics",
+    "_is_ble_interface",
+    "main",
+]
@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Packet handlers that serialise data and push it to the HTTP queue."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import json
+import time
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+from . import channels, config, queue
+from .serialization import (
+    _canonical_node_id,
+    _coerce_float,
+    _coerce_int,
+    _decode_nodeinfo_payload,
+    _extract_payload_bytes,
+    _first,
+    _get,
+    _iso,
+    _merge_mappings,
+    _node_num_from_id,
+    _node_to_dict,
+    _nodeinfo_metrics_dict,
+    _nodeinfo_position_dict,
+    _nodeinfo_user_dict,
+    _pkt_to_dict,
+    upsert_payload,
+)
+
+
+def _radio_metadata_fields() -> dict[str, object]:
+    """Return the shared radio metadata fields for payload enrichment."""
+
+    metadata: dict[str, object] = {}
+    freq = getattr(config, "LORA_FREQ", None)
+    if freq is not None:
+        metadata["lora_freq"] = freq
+    preset = getattr(config, "MODEM_PRESET", None)
+    if preset is not None:
+        metadata["modem_preset"] = preset
+    return metadata
+
+
+def _apply_radio_metadata(payload: dict) -> dict:
+    """Augment ``payload`` with radio metadata when available."""
+
+    metadata = _radio_metadata_fields()
+    if metadata:
+        payload.update(metadata)
+    return payload
+
+
+def _is_encrypted_flag(value) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` when ``value`` represents an encrypted payload."""
+
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return value != 0
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        normalized = value.strip().lower()
+        if normalized in {"", "0", "false", "no"}:
+            return False
+        return True
+    return bool(value)
+
+
+def _apply_radio_metadata_to_nodes(payload: dict) -> dict:
+    """Attach radio metadata to each node entry stored in ``payload``."""
+
+    metadata = _radio_metadata_fields()
+    if not metadata:
+        return payload
+    for value in payload.values():
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            value.update(metadata)
+    return payload
+
+
+def upsert_node(node_id, node) -> None:
+    """Schedule an upsert for a single node.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node_id: Canonical identifier for the node in the ``!xxxxxxxx`` format.
+        node: Node object or mapping to serialise for the API payload.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. The payload is forwarded to the shared HTTP queue.
+    """
+
+    payload = _apply_radio_metadata_to_nodes(upsert_payload(node_id, node))
+    _queue_post_json("/api/nodes", payload, priority=queue._NODE_POST_PRIORITY)
+
+    if config.DEBUG:
+        user = _get(payload[node_id], "user") or {}
+        short = _get(user, "shortName")
+        long = _get(user, "longName")
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Queued node upsert payload",
+            context="handlers.upsert_node",
+            node_id=node_id,
+            short_name=short,
+            long_name=long,
+        )
+
+
+def store_position_packet(packet: Mapping, decoded: Mapping) -> None:
+    """Persist a decoded position packet.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Raw packet metadata emitted by Meshtastic.
+        decoded: Decoded payload extracted from ``packet['decoded']``.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. The formatted position data is queued for HTTP submission.
+    """
+
+    node_ref = _first(packet, "fromId", "from_id", "from", default=None)
+    if node_ref is None:
+        node_ref = _first(decoded, "num", default=None)
+    node_id = _canonical_node_id(node_ref)
+    if node_id is None:
+        return
+
+    node_num = _coerce_int(_first(decoded, "num", default=None))
+    if node_num is None:
+        node_num = _node_num_from_id(node_id)
+
+    pkt_id = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "id", "packet_id", "packetId", default=None))
+    if pkt_id is None:
+        return
+
+    rx_time = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "rxTime", "rx_time", default=time.time()))
+    if rx_time is None:
+        rx_time = int(time.time())
+
+    to_id = _first(packet, "toId", "to_id", "to", default=None)
+    to_id = to_id if to_id not in {"", None} else None
+
+    position_section = decoded.get("position") if isinstance(decoded, Mapping) else None
+    if not isinstance(position_section, Mapping):
+        position_section = {}
+
+    latitude = _coerce_float(
+        _first(position_section, "latitude", "raw.latitude", default=None)
+    )
+    if latitude is None:
+        lat_i = _coerce_int(
+            _first(
+                position_section,
+                "latitudeI",
+                "latitude_i",
+                "raw.latitude_i",
+                default=None,
+            )
+        )
+        if lat_i is not None:
+            latitude = lat_i / 1e7
+
+    longitude = _coerce_float(
+        _first(position_section, "longitude", "raw.longitude", default=None)
+    )
+    if longitude is None:
+        lon_i = _coerce_int(
+            _first(
+                position_section,
+                "longitudeI",
+                "longitude_i",
+                "raw.longitude_i",
+                default=None,
+            )
+        )
+        if lon_i is not None:
+            longitude = lon_i / 1e7
+
+    altitude = _coerce_float(
+        _first(position_section, "altitude", "raw.altitude", default=None)
+    )
+    position_time = _coerce_int(
+        _first(position_section, "time", "raw.time", default=None)
+    )
+    location_source = _first(
+        position_section,
+        "locationSource",
+        "location_source",
+        "raw.location_source",
+        default=None,
+    )
+    location_source = (
+        str(location_source).strip() if location_source not in {None, ""} else None
+    )
+
+    precision_bits = _coerce_int(
+        _first(
+            position_section,
+            "precisionBits",
+            "precision_bits",
+            "raw.precision_bits",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    sats_in_view = _coerce_int(
+        _first(
+            position_section,
+            "satsInView",
+            "sats_in_view",
+            "raw.sats_in_view",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    pdop = _coerce_float(
+        _first(position_section, "PDOP", "pdop", "raw.PDOP", "raw.pdop", default=None)
+    )
+    ground_speed = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            position_section,
+            "groundSpeed",
+            "ground_speed",
+            "raw.ground_speed",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    ground_track = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            position_section,
+            "groundTrack",
+            "ground_track",
+            "raw.ground_track",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+
+    snr = _coerce_float(_first(packet, "snr", "rx_snr", "rxSnr", default=None))
+    rssi = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "rssi", "rx_rssi", "rxRssi", default=None))
+    hop_limit = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "hopLimit", "hop_limit", default=None))
+    bitfield = _coerce_int(_first(decoded, "bitfield", default=None))
+
+    payload_bytes = _extract_payload_bytes(decoded)
+    payload_b64 = base64_payload(payload_bytes)
+
+    raw_section = decoded.get("raw") if isinstance(decoded, Mapping) else None
+    raw_payload = _node_to_dict(raw_section) if raw_section else None
+    if raw_payload is None and position_section:
+        raw_position = (
+            position_section.get("raw")
+            if isinstance(position_section, Mapping)
+            else None
+        )
+        if raw_position:
+            raw_payload = _node_to_dict(raw_position)
+
+    position_payload = {
+        "id": pkt_id,
+        "node_id": node_id or node_ref,
+        "node_num": node_num,
+        "num": node_num,
+        "from_id": node_id,
+        "to_id": to_id,
+        "rx_time": rx_time,
+        "rx_iso": _iso(rx_time),
+        "latitude": latitude,
+        "longitude": longitude,
+        "altitude": altitude,
+        "position_time": position_time,
+        "location_source": location_source,
+        "precision_bits": precision_bits,
+        "sats_in_view": sats_in_view,
+        "pdop": pdop,
+        "ground_speed": ground_speed,
+        "ground_track": ground_track,
+        "snr": snr,
+        "rssi": rssi,
+        "hop_limit": hop_limit,
+        "bitfield": bitfield,
+        "payload_b64": payload_b64,
+    }
+    if raw_payload:
+        position_payload["raw"] = raw_payload
+
+    _queue_post_json(
+        "/api/positions",
+        _apply_radio_metadata(position_payload),
+        priority=queue._POSITION_POST_PRIORITY,
+    )
+
+    if config.DEBUG:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Queued position payload",
+            context="handlers.store_position",
+            node_id=node_id,
+            latitude=latitude,
+            longitude=longitude,
+            position_time=position_time,
+        )
+
+
+def base64_payload(payload_bytes: bytes | None) -> str | None:
+    """Encode raw payload bytes for JSON transport.
+
+    Parameters:
+        payload_bytes: Optional payload to encode. ``None`` is returned when
+            the payload is empty or missing.
+
+    Returns:
+        The Base64 encoded payload string or ``None`` when no payload exists.
+    """
+
+    if not payload_bytes:
+        return None
+    return base64.b64encode(payload_bytes).decode("ascii")
+
+
+def store_telemetry_packet(packet: Mapping, decoded: Mapping) -> None:
+    """Persist telemetry metrics extracted from a packet.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Packet metadata received from the radio interface.
+        decoded: Meshtastic-decoded view containing telemetry structures.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. The telemetry payload is added to the HTTP queue.
+    """
+
+    telemetry_section = (
+        decoded.get("telemetry") if isinstance(decoded, Mapping) else None
+    )
+    if not isinstance(telemetry_section, Mapping):
+        return
+
+    pkt_id = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "id", "packet_id", "packetId", default=None))
+    if pkt_id is None:
+        return
+
+    raw_from = _first(packet, "fromId", "from_id", "from", default=None)
+    node_id = _canonical_node_id(raw_from)
+    node_num = _coerce_int(_first(decoded, "num", "node_num", default=None))
+    if node_num is None:
+        node_num = _node_num_from_id(node_id or raw_from)
+
+    to_id = _first(packet, "toId", "to_id", "to", default=None)
+
+    raw_rx_time = _first(packet, "rxTime", "rx_time", default=time.time())
+    try:
+        rx_time = int(raw_rx_time)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        rx_time = int(time.time())
+    rx_iso = _iso(rx_time)
+
+    telemetry_time = _coerce_int(_first(telemetry_section, "time", default=None))
+
+    channel = _coerce_int(_first(decoded, "channel", default=None))
+    if channel is None:
+        channel = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "channel", default=None))
+    if channel is None:
+        channel = 0
+
+    portnum = _first(decoded, "portnum", default=None)
+    portnum = str(portnum) if portnum not in {None, ""} else None
+
+    bitfield = _coerce_int(_first(decoded, "bitfield", default=None))
+
+    snr = _coerce_float(_first(packet, "snr", "rx_snr", "rxSnr", default=None))
+    rssi = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "rssi", "rx_rssi", "rxRssi", default=None))
+    hop_limit = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "hopLimit", "hop_limit", default=None))
+
+    payload_bytes = _extract_payload_bytes(decoded)
+    payload_b64 = base64_payload(payload_bytes) or ""
+
+    battery_level = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "batteryLevel",
+            "battery_level",
+            "deviceMetrics.batteryLevel",
+            "environmentMetrics.battery_level",
+            "deviceMetrics.battery_level",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    voltage = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "voltage",
+            "environmentMetrics.voltage",
+            "deviceMetrics.voltage",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    channel_utilization = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "channelUtilization",
+            "channel_utilization",
+            "deviceMetrics.channelUtilization",
+            "deviceMetrics.channel_utilization",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    air_util_tx = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "airUtilTx",
+            "air_util_tx",
+            "deviceMetrics.airUtilTx",
+            "deviceMetrics.air_util_tx",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    uptime_seconds = _coerce_int(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "uptimeSeconds",
+            "uptime_seconds",
+            "deviceMetrics.uptimeSeconds",
+            "deviceMetrics.uptime_seconds",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+
+    temperature = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "temperature",
+            "environmentMetrics.temperature",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    relative_humidity = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "relativeHumidity",
+            "relative_humidity",
+            "environmentMetrics.relativeHumidity",
+            "environmentMetrics.relative_humidity",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+    barometric_pressure = _coerce_float(
+        _first(
+            telemetry_section,
+            "barometricPressure",
+            "barometric_pressure",
+            "environmentMetrics.barometricPressure",
+            "environmentMetrics.barometric_pressure",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+
+    telemetry_payload = {
+        "id": pkt_id,
+        "node_id": node_id,
+        "node_num": node_num,
+        "from_id": node_id or raw_from,
+        "to_id": to_id,
+        "rx_time": rx_time,
+        "rx_iso": rx_iso,
+        "telemetry_time": telemetry_time,
+        "channel": channel,
+        "portnum": portnum,
+        "bitfield": bitfield,
+        "snr": snr,
+        "rssi": rssi,
+        "hop_limit": hop_limit,
+        "payload_b64": payload_b64,
+    }
+
+    if battery_level is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["battery_level"] = battery_level
+    if voltage is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["voltage"] = voltage
+    if channel_utilization is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["channel_utilization"] = channel_utilization
+    if air_util_tx is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["air_util_tx"] = air_util_tx
+    if uptime_seconds is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["uptime_seconds"] = uptime_seconds
+    if temperature is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["temperature"] = temperature
+    if relative_humidity is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["relative_humidity"] = relative_humidity
+    if barometric_pressure is not None:
+        telemetry_payload["barometric_pressure"] = barometric_pressure
+
+    _queue_post_json(
+        "/api/telemetry",
+        _apply_radio_metadata(telemetry_payload),
+        priority=queue._TELEMETRY_POST_PRIORITY,
+    )
+
+    if config.DEBUG:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Queued telemetry payload",
+            context="handlers.store_telemetry",
+            node_id=node_id,
+            battery_level=battery_level,
+            voltage=voltage,
+        )
+
+
+def store_nodeinfo_packet(packet: Mapping, decoded: Mapping) -> None:
+    """Persist node information updates.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Raw packet metadata describing the update.
+        decoded: Decoded payload that may include ``user`` and ``position``
+            sections.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. The node payload is merged into the API queue.
+    """
+
+    payload_bytes = _extract_payload_bytes(decoded)
+    node_info = _decode_nodeinfo_payload(payload_bytes)
+    decoded_user = decoded.get("user")
+    user_dict = _nodeinfo_user_dict(node_info, decoded_user)
+
+    node_info_fields = set()
+    if node_info:
+        node_info_fields = {field_desc.name for field_desc, _ in node_info.ListFields()}
+
+    node_id = None
+    if isinstance(user_dict, Mapping):
+        node_id = _canonical_node_id(user_dict.get("id"))
+
+    if node_id is None:
+        node_id = _canonical_node_id(
+            _first(packet, "fromId", "from_id", "from", default=None)
+        )
+
+    if node_id is None:
+        return
+
+    node_payload: dict = {}
+    if user_dict:
+        node_payload["user"] = user_dict
+
+    node_num = None
+    if node_info and "num" in node_info_fields:
+        try:
+            node_num = int(node_info.num)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            node_num = None
+    if node_num is None:
+        decoded_num = decoded.get("num")
+        if decoded_num is not None:
+            try:
+                node_num = int(decoded_num)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                try:
+                    node_num = int(str(decoded_num).strip(), 0)
+                except Exception:
+                    node_num = None
+    if node_num is None:
+        node_num = _node_num_from_id(node_id)
+    if node_num is not None:
+        node_payload["num"] = node_num
+
+    rx_time = int(_first(packet, "rxTime", "rx_time", default=time.time()))
+    last_heard = None
+    if node_info and "last_heard" in node_info_fields:
+        try:
+            last_heard = int(node_info.last_heard)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            last_heard = None
+    if last_heard is None:
+        decoded_last_heard = decoded.get("lastHeard")
+        if decoded_last_heard is not None:
+            try:
+                last_heard = int(decoded_last_heard)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                last_heard = None
+    if last_heard is None or last_heard < rx_time:
+        last_heard = rx_time
+    node_payload["lastHeard"] = last_heard
+
+    snr = None
+    if node_info and "snr" in node_info_fields:
+        try:
+            snr = float(node_info.snr)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            snr = None
+    if snr is None:
+        snr = _first(packet, "snr", "rx_snr", "rxSnr", default=None)
+        if snr is not None:
+            try:
+                snr = float(snr)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                snr = None
+    if snr is not None:
+        node_payload["snr"] = snr
+
+    hops = None
+    if node_info and "hops_away" in node_info_fields:
+        try:
+            hops = int(node_info.hops_away)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            hops = None
+    if hops is None:
+        hops = decoded.get("hopsAway")
+        if hops is not None:
+            try:
+                hops = int(hops)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                hops = None
+    if hops is not None:
+        node_payload["hopsAway"] = hops
+
+    if node_info and "channel" in node_info_fields:
+        try:
+            node_payload["channel"] = int(node_info.channel)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            pass
+
+    if node_info and "via_mqtt" in node_info_fields:
+        node_payload["viaMqtt"] = bool(node_info.via_mqtt)
+
+    if node_info and "is_favorite" in node_info_fields:
+        node_payload["isFavorite"] = bool(node_info.is_favorite)
+    elif "isFavorite" in decoded:
+        node_payload["isFavorite"] = bool(decoded.get("isFavorite"))
+
+    if node_info and "is_ignored" in node_info_fields:
+        node_payload["isIgnored"] = bool(node_info.is_ignored)
+    if node_info and "is_key_manually_verified" in node_info_fields:
+        node_payload["isKeyManuallyVerified"] = bool(node_info.is_key_manually_verified)
+
+    metrics = _nodeinfo_metrics_dict(node_info)
+    decoded_metrics = decoded.get("deviceMetrics")
+    if isinstance(decoded_metrics, Mapping):
+        metrics = _merge_mappings(metrics, _node_to_dict(decoded_metrics))
+    if metrics:
+        node_payload["deviceMetrics"] = metrics
+
+    position = _nodeinfo_position_dict(node_info)
+    decoded_position = decoded.get("position")
+    if isinstance(decoded_position, Mapping):
+        position = _merge_mappings(position, _node_to_dict(decoded_position))
+    if position:
+        node_payload["position"] = position
+
+    hop_limit = _first(packet, "hopLimit", "hop_limit", default=None)
+    if hop_limit is not None and "hopLimit" not in node_payload:
+        try:
+            node_payload["hopLimit"] = int(hop_limit)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            pass
+
+    _queue_post_json(
+        "/api/nodes",
+        _apply_radio_metadata_to_nodes({node_id: node_payload}),
+        priority=queue._NODE_POST_PRIORITY,
+    )
+
+    if config.DEBUG:
+        short = None
+        long_name = None
+        if isinstance(user_dict, Mapping):
+            short = user_dict.get("shortName")
+            long_name = user_dict.get("longName")
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Queued nodeinfo payload",
+            context="handlers.store_nodeinfo",
+            node_id=node_id,
+            short_name=short,
+            long_name=long_name,
+        )
+
+
+def store_neighborinfo_packet(packet: Mapping, decoded: Mapping) -> None:
+    """Persist neighbour information gathered from a packet.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Raw Meshtastic packet metadata.
+        decoded: Decoded view containing the neighbour information section.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. The neighbour snapshot is queued for submission.
+    """
+
+    neighbor_section = (
+        decoded.get("neighborinfo") if isinstance(decoded, Mapping) else None
+    )
+    if not isinstance(neighbor_section, Mapping):
+        return
+
+    node_ref = _first(
+        neighbor_section,
+        "nodeId",
+        "node_id",
+        default=_first(packet, "fromId", "from_id", "from", default=None),
+    )
+    node_id = _canonical_node_id(node_ref)
+    if node_id is None:
+        return
+
+    node_num = _coerce_int(_first(neighbor_section, "nodeId", "node_id", default=None))
+    if node_num is None:
+        node_num = _node_num_from_id(node_id)
+
+    node_broadcast_interval = _coerce_int(
+        _first(
+            neighbor_section,
+            "nodeBroadcastIntervalSecs",
+            "node_broadcast_interval_secs",
+            default=None,
+        )
+    )
+
+    last_sent_by_ref = _first(
+        neighbor_section,
+        "lastSentById",
+        "last_sent_by_id",
+        default=None,
+    )
+    last_sent_by_id = _canonical_node_id(last_sent_by_ref)
+
+    rx_time = _coerce_int(_first(packet, "rxTime", "rx_time", default=time.time()))
+    if rx_time is None:
+        rx_time = int(time.time())
+
+    neighbors_payload = neighbor_section.get("neighbors")
+    neighbors_iterable = (
+        neighbors_payload if isinstance(neighbors_payload, list) else []
+    )
+
+    neighbor_entries: list[dict] = []
+    for entry in neighbors_iterable:
+        if not isinstance(entry, Mapping):
+            continue
+        neighbor_ref = _first(entry, "nodeId", "node_id", default=None)
+        neighbor_id = _canonical_node_id(neighbor_ref)
+        if neighbor_id is None:
+            continue
+        neighbor_num = _coerce_int(_first(entry, "nodeId", "node_id", default=None))
+        if neighbor_num is None:
+            neighbor_num = _node_num_from_id(neighbor_id)
+        snr = _coerce_float(_first(entry, "snr", default=None))
+        entry_rx_time = _coerce_int(_first(entry, "rxTime", "rx_time", default=None))
+        if entry_rx_time is None:
+            entry_rx_time = rx_time
+        neighbor_entries.append(
+            {
+                "neighbor_id": neighbor_id,
+                "neighbor_num": neighbor_num,
+                "snr": snr,
+                "rx_time": entry_rx_time,
+                "rx_iso": _iso(entry_rx_time),
+            }
+        )
+
+    payload = {
+        "node_id": node_id,
+        "node_num": node_num,
+        "neighbors": neighbor_entries,
+        "rx_time": rx_time,
+        "rx_iso": _iso(rx_time),
+    }
+
+    if node_broadcast_interval is not None:
+        payload["node_broadcast_interval_secs"] = node_broadcast_interval
+    if last_sent_by_id is not None:
+        payload["last_sent_by_id"] = last_sent_by_id
+
+    _queue_post_json(
+        "/api/neighbors",
+        _apply_radio_metadata(payload),
+        priority=queue._NEIGHBOR_POST_PRIORITY,
+    )
+
+    if config.DEBUG:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Queued neighborinfo payload",
+            context="handlers.store_neighborinfo",
+            node_id=node_id,
+            neighbors=len(neighbor_entries),
+        )
+
+
+def store_packet_dict(packet: Mapping) -> None:
+    """Route a decoded packet to the appropriate storage handler.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Packet dictionary emitted by the mesh interface.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. Side-effects depend on the specific handler invoked.
+    """
+
+    decoded = packet.get("decoded") or {}
+
+    portnum_raw = _first(decoded, "portnum", default=None)
+    portnum = str(portnum_raw).upper() if portnum_raw is not None else None
+    portnum_int = _coerce_int(portnum_raw)
+
+    telemetry_section = (
+        decoded.get("telemetry") if isinstance(decoded, Mapping) else None
+    )
+    if (
+        portnum == "TELEMETRY_APP"
+        or portnum_int == 65
+        or isinstance(telemetry_section, Mapping)
+    ):
+        store_telemetry_packet(packet, decoded)
+        return
+
+    if portnum in {"5", "NODEINFO_APP"}:
+        store_nodeinfo_packet(packet, decoded)
+        return
+
+    if portnum in {"4", "POSITION_APP"}:
+        store_position_packet(packet, decoded)
+        return
+
+    neighborinfo_section = (
+        decoded.get("neighborinfo") if isinstance(decoded, Mapping) else None
+    )
+    if portnum == "NEIGHBORINFO_APP" or isinstance(neighborinfo_section, Mapping):
+        store_neighborinfo_packet(packet, decoded)
+        return
+
+    text = _first(decoded, "payload.text", "text", default=None)
+    encrypted = _first(decoded, "payload.encrypted", "encrypted", default=None)
+    if encrypted is None:
+        encrypted = _first(packet, "encrypted", default=None)
+    if not text and not encrypted:
+        return
+
+    if portnum and portnum not in {"1", "TEXT_MESSAGE_APP"}:
+        return
+
+    channel = _first(decoded, "channel", default=None)
+    if channel is None:
+        channel = _first(packet, "channel", default=0)
+    try:
+        channel = int(channel)
+    except Exception:
+        channel = 0
+
+    pkt_id = _first(packet, "id", "packet_id", "packetId", default=None)
+    if pkt_id is None:
+        return
+    rx_time = int(_first(packet, "rxTime", "rx_time", default=time.time()))
+    from_id = _first(packet, "fromId", "from_id", "from", default=None)
+    to_id = _first(packet, "toId", "to_id", "to", default=None)
+
+    if (from_id is None or str(from_id) == "") and config.DEBUG:
+        try:
+            raw = json.dumps(packet, default=str)
+        except Exception:
+            raw = str(packet)
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Packet missing from_id",
+            context="handlers.store_packet_dict",
+            packet=raw,
+        )
+
+    snr = _first(packet, "snr", "rx_snr", "rxSnr", default=None)
+    rssi = _first(packet, "rssi", "rx_rssi", "rxRssi", default=None)
+    hop = _first(packet, "hopLimit", "hop_limit", default=None)
+
+    encrypted_flag = _is_encrypted_flag(encrypted)
+
+    message_payload = {
+        "id": int(pkt_id),
+        "rx_time": rx_time,
+        "rx_iso": _iso(rx_time),
+        "from_id": from_id,
+        "to_id": to_id,
+        "channel": channel,
+        "portnum": str(portnum) if portnum is not None else None,
+        "text": text,
+        "encrypted": encrypted,
+        "snr": float(snr) if snr is not None else None,
+        "rssi": int(rssi) if rssi is not None else None,
+        "hop_limit": int(hop) if hop is not None else None,
+    }
+
+    channel_name_value = None
+    if not encrypted_flag:
+        channel_name_value = channels.channel_name(channel)
+        if channel_name_value:
+            message_payload["channel_name"] = channel_name_value
+    _queue_post_json(
+        "/api/messages",
+        _apply_radio_metadata(message_payload),
+        priority=queue._MESSAGE_POST_PRIORITY,
+    )
+
+    if config.DEBUG:
+        from_label = _canonical_node_id(from_id) or from_id
+        to_label = _canonical_node_id(to_id) or to_id
+        payload_desc = "Encrypted" if text is None and encrypted else text
+        log_kwargs = {
+            "context": "handlers.store_packet_dict",
+            "from_id": from_label,
+            "to_id": to_label,
+            "channel": channel,
+            "channel_display": channel_name_value or channel,
+            "payload": payload_desc,
+        }
+        if channel_name_value:
+            log_kwargs["channel_name"] = channel_name_value
+        config._debug_log("Queued message payload", **log_kwargs)
+
+
+_last_packet_monotonic: float | None = None
+
+
+def last_packet_monotonic() -> float | None:
+    """Return the monotonic timestamp of the most recent packet."""
+
+    return _last_packet_monotonic
+
+
+def _mark_packet_seen() -> None:
+    """Record that a packet has been processed."""
+
+    global _last_packet_monotonic
+    _last_packet_monotonic = time.monotonic()
+
+
+def on_receive(packet, interface) -> None:
+    """Callback registered with Meshtastic to capture incoming packets.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Packet payload supplied by the Meshtastic pubsub topic.
+        interface: Interface instance that produced the packet. Only used for
+            compatibility with Meshtastic's callback signature.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``None``. Packets are serialised and enqueued asynchronously.
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(packet, dict):
+        if packet.get("_potatomesh_seen"):
+            return
+        packet["_potatomesh_seen"] = True
+
+    _mark_packet_seen()
+
+    packet_dict = None
+    try:
+        packet_dict = _pkt_to_dict(packet)
+        store_packet_dict(packet_dict)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        info = (
+            list(packet_dict.keys()) if isinstance(packet_dict, dict) else type(packet)
+        )
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Failed to store packet",
+            context="handlers.on_receive",
+            severity="warn",
+            error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+            error_message=str(exc),
+            packet_info=info,
+        )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "_queue_post_json",
+    "last_packet_monotonic",
+    "on_receive",
+    "store_neighborinfo_packet",
+    "store_nodeinfo_packet",
+    "store_packet_dict",
+    "store_position_packet",
+    "store_telemetry_packet",
+    "upsert_node",
+]
+
+_queue_post_json = queue._queue_post_json
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Mesh interface discovery helpers for interacting with Meshtastic hardware."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import glob
+import ipaddress
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from meshtastic.serial_interface import SerialInterface
+from meshtastic.tcp_interface import TCPInterface
+
+from . import channels, config, serialization
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover - import only used for type checking
+    from meshtastic.ble_interface import BLEInterface as _BLEInterface
+
+BLEInterface = None
+
+
+def _patch_meshtastic_nodeinfo_handler() -> None:
+    """Ensure Meshtastic nodeinfo packets always include an ``id`` field."""
+
+    try:
+        import meshtastic  # type: ignore
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - dependency optional in tests
+        return
+
+    original = getattr(meshtastic, "_onNodeInfoReceive", None)
+    if not callable(original):
+        return
+    if getattr(original, "_potato_mesh_safe_wrapper", False):
+        return
+
+    def _safe_on_node_info_receive(iface, packet):  # type: ignore[override]
+        candidate_mapping: Mapping | None = None
+        if isinstance(packet, Mapping):
+            candidate_mapping = packet
+        elif hasattr(packet, "__dict__") and isinstance(packet.__dict__, Mapping):
+            candidate_mapping = packet.__dict__
+
+        node_id = None
+        if candidate_mapping is not None:
+            node_id = serialization._canonical_node_id(candidate_mapping.get("id"))
+            if node_id is None:
+                user_section = candidate_mapping.get("user")
+                if isinstance(user_section, Mapping):
+                    node_id = serialization._canonical_node_id(user_section.get("id"))
+            if node_id is None:
+                for key in ("fromId", "from_id", "from", "num", "nodeId", "node_id"):
+                    node_id = serialization._canonical_node_id(
+                        candidate_mapping.get(key)
+                    )
+                    if node_id:
+                        break
+
+            if node_id:
+                if not isinstance(candidate_mapping, dict):
+                    try:
+                        candidate_mapping = dict(candidate_mapping)
+                    except Exception:
+                        candidate_mapping = {
+                            k: candidate_mapping[k] for k in candidate_mapping
+                        }
+                if candidate_mapping.get("id") != node_id:
+                    candidate_mapping["id"] = node_id
+                packet = candidate_mapping
+
+        try:
+            return original(iface, packet)
+        except KeyError as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive only
+            if exc.args and exc.args[0] == "id":
+                return None
+            raise
+
+    _safe_on_node_info_receive._potato_mesh_safe_wrapper = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    meshtastic._onNodeInfoReceive = _safe_on_node_info_receive
+
+
+_patch_meshtastic_nodeinfo_handler()
+
+
+def _patch_meshtastic_ble_receive_loop() -> None:
+    """Prevent ``UnboundLocalError`` crashes in Meshtastic's BLE reader."""
+
+    try:
+        from meshtastic import ble_interface as _ble_interface_module  # type: ignore
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - dependency optional in tests
+        return
+
+    ble_class = getattr(_ble_interface_module, "BLEInterface", None)
+    if ble_class is None:
+        return
+
+    original = getattr(ble_class, "_receiveFromRadioImpl", None)
+    if not callable(original):
+        return
+    if getattr(original, "_potato_mesh_safe_wrapper", False):
+        return
+
+    FROMRADIO_UUID = getattr(_ble_interface_module, "FROMRADIO_UUID", None)
+    BleakDBusError = getattr(_ble_interface_module, "BleakDBusError", ())
+    BleakError = getattr(_ble_interface_module, "BleakError", ())
+    logger = getattr(_ble_interface_module, "logger", None)
+    time = getattr(_ble_interface_module, "time", None)
+
+    if not FROMRADIO_UUID or logger is None or time is None:
+        return
+
+    def _safe_receive_from_radio(self):  # type: ignore[override]
+        while self._want_receive:
+            if self.should_read:
+                self.should_read = False
+                retries: int = 0
+                while self._want_receive:
+                    if self.client is None:
+                        logger.debug("BLE client is None, shutting down")
+                        self._want_receive = False
+                        continue
+
+                    payload: bytes = b""
+                    try:
+                        payload = bytes(self.client.read_gatt_char(FROMRADIO_UUID))
+                    except BleakDBusError as exc:
+                        logger.debug("Device disconnected, shutting down %s", exc)
+                        self._want_receive = False
+                        payload = b""
+                    except BleakError as exc:
+                        if "Not connected" in str(exc):
+                            logger.debug("Device disconnected, shutting down %s", exc)
+                            self._want_receive = False
+                            payload = b""
+                        else:
+                            raise ble_class.BLEError("Error reading BLE") from exc
+
+                    if not payload:
+                        if not self._want_receive:
+                            break
+                        if retries < 5:
+                            time.sleep(0.1)
+                            retries += 1
+                            continue
+                        break
+
+                    logger.debug("FROMRADIO read: %s", payload.hex())
+                    self._handleFromRadio(payload)
+            else:
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+
+    _safe_receive_from_radio._potato_mesh_safe_wrapper = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    ble_class._receiveFromRadioImpl = _safe_receive_from_radio
+
+
+_patch_meshtastic_ble_receive_loop()
+
+
+def _has_field(message: Any, field_name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` when ``message`` advertises ``field_name`` via ``HasField``."""
+
+    if message is None:
+        return False
+    has_field = getattr(message, "HasField", None)
+    if callable(has_field):
+        try:
+            return bool(has_field(field_name))
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
+            return False
+    return hasattr(message, field_name)
+
+
+def _enum_name_from_field(message: Any, field_name: str, value: Any) -> str | None:
+    """Return the enum name for ``value`` using ``message`` descriptors."""
+
+    descriptor = getattr(message, "DESCRIPTOR", None)
+    if descriptor is None:
+        return None
+    fields_by_name = getattr(descriptor, "fields_by_name", {})
+    field_desc = fields_by_name.get(field_name)
+    if field_desc is None:
+        return None
+    enum_type = getattr(field_desc, "enum_type", None)
+    if enum_type is None:
+        return None
+    enum_values = getattr(enum_type, "values_by_number", {})
+    enum_value = enum_values.get(value)
+    if enum_value is None:
+        return None
+    return getattr(enum_value, "name", None)
+
+
+def _resolve_lora_message(local_config: Any) -> Any | None:
+    """Return the LoRa configuration sub-message from ``local_config``."""
+
+    if local_config is None:
+        return None
+    if _has_field(local_config, "lora"):
+        candidate = getattr(local_config, "lora", None)
+        if candidate is not None:
+            return candidate
+    radio_section = getattr(local_config, "radio", None)
+    if radio_section is not None:
+        if _has_field(radio_section, "lora"):
+            return getattr(radio_section, "lora", None)
+        if hasattr(radio_section, "lora"):
+            return getattr(radio_section, "lora")
+    if hasattr(local_config, "lora"):
+        return getattr(local_config, "lora")
+    return None
+
+
+def _region_frequency(lora_message: Any) -> int | None:
+    """Derive the LoRa region frequency in MHz from ``lora_message``."""
+
+    if lora_message is None:
+        return None
+    region_value = getattr(lora_message, "region", None)
+    if region_value is None:
+        return None
+    enum_name = _enum_name_from_field(lora_message, "region", region_value)
+    if enum_name:
+        digits = re.findall(r"\d+", enum_name)
+        for token in digits:
+            try:
+                freq = int(token)
+            except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover - regex guarantees digits
+                continue
+            if freq >= 100:
+                return freq
+        for token in reversed(digits):
+            try:
+                return int(token)
+            except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover - defensive only
+                continue
+    if isinstance(region_value, int) and region_value >= 100:
+        return region_value
+    return None
+
+
+def _camelcase_enum_name(name: str | None) -> str | None:
+    """Convert ``name`` from ``SCREAMING_SNAKE`` to ``CamelCase``."""
+
+    if not name:
+        return None
+    parts = re.split(r"[^0-9A-Za-z]+", name.strip())
+    camel_parts = [part.capitalize() for part in parts if part]
+    if not camel_parts:
+        return None
+    return "".join(camel_parts)
+
+
+def _modem_preset(lora_message: Any) -> str | None:
+    """Return the CamelCase modem preset configured on ``lora_message``."""
+
+    if lora_message is None:
+        return None
+    descriptor = getattr(lora_message, "DESCRIPTOR", None)
+    fields_by_name = getattr(descriptor, "fields_by_name", {}) if descriptor else {}
+    if "modem_preset" in fields_by_name:
+        preset_field = "modem_preset"
+    elif "preset" in fields_by_name:
+        preset_field = "preset"
+    elif hasattr(lora_message, "modem_preset"):
+        preset_field = "modem_preset"
+    elif hasattr(lora_message, "preset"):
+        preset_field = "preset"
+    else:
+        return None
+
+    preset_value = getattr(lora_message, preset_field, None)
+    if preset_value is None:
+        return None
+    enum_name = _enum_name_from_field(lora_message, preset_field, preset_value)
+    if isinstance(enum_name, str) and enum_name:
+        return _camelcase_enum_name(enum_name)
+    if isinstance(preset_value, str) and preset_value:
+        return _camelcase_enum_name(preset_value)
+    return None
+
+
+def _ensure_radio_metadata(iface: Any) -> None:
+    """Populate cached LoRa metadata by inspecting ``iface`` when available."""
+
+    if iface is None:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        wait_for_config = getattr(iface, "waitForConfig", None)
+        if callable(wait_for_config):
+            wait_for_config()
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - hardware dependent guard
+        pass
+
+    local_node = getattr(iface, "localNode", None)
+    local_config = getattr(local_node, "localConfig", None) if local_node else None
+    lora_message = _resolve_lora_message(local_config)
+    if lora_message is None:
+        return
+
+    frequency = _region_frequency(lora_message)
+    preset = _modem_preset(lora_message)
+
+    updated = False
+    if frequency is not None and getattr(config, "LORA_FREQ", None) is None:
+        config.LORA_FREQ = frequency
+        updated = True
+    if preset is not None and getattr(config, "MODEM_PRESET", None) is None:
+        config.MODEM_PRESET = preset
+        updated = True
+
+    if updated:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Captured LoRa radio metadata",
+            context="interfaces.ensure_radio_metadata",
+            severity="info",
+            always=True,
+            lora_freq=frequency,
+            modem_preset=preset,
+        )
+
+
+def _ensure_channel_metadata(iface: Any) -> None:
+    """Capture channel metadata by inspecting ``iface`` once per runtime."""
+
+    if iface is None:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        channels.capture_from_interface(iface)
+    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive instrumentation
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Failed to capture channel metadata",
+            context="interfaces.ensure_channel_metadata",
+            severity="warn",
+            error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+            error_message=str(exc),
+        )
+
+
+_DEFAULT_TCP_PORT = 4403
+_DEFAULT_TCP_TARGET = "http://127.0.0.1"
+
+_DEFAULT_SERIAL_PATTERNS = (
+    "/dev/ttyACM*",
+    "/dev/ttyUSB*",
+    "/dev/tty.usbmodem*",
+    "/dev/tty.usbserial*",
+    "/dev/cu.usbmodem*",
+    "/dev/cu.usbserial*",
+)
+
+_BLE_ADDRESS_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{2}:){5}[0-9a-fA-F]{2}$")
+
+
+class _DummySerialInterface:
+    """In-memory replacement for ``meshtastic.serial_interface.SerialInterface``."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.nodes: dict = {}
+
+    def close(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - nothing to close
+        pass
+
+
+def _parse_ble_target(value: str) -> str | None:
+    """Return an uppercase BLE MAC address when ``value`` matches the format.
+
+    Parameters:
+        value: User-provided target string.
+
+    Returns:
+        The normalised MAC address or ``None`` when validation fails.
+    """
+
+    if not value:
+        return None
+    value = value.strip()
+    if not value:
+        return None
+    if _BLE_ADDRESS_RE.fullmatch(value):
+        return value.upper()
+    return None
+
+
+def _parse_network_target(value: str) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
+    """Return ``(host, port)`` when ``value`` is a numeric IP address string.
+
+    Only literal IPv4 or IPv6 addresses are accepted, optionally paired with a
+    port or scheme. Callers that start from hostnames should resolve them to an
+    address before invoking this helper.
+
+    Parameters:
+        value: Numeric IP literal or URL describing the TCP interface.
+
+    Returns:
+        A ``(host, port)`` tuple or ``None`` when parsing fails.
+    """
+
+    if not value:
+        return None
+
+    value = value.strip()
+    if not value:
+        return None
+
+    def _validated_result(host: str | None, port: int | None) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
+        if not host:
+            return None
+        try:
+            ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        return host, port or _DEFAULT_TCP_PORT
+
+    parsed_values = []
+    if "://" in value:
+        parsed_values.append(urllib.parse.urlparse(value, scheme="tcp"))
+    parsed_values.append(urllib.parse.urlparse(f"//{value}", scheme="tcp"))
+
+    for parsed in parsed_values:
+        try:
+            port = parsed.port
+        except ValueError:
+            port = None
+        result = _validated_result(parsed.hostname, port)
+        if result:
+            return result
+
+    if value.count(":") == 1 and not value.startswith("["):
+        host, _, port_text = value.partition(":")
+        try:
+            port = int(port_text) if port_text else None
+        except ValueError:
+            port = None
+        result = _validated_result(host, port)
+        if result:
+            return result
+
+    return _validated_result(value, None)
+
+
+def _load_ble_interface():
+    """Return :class:`meshtastic.ble_interface.BLEInterface` when available.
+
+    Returns:
+        The resolved BLE interface class.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If the BLE dependencies are not installed.
+    """
+
+    global BLEInterface
+    if BLEInterface is not None:
+        return BLEInterface
+
+    try:
+        from meshtastic.ble_interface import BLEInterface as _resolved_interface
+    except ImportError as exc:  # pragma: no cover - exercised in non-BLE envs
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "BLE interface requested but the Meshtastic BLE dependencies are not installed. "
+            "Install the 'meshtastic[ble]' extra to enable BLE support."
+        ) from exc
+    BLEInterface = _resolved_interface
+    try:
+        import sys
+
+        for module_name in ("data.mesh_ingestor", "data.mesh"):
+            mesh_module = sys.modules.get(module_name)
+            if mesh_module is not None:
+                setattr(mesh_module, "BLEInterface", BLEInterface)
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - defensive only
+        pass
+    return _resolved_interface
+
+
+def _create_serial_interface(port: str) -> tuple[object, str]:
+    """Return an appropriate mesh interface for ``port``.
+
+    Parameters:
+        port: User-supplied port string which may represent serial, BLE or TCP.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``(interface, resolved_target)`` describing the created interface.
+    """
+
+    port_value = (port or "").strip()
+    if port_value.lower() in {"", "mock", "none", "null", "disabled"}:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Using dummy serial interface",
+            context="interfaces.serial",
+            port=port_value,
+        )
+        return _DummySerialInterface(), "mock"
+    ble_target = _parse_ble_target(port_value)
+    if ble_target:
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Using BLE interface",
+            context="interfaces.ble",
+            address=ble_target,
+        )
+        return _load_ble_interface()(address=ble_target), ble_target
+    network_target = _parse_network_target(port_value)
+    if network_target:
+        host, tcp_port = network_target
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Using TCP interface",
+            context="interfaces.tcp",
+            host=host,
+            port=tcp_port,
+        )
+        return (
+            TCPInterface(hostname=host, portNumber=tcp_port),
+            f"tcp://{host}:{tcp_port}",
+        )
+    config._debug_log(
+        "Using serial interface",
+        context="interfaces.serial",
+        port=port_value,
+    )
+    return SerialInterface(devPath=port_value), port_value
+
+
+class NoAvailableMeshInterface(RuntimeError):
+    """Raised when no default mesh interface can be created."""
+
+
+def _default_serial_targets() -> list[str]:
+    """Return candidate serial device paths for auto-discovery."""
+
+    candidates: list[str] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for pattern in _DEFAULT_SERIAL_PATTERNS:
+        for path in sorted(glob.glob(pattern)):
+            if path not in seen:
+                candidates.append(path)
+                seen.add(path)
+    if "/dev/ttyACM0" not in seen:
+        candidates.append("/dev/ttyACM0")
+    return candidates
+
+
+def _create_default_interface() -> tuple[object, str]:
+    """Attempt to create the default mesh interface, raising on failure.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``(interface, resolved_target)`` for the discovered connection.
+
+    Raises:
+        NoAvailableMeshInterface: When no usable connection can be created.
+    """
+
+    errors: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
+    for candidate in _default_serial_targets():
+        try:
+            return _create_serial_interface(candidate)
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - hardware dependent
+            errors.append((candidate, exc))
+            config._debug_log(
+                "Failed to open serial candidate",
+                context="interfaces.auto_discovery",
+                target=candidate,
+                error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+                error_message=str(exc),
+            )
+    try:
+        return _create_serial_interface(_DEFAULT_TCP_TARGET)
+    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - network dependent
+        errors.append((_DEFAULT_TCP_TARGET, exc))
+        config._debug_log(
+            "Failed to open TCP fallback",
+            context="interfaces.auto_discovery",
+            target=_DEFAULT_TCP_TARGET,
+            error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+            error_message=str(exc),
+        )
+    if errors:
+        summary = "; ".join(f"{target}: {error}" for target, error in errors)
+        raise NoAvailableMeshInterface(
+            f"no mesh interface available ({summary})"
+        ) from errors[-1][1]
+    raise NoAvailableMeshInterface("no mesh interface available")
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BLEInterface",
+    "NoAvailableMeshInterface",
+    "_ensure_channel_metadata",
+    "_ensure_radio_metadata",
+    "_DummySerialInterface",
+    "_DEFAULT_TCP_PORT",
+    "_DEFAULT_TCP_TARGET",
+    "_create_default_interface",
+    "_create_serial_interface",
+    "_default_serial_targets",
+    "_load_ble_interface",
+    "_parse_ble_target",
+    "_parse_network_target",
+    "SerialInterface",
+    "TCPInterface",
+]
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Priority queue for POST operations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import heapq
+import itertools
+import json
+import threading
+import urllib.request
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Tuple
+
+from . import config
+
+_MESSAGE_POST_PRIORITY = 10
+_NEIGHBOR_POST_PRIORITY = 20
+_POSITION_POST_PRIORITY = 30
+_TELEMETRY_POST_PRIORITY = 40
+_NODE_POST_PRIORITY = 50
+_DEFAULT_POST_PRIORITY = 90
+
+
+@dataclass
+class QueueState:
+    """Mutable state for the HTTP POST priority queue."""
+
+    lock: threading.Lock = field(default_factory=threading.Lock)
+    queue: list[tuple[int, int, str, dict]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    counter: Iterable[int] = field(default_factory=itertools.count)
+    active: bool = False
+
+
+STATE = QueueState()
+
+
+def _post_json(
+    path: str,
+    payload: dict,
+    *,
+    instance: str | None = None,
+    api_token: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Send a JSON payload to the configured web API.
+
+    Parameters:
+        path: API path relative to the configured instance root.
+        payload: JSON-serialisable body to transmit.
+        instance: Optional override for :data:`config.INSTANCE`.
+        api_token: Optional override for :data:`config.API_TOKEN`.
+    """
+
+    if instance is None:
+        instance = config.INSTANCE
+    if api_token is None:
+        api_token = config.API_TOKEN
+
+    if not instance:
+        return
+    url = f"{instance}{path}"
+    data = json.dumps(payload).encode("utf-8")
+    req = urllib.request.Request(
+        url, data=data, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    )
+    if api_token:
+        req.add_header("Authorization", f"Bearer {api_token}")
+    try:
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10) as resp:
+            resp.read()
+    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - exercised in production
+        config._debug_log(
+            "POST request failed",
+            context="queue.post_json",
+            severity="warn",
+            url=url,
+            error_class=exc.__class__.__name__,
+            error_message=str(exc),
+        )
+
+
+def _enqueue_post_json(
+    path: str,
+    payload: dict,
+    priority: int,
+    *,
+    state: QueueState = STATE,
+) -> None:
+    """Store a POST request in the priority queue.
+
+    Parameters:
+        path: API path for the queued request.
+        payload: JSON-serialisable body.
+        priority: Lower values execute first.
+        state: Shared queue state, injectable for testing.
+    """
+
+    with state.lock:
+        counter = next(state.counter)
+        heapq.heappush(state.queue, (priority, counter, path, payload))
+
+
+def _drain_post_queue(
+    state: QueueState = STATE, send: Callable[[str, dict], None] | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Process queued POST requests in priority order.
+
+    Parameters:
+        state: Queue container holding pending items.
+        send: Optional callable used to transmit requests.
+    """
+
+    if send is None:
+        send = _post_json
+
+    try:
+        while True:
+            with state.lock:
+                if not state.queue:
+                    state.active = False
+                    return
+                _priority, _idx, path, payload = heapq.heappop(state.queue)
+            send(path, payload)
+    finally:
+        with state.lock:
+            state.active = False
+
+
+def _queue_post_json(
+    path: str,
+    payload: dict,
+    *,
+    priority: int = _DEFAULT_POST_PRIORITY,
+    state: QueueState = STATE,
+    send: Callable[[str, dict], None] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Queue a POST request and start processing if idle.
+
+    Parameters:
+        path: API path for the request.
+        payload: JSON payload to send.
+        priority: Scheduling priority where lower values run first.
+        state: Queue container used to store pending requests.
+        send: Optional transport override, primarily for tests.
+    """
+
+    if send is None:
+        send = _post_json
+
+    _enqueue_post_json(path, payload, priority, state=state)
+    with state.lock:
+        if state.active:
+            return
+        state.active = True
+    _drain_post_queue(state, send=send)
+
+
+def _clear_post_queue(state: QueueState = STATE) -> None:
+    """Clear the pending POST queue.
+
+    Parameters:
+        state: Queue state to reset. Defaults to the global queue.
+    """
+
+    with state.lock:
+        state.queue.clear()
+        state.active = False
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "STATE",
+    "QueueState",
+    "_DEFAULT_POST_PRIORITY",
+    "_MESSAGE_POST_PRIORITY",
+    "_NEIGHBOR_POST_PRIORITY",
+    "_NODE_POST_PRIORITY",
+    "_POSITION_POST_PRIORITY",
+    "_TELEMETRY_POST_PRIORITY",
+    "_clear_post_queue",
+    "_drain_post_queue",
+    "_enqueue_post_json",
+    "_post_json",
+    "_queue_post_json",
+]
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Utilities for converting Meshtastic structures into JSON-friendly forms.
+
+The helpers normalise loosely structured Meshtastic packets so they can be
+forwarded to the web application using predictable field names and types.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import dataclasses
+import json
+import math
+import time
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToDict
+from google.protobuf.message import DecodeError
+from google.protobuf.message import Message as ProtoMessage
+
+
+def _get(obj, key, default=None):
+    """Return ``obj[key]`` or ``getattr(obj, key)`` when available.
+
+    Parameters:
+        obj: Mapping or object supplying attributes.
+        key: Name of the attribute or mapping key to retrieve.
+        default: Fallback value when ``key`` is not present.
+
+    Returns:
+        The resolved value or ``default`` if the lookup fails.
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        return obj.get(key, default)
+    return getattr(obj, key, default)
+
+
+def _node_to_dict(n) -> dict:
+    """Convert ``n`` into a JSON-serialisable mapping.
+
+    Parameters:
+        n: Arbitrary data structure, commonly a protobuf message, dataclass or
+            nested containers produced by Meshtastic.
+
+    Returns:
+        A plain dictionary containing recursively converted values.
+    """
+
+    def _convert(value):
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            return {k: _convert(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
+            return [_convert(v) for v in value]
+        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(value):
+            return {k: _convert(getattr(value, k)) for k in value.__dataclass_fields__}
+        if isinstance(value, ProtoMessage):
+            try:
+                return MessageToDict(
+                    value,
+                    preserving_proto_field_name=True,
+                    use_integers_for_enums=False,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                if hasattr(value, "to_dict"):
+                    try:
+                        return value.to_dict()
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                try:
+                    return json.loads(json.dumps(value, default=str))
+                except Exception:
+                    return str(value)
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            try:
+                return value.decode()
+            except Exception:
+                return value.hex()
+        if isinstance(value, (str, int, float, bool)) or value is None:
+            return value
+        try:
+            return json.loads(json.dumps(value, default=str))
+        except Exception:
+            return str(value)
+
+    return _convert(n)
+
+
+def upsert_payload(node_id, node) -> dict:
+    """Return the payload expected by ``/api/nodes`` upsert requests.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node_id: Canonical node identifier.
+        node: Node representation to convert with :func:`_node_to_dict`.
+
+    Returns:
+        A mapping keyed by ``node_id`` describing the node.
+    """
+
+    ndict = _node_to_dict(node)
+    return {node_id: ndict}
+
+
+def _iso(ts: int | float) -> str:
+    """Convert ``ts`` into an ISO-8601 timestamp in UTC."""
+
+    import datetime
+
+    return (
+        datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(ts), datetime.UTC)
+        .isoformat()
+        .replace("+00:00", "Z")
+    )
+
+
+def _first(d, *names, default=None):
+    """Return the first matching attribute or key from ``d``.
+
+    Parameters:
+        d: Mapping or object providing nested attributes.
+        *names: Candidate names, optionally using ``dot.separated`` notation
+            for nested lookups.
+        default: Value returned when no candidates succeed.
+
+    Returns:
+        The first non-empty value encountered or ``default``.
+    """
+
+    def _mapping_get(obj, key):
+        if isinstance(obj, Mapping) and key in obj:
+            return True, obj[key]
+        if hasattr(obj, "__getitem__"):
+            try:
+                return True, obj[key]
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        if hasattr(obj, key):
+            return True, getattr(obj, key)
+        return False, None
+
+    for name in names:
+        cur = d
+        ok = True
+        for part in name.split("."):
+            ok, cur = _mapping_get(cur, part)
+            if not ok:
+                break
+        if ok:
+            if cur is None:
+                continue
+            if isinstance(cur, str) and cur == "":
+                continue
+            return cur
+    return default
+
+
+def _coerce_int(value):
+    """Best-effort conversion of ``value`` to an integer.
+
+    Parameters:
+        value: Any type supported by Meshtastic payloads.
+
+    Returns:
+        An integer or ``None`` when conversion is not possible.
+    """
+
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return int(value)
+    if isinstance(value, int):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, float):
+        return int(value) if math.isfinite(value) else None
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+        text = value.decode() if isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray)) else value
+        stripped = text.strip()
+        if not stripped:
+            return None
+        try:
+            if stripped.lower().startswith("0x"):
+                return int(stripped, 16)
+            return int(stripped, 10)
+        except ValueError:
+            try:
+                return int(float(stripped))
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+    try:
+        return int(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _coerce_float(value):
+    """Best-effort conversion of ``value`` to a float.
+
+    Parameters:
+        value: Any type supported by Meshtastic payloads.
+
+    Returns:
+        A float or ``None`` when conversion fails or results in ``NaN``.
+    """
+
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return float(value)
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        result = float(value)
+        return result if math.isfinite(result) else None
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+        text = value.decode() if isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray)) else value
+        stripped = text.strip()
+        if not stripped:
+            return None
+        try:
+            result = float(stripped)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        return result if math.isfinite(result) else None
+    try:
+        result = float(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    return result if math.isfinite(result) else None
+
+
+def _pkt_to_dict(packet) -> dict:
+    """Normalise a packet into a plain dictionary.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Packet object or mapping emitted by Meshtastic.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary representation suitable for downstream processing.
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(packet, dict):
+        return packet
+    if isinstance(packet, ProtoMessage):
+        try:
+            return MessageToDict(
+                packet, preserving_proto_field_name=True, use_integers_for_enums=False
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            if hasattr(packet, "to_dict"):
+                try:
+                    return packet.to_dict()
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+    try:
+        return json.loads(json.dumps(packet, default=lambda o: str(o)))
+    except Exception:
+        return {"_unparsed": str(packet)}
+
+
+def _canonical_node_id(value) -> str | None:
+    """Convert node identifiers into the canonical ``!xxxxxxxx`` format.
+
+    Parameters:
+        value: Input identifier which may be an int, float or string.
+
+    Returns:
+        The canonical identifier or ``None`` if conversion fails.
+    """
+
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        try:
+            num = int(value)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return None
+        if num < 0:
+            return None
+        return f"!{num & 0xFFFFFFFF:08x}"
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        return None
+
+    trimmed = value.strip()
+    if not trimmed:
+        return None
+    if trimmed.startswith("^"):
+        return trimmed
+    if trimmed.startswith("!"):
+        body = trimmed[1:]
+    elif trimmed.lower().startswith("0x"):
+        body = trimmed[2:]
+    elif trimmed.isdigit():
+        try:
+            return f"!{int(trimmed, 10) & 0xFFFFFFFF:08x}"
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+    else:
+        body = trimmed
+
+    if not body:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return f"!{int(body, 16) & 0xFFFFFFFF:08x}"
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _node_num_from_id(node_id) -> int | None:
+    """Extract the numeric node ID from a canonical identifier.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node_id: Identifier value accepted by :func:`_canonical_node_id`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The numeric node ID or ``None`` when parsing fails.
+    """
+
+    if node_id is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(node_id, (int, float)):
+        try:
+            num = int(node_id)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return None
+        return num if num >= 0 else None
+    if not isinstance(node_id, str):
+        return None
+
+    trimmed = node_id.strip()
+    if not trimmed:
+        return None
+    if trimmed.startswith("!"):
+        trimmed = trimmed[1:]
+    if trimmed.lower().startswith("0x"):
+        trimmed = trimmed[2:]
+    try:
+        return int(trimmed, 16)
+    except ValueError:
+        try:
+            return int(trimmed, 10)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+
+def _merge_mappings(base, extra):
+    """Merge two mapping-like objects recursively.
+
+    Parameters:
+        base: Existing mapping or mapping-like structure.
+        extra: Mapping or compatible object whose entries should overlay
+            ``base``.
+
+    Returns:
+        A new dictionary containing the merged values.
+    """
+
+    base_dict: dict
+    if isinstance(base, Mapping):
+        base_dict = dict(base)
+    elif base:
+        converted_base = _node_to_dict(base)
+        base_dict = dict(converted_base) if isinstance(converted_base, Mapping) else {}
+    else:
+        base_dict = {}
+
+    if not isinstance(extra, Mapping):
+        converted_extra = _node_to_dict(extra)
+        if not isinstance(converted_extra, Mapping):
+            return base_dict
+        extra = converted_extra
+
+    for key, value in extra.items():
+        if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+            existing = base_dict.get(key)
+            base_dict[key] = _merge_mappings(existing, value)
+        else:
+            base_dict[key] = _node_to_dict(value)
+    return base_dict
+
+
+def _extract_payload_bytes(decoded_section: Mapping) -> bytes | None:
+    """Return raw payload bytes from ``decoded_section`` when available.
+
+    Parameters:
+        decoded_section: Mapping that may include a ``payload`` entry.
+
+    Returns:
+        Raw payload bytes or ``None`` when the payload is missing or invalid.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(decoded_section, Mapping):
+        return None
+    payload = decoded_section.get("payload")
+    if isinstance(payload, Mapping):
+        data = payload.get("__bytes_b64__") or payload.get("bytes")
+        if isinstance(data, str):
+            try:
+                return base64.b64decode(data)
+            except Exception:
+                return None
+    if isinstance(payload, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        return bytes(payload)
+    if isinstance(payload, str):
+        try:
+            return base64.b64decode(payload)
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+    return None
+
+
+def _decode_nodeinfo_payload(payload_bytes):
+    """Decode ``NodeInfo`` protobuf payloads from raw bytes.
+
+    Parameters:
+        payload_bytes: Serialized protobuf data from a NODEINFO packet.
+
+    Returns:
+        A :class:`meshtastic.protobuf.mesh_pb2.NodeInfo` instance or ``None``.
+    """
+
+    if not payload_bytes:
+        return None
+    try:
+        from meshtastic.protobuf import mesh_pb2
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+
+    node_info = mesh_pb2.NodeInfo()
+    try:
+        node_info.ParseFromString(payload_bytes)
+        return node_info
+    except DecodeError:
+        try:
+            user_msg = mesh_pb2.User()
+            user_msg.ParseFromString(payload_bytes)
+        except DecodeError:
+            return None
+        node_info = mesh_pb2.NodeInfo()
+        node_info.user.CopyFrom(user_msg)
+        return node_info
+
+
+def _nodeinfo_metrics_dict(node_info) -> dict | None:
+    """Extract device metric fields from a NodeInfo message.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node_info: Parsed NodeInfo protobuf message.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary containing selected metric fields, or ``None`` when no
+        metrics are present.
+    """
+
+    if not node_info:
+        return None
+    metrics_field_names = {f[0].name for f in node_info.ListFields()}
+    if "device_metrics" not in metrics_field_names:
+        return None
+    metrics = {}
+    for field_desc, value in node_info.device_metrics.ListFields():
+        name = field_desc.name
+        if name == "battery_level":
+            metrics["batteryLevel"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "voltage":
+            metrics["voltage"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "channel_utilization":
+            metrics["channelUtilization"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "air_util_tx":
+            metrics["airUtilTx"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "uptime_seconds":
+            metrics["uptimeSeconds"] = int(value)
+        elif name == "humidity":
+            metrics["humidity"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "temperature":
+            metrics["temperature"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "barometric_pressure":
+            metrics["barometricPressure"] = float(value)
+    return metrics or None
+
+
+def _nodeinfo_position_dict(node_info) -> dict | None:
+    """Return a dictionary view of positional data from NodeInfo.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node_info: Parsed NodeInfo protobuf message.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary of positional fields or ``None`` if no data exists.
+    """
+
+    if not node_info:
+        return None
+    fields = {f[0].name for f in node_info.ListFields()}
+    if "position" not in fields:
+        return None
+
+    result = {}
+    latitude_i = None
+    longitude_i = None
+
+    for field_desc, value in node_info.position.ListFields():
+        name = field_desc.name
+        if name == "latitude_i":
+            latitude_i = int(value)
+            result["latitudeI"] = latitude_i
+        elif name == "longitude_i":
+            longitude_i = int(value)
+            result["longitudeI"] = longitude_i
+        elif name == "latitude":
+            result["latitude"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "longitude":
+            result["longitude"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "altitude":
+            result["altitude"] = int(value)
+        elif name == "time":
+            result["time"] = int(value)
+        elif name == "ground_speed":
+            result["groundSpeed"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "ground_track":
+            result["groundTrack"] = float(value)
+        elif name == "precision_bits":
+            result["precisionBits"] = int(value)
+        elif name == "location_source":
+            # Preserve the raw enum value to allow downstream formatting.
+            result["locationSource"] = int(value)
+
+    if "latitude" not in result and latitude_i is not None:
+        result["latitude"] = latitude_i / 1e7
+    if "longitude" not in result and longitude_i is not None:
+        result["longitude"] = longitude_i / 1e7
+
+    return result or None
+
+
+def _nodeinfo_user_dict(node_info, decoded_user):
+    """Combine protobuf and decoded user information into a mapping.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node_info: Parsed NodeInfo protobuf message that may contain a ``user``
+            field.
+        decoded_user: Mapping or protobuf message representing decoded user
+            data from the packet payload.
+
+    Returns:
+        A merged mapping of user information or ``None`` when no data exists.
+    """
+
+    user_dict = None
+    if node_info:
+        field_names = {f[0].name for f in node_info.ListFields()}
+        if "user" in field_names:
+            try:
+                user_dict = MessageToDict(
+                    node_info.user,
+                    preserving_proto_field_name=False,
+                    use_integers_for_enums=False,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                user_dict = None
+
+    if isinstance(decoded_user, ProtoMessage):
+        try:
+            decoded_user = MessageToDict(
+                decoded_user,
+                preserving_proto_field_name=False,
+                use_integers_for_enums=False,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            decoded_user = _node_to_dict(decoded_user)
+
+    if isinstance(decoded_user, Mapping):
+        user_dict = _merge_mappings(user_dict, decoded_user)
+
+    if isinstance(user_dict, Mapping):
+        canonical = _canonical_node_id(user_dict.get("id"))
+        if canonical:
+            user_dict = dict(user_dict)
+            user_dict["id"] = canonical
+    return user_dict
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "_canonical_node_id",
+    "_coerce_float",
+    "_coerce_int",
+    "_decode_nodeinfo_payload",
+    "_extract_payload_bytes",
+    "_first",
+    "_get",
+    "_iso",
+    "_merge_mappings",
+    "_node_num_from_id",
+    "_node_to_dict",
+    "_nodeinfo_metrics_dict",
+    "_nodeinfo_position_dict",
+    "_nodeinfo_user_dict",
+    "_pkt_to_dict",
+    "DecodeError",
+    "MessageToDict",
+    "ProtoMessage",
+    "upsert_payload",
+]
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS messages (
    encrypted TEXT,
    snr       REAL,
    rssi      INTEGER,
-    hop_limit INTEGER
+    hop_limit INTEGER,
+    lora_freq INTEGER,
+    modem_preset TEXT,
+    channel_name TEXT
 );

 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_messages_rx_time   ON messages(rx_time);
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+--
+-- Extend the nodes and messages tables with LoRa metadata columns.
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE nodes ADD COLUMN lora_freq INTEGER;
+ALTER TABLE nodes ADD COLUMN modem_preset TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN lora_freq INTEGER;
+ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN modem_preset TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN channel_name TEXT;
+COMMIT;
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+-- Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS neighbors (
+    node_id     TEXT NOT NULL,
+    neighbor_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    snr         REAL,
+    rx_time     INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (node_id, neighbor_id),
+    FOREIGN KEY (node_id) REFERENCES nodes(node_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    FOREIGN KEY (neighbor_id) REFERENCES nodes(node_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_neighbors_rx_time ON neighbors(rx_time);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_neighbors_neighbor_id ON neighbors(neighbor_id);
@@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS nodes (
  uptime_seconds     INTEGER,
  position_time      INTEGER,
  location_source    TEXT,
+  precision_bits     INTEGER,
  latitude           REAL,
  longitude          REAL,
-  altitude           REAL
+  altitude           REAL,
+  lora_freq          INTEGER,
+  modem_preset       TEXT
 );

 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_last_heard ON nodes(last_heard);
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Production dependencies
-meshtastic>=2.0.0
-protobuf>=4.21.12
+meshtastic>=2.5.0
+protobuf>=5.27.2

 # Development dependencies (optional)
-black>=23.0.0
-pytest>=7.0.0
+black>=24.8.0
+pytest>=8.3.0
+pytest-cov>=5.0.0
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+-- Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS telemetry (
+    id                      INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    node_id                 TEXT,
+    node_num                INTEGER,
+    from_id                 TEXT,
+    to_id                   TEXT,
+    rx_time                 INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    rx_iso                  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    telemetry_time          INTEGER,
+    channel                 INTEGER,
+    portnum                 TEXT,
+    hop_limit               INTEGER,
+    snr                     REAL,
+    rssi                    INTEGER,
+    bitfield                INTEGER,
+    payload_b64             TEXT,
+    battery_level           REAL,
+    voltage                 REAL,
+    channel_utilization     REAL,
+    air_util_tx             REAL,
+    uptime_seconds          INTEGER,
+    temperature             REAL,
+    relative_humidity       REAL,
+    barometric_pressure     REAL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_telemetry_rx_time ON telemetry(rx_time);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_telemetry_node_id ON telemetry(node_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_telemetry_time ON telemetry(telemetry_time);
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ services:
      DEBUG: 1
    volumes:
      - ./web:/app
-      - ./data:/data
+      - ./data:/app/.local/share/potato-mesh
      - /app/vendor/bundle

  web-bridge:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      DEBUG: 1
    volumes:
      - ./web:/app
-      - ./data:/data
+      - ./data:/app/.local/share/potato-mesh
      - /app/vendor/bundle
    ports:
      - "41447:41447"
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ services:
      DEBUG: 1
    volumes:
      - ./data:/app
+      - ./data:/app/.local/share/potato-mesh
      - /app/.local

  ingestor-bridge:
@@ -31,4 +32,5 @@ services:
      DEBUG: 1
    volumes:
      - ./data:/app
+      - ./data:/app/.local/share/potato-mesh
      - /app/.local
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 services:
  web:
    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: web/Dockerfile
      target: production
    environment:
      DEBUG: 0
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ services:

  web-bridge:
    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: web/Dockerfile
      target: production
    environment:
      DEBUG: 0
@@ -16,6 +20,8 @@ services:

  ingestor:
    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: data/Dockerfile
      target: production
    environment:
      DEBUG: 0
@@ -23,6 +29,8 @@ services:

  ingestor-bridge:
    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: data/Dockerfile
      target: production
    environment:
      DEBUG: 0
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 x-web-base: &web-base
-  image: ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh-web-linux-amd64:latest
+  image: ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh-web-${POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH:-linux-amd64}:latest
  environment:
-    SITE_NAME: ${SITE_NAME:-My Meshtastic Network}
-    DEFAULT_CHANNEL: ${DEFAULT_CHANNEL:-#MediumFast}
-    DEFAULT_FREQUENCY: ${DEFAULT_FREQUENCY:-868MHz}
-    MAP_CENTER_LAT: ${MAP_CENTER_LAT:-52.502889}
-    MAP_CENTER_LON: ${MAP_CENTER_LON:-13.404194}
-    MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM: ${MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM:-50}
-    MATRIX_ROOM: ${MATRIX_ROOM:-}
+    APP_ENV: ${APP_ENV:-production}
+    RACK_ENV: ${RACK_ENV:-production}
+    SITE_NAME: ${SITE_NAME:-PotatoMesh Demo}
+    CHANNEL: ${CHANNEL:-#LongFast}
+    FREQUENCY: ${FREQUENCY:-915MHz}
+    MAP_CENTER: ${MAP_CENTER:-38.761944,-27.090833}
+    MAX_DISTANCE: ${MAX_DISTANCE:-42}
+    CONTACT_LINK: ${CONTACT_LINK:-#potatomesh:dod.ngo}
    API_TOKEN: ${API_TOKEN}
    DEBUG: ${DEBUG:-0}
+  command: ["ruby", "app.rb", "-p", "41447", "-o", "0.0.0.0"]
  volumes:
-    - potatomesh_data:/app/data
+    - potatomesh_data:/app/.local/share/potato-mesh
    - potatomesh_logs:/app/logs
  restart: unless-stopped
  deploy:
@@ -24,19 +26,18 @@ x-web-base: &web-base
        cpus: '0.25'

 x-ingestor-base: &ingestor-base
-  image: ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh-ingestor-linux-amd64:latest
+  image: ghcr.io/l5yth/potato-mesh-ingestor-${POTATOMESH_IMAGE_ARCH:-linux-amd64}:latest
  environment:
-    MESH_SERIAL: ${MESH_SERIAL:-/dev/ttyACM0}
-    MESH_SNAPSHOT_SECS: ${MESH_SNAPSHOT_SECS:-60}
-    MESH_CHANNEL_INDEX: ${MESH_CHANNEL_INDEX:-0}
+    CONNECTION: ${CONNECTION:-/dev/ttyACM0}
+    CHANNEL_INDEX: ${CHANNEL_INDEX:-0}
    POTATOMESH_INSTANCE: ${POTATOMESH_INSTANCE:-http://web:41447}
    API_TOKEN: ${API_TOKEN}
    DEBUG: ${DEBUG:-0}
  volumes:
-    - potatomesh_data:/app/data
+    - potatomesh_data:/app/.local/share/potato-mesh
    - potatomesh_logs:/app/logs
  devices:
-    - ${MESH_SERIAL:-/dev/ttyACM0}:${MESH_SERIAL:-/dev/ttyACM0}
+    - ${CONNECTION:-/dev/ttyACM0}:${CONNECTION:-/dev/ttyACM0}
  privileged: false
  restart: unless-stopped
  deploy:
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

+"""Interactive debugging helpers for live Meshtastic sessions."""
+
 import time, json, base64, threading
 from pubsub import pub  # comes with meshtastic
 from meshtastic.serial_interface import SerialInterface
@@ -28,7 +30,14 @@ stop = threading.Event()


 def to_jsonable(obj):
-    """Recursively convert protobuf/bytes/etc. into JSON-serializable structures."""
+    """Recursively convert complex objects into JSON-serialisable structures.
+
+    Parameters:
+        obj: Any Meshtastic-related payload or protobuf message.
+
+    Returns:
+        A structure composed of standard Python types.
+    """
    if obj is None:
        return None
    if isinstance(obj, ProtoMessage):
@@ -49,7 +58,14 @@ def to_jsonable(obj):


 def extract_text(d):
-    """Best-effort pull of decoded text from a dict produced by to_jsonable()."""
+    """Best-effort pull of decoded text from :func:`to_jsonable` output.
+
+    Parameters:
+        d: Mapping derived from :func:`to_jsonable`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decoded text when available, otherwise ``None``.
+    """
    dec = d.get("decoded") or {}
    # Text packets usually at decoded.payload.text
    payload = dec.get("payload") or {}
@@ -62,6 +78,12 @@ def extract_text(d):


 def on_receive(packet, interface):
+    """Display human-readable output for each received packet.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Packet instance supplied by Meshtastic.
+        interface: Interface that produced the packet.
+    """
    global packet_count, last_rx_ts
    packet_count += 1
    last_rx_ts = time.time()
@@ -86,14 +108,20 @@ def on_receive(packet, interface):


 def on_connected(interface, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Log when a connection is established."""
+
    print("[info] connection established")


 def on_disconnected(interface, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Log when the interface disconnects."""
+
    print("[info] disconnected")


 def main():
+    """Run the interactive debugging loop."""
+
    print(f"Opening Meshtastic on {PORT} …")

    # Use PubSub topics (reliable in current meshtastic)
@@ -1,39 +1,87 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-import json, os, signal, sys, time, threading
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Utility script to dump Meshtastic traffic for offline analysis."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+import time
 from datetime import datetime, timezone

-from meshtastic.serial_interface import SerialInterface
 from meshtastic.mesh_interface import MeshInterface
+from meshtastic.serial_interface import SerialInterface
 from pubsub import pub

-PORT = os.environ.get("MESH_SERIAL", "/dev/ttyACM0")
+CONNECTION = os.environ.get("CONNECTION") or os.environ.get(
+    "MESH_SERIAL", "/dev/ttyACM0"
+)
+"""Connection target opened to capture Meshtastic traffic."""
 OUT = os.environ.get("MESH_DUMP_FILE", "meshtastic-dump.ndjson")

 # line-buffered append so you can tail -f safely
 f = open(OUT, "a", buffering=1, encoding="utf-8")


-def now():
+def now() -> str:
+    """Return the current UTC timestamp in ISO 8601 format."""
+
    return datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()


-def write(kind, payload):
+def write(kind: str, payload: dict) -> None:
+    """Append a JSON record to the dump file.
+
+    Parameters:
+        kind: Logical record type such as ``"packet"`` or ``"node"``.
+        payload: Serializable payload containing the record body.
+    """
+
    rec = {"ts": now(), "kind": kind, **payload}
    f.write(json.dumps(rec, ensure_ascii=False, default=str) + "\n")


 # Connect to the node
-iface: MeshInterface = SerialInterface(PORT)
+iface: MeshInterface = SerialInterface(CONNECTION)


 # Packet callback: every RF/Mesh packet the node receives/decodes lands here
 def on_packet(packet, iface):
+    """Write packet metadata whenever the radio receives a frame.
+
+    Parameters:
+        packet: Meshtastic packet object or dictionary.
+        iface: Interface instance delivering the packet.
+    """
+
    # 'packet' already includes decoded fields when available (portnum, payload, position, telemetry, etc.)
    write("packet", {"packet": packet})


 # Node callback: topology/metadata updates (nodeinfo, hops, lastHeard, etc.)
 def on_node(node, iface):
+    """Write node metadata updates produced by Meshtastic.
+
+    Parameters:
+        node: Meshtastic node object or mapping.
+        iface: Interface instance emitting the update.
+    """
+
    write("node", {"node": node})


@@ -47,16 +95,18 @@ try:
        "meta",
        {
            "event": "started",
-            "port": PORT,
+            "port": CONNECTION,
            "my_node_num": getattr(my, "my_node_num", None) if my else None,
        },
    )
 except Exception as e:
-    write("meta", {"event": "started", "port": PORT, "error": str(e)})
+    write("meta", {"event": "started", "port": CONNECTION, "error": str(e)})


 # Keep the process alive until Ctrl-C
 def _stop(signum, frame):
+    """Handle termination signals by flushing buffers and exiting."""
+
    write("meta", {"event": "stopping"})
    try:
        try:
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Minimal Meshtastic protobuf stubs for isolated unit testing."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import types
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Tuple
+
+
+def _enum_value(name: str, mapping: Dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    normalized = name.upper()
+    if normalized not in mapping:
+        raise KeyError(f"Unknown enum value: {name}")
+    return mapping[normalized]
+
+
+def build(message_base, decode_error) -> Tuple[types.ModuleType, types.ModuleType]:
+    """Return ``(config_pb2, mesh_pb2)`` stubs built from protobuf shims."""
+
+    class _ProtoMessage(message_base):
+        """Base class implementing JSON round-tripping for protobuf stubs."""
+
+        _FIELD_ALIASES: Dict[str, str] = {}
+        _FIELD_FACTORIES: Dict[str, Callable[[], "_ProtoMessage"]] = {}
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+            object.__setattr__(self, "_fields", {})
+
+        def __setattr__(
+            self, name: str, value: Any
+        ) -> None:  # noqa: D401 - behaviour documented on base class
+            object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+            if not name.startswith("_"):
+                self._fields[name] = value
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            factories = getattr(self, "_FIELD_FACTORIES", {})
+            if name in factories:
+                value = factories[name]()
+                self.__setattr__(name, value)
+                return value
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+
+        def _alias_for(self, name: str) -> str:
+            return self._FIELD_ALIASES.get(name, name)
+
+        def _name_for(self, alias: str) -> str:
+            reverse = getattr(self, "_FIELD_ALIASES", {})
+            for key, candidate in reverse.items():
+                if candidate == alias:
+                    return key
+            return alias
+
+        def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+            result: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+            for name, value in self._fields.items():
+                alias = self._alias_for(name)
+                if isinstance(value, _ProtoMessage):
+                    result[alias] = value._to_dict()
+                elif isinstance(value, list):
+                    result[alias] = [
+                        item._to_dict() if isinstance(item, _ProtoMessage) else item
+                        for item in value
+                    ]
+                else:
+                    result[alias] = value
+            return result
+
+        def SerializeToString(self) -> bytes:
+            """Encode the message contents as a JSON byte string."""
+
+            return json.dumps(self._to_dict(), sort_keys=True).encode("utf-8")
+
+        def ParseFromString(self, payload: bytes) -> None:
+            """Populate the message from a JSON byte string."""
+
+            try:
+                data = json.loads(payload.decode("utf-8"))
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
+                raise decode_error(str(exc)) from exc
+            self._load_from_dict(data)
+
+        def _load_from_dict(self, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            factories = getattr(self, "_FIELD_FACTORIES", {})
+            for alias, value in data.items():
+                name = self._name_for(alias)
+                if name in factories and isinstance(value, dict):
+                    nested = getattr(self, name, None)
+                    if not isinstance(nested, _ProtoMessage):
+                        nested = factories[name]()
+                        object.__setattr__(self, name, nested)
+                    nested._load_from_dict(value)
+                    self._fields[name] = nested
+                else:
+                    setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+            """Return a JSON-compatible representation of the message."""
+
+            return self._to_dict()
+
+        def ListFields(self):
+            """Mimic protobuf ``ListFields`` for the subset of tests used."""
+
+            from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+            entries = []
+            for name, value in self._fields.items():
+                descriptor = SimpleNamespace(name=name)
+                entries.append((descriptor, value))
+            return entries
+
+        def CopyFrom(self, other: "_ProtoMessage") -> None:
+            """Populate this message with values from ``other``."""
+
+            if not isinstance(other, _ProtoMessage):
+                raise TypeError("CopyFrom expects another protobuf message")
+            self._fields.clear()
+            for name, value in other._fields.items():
+                if isinstance(value, _ProtoMessage):
+                    copied = type(value)()
+                    copied.CopyFrom(value)
+                    setattr(self, name, copied)
+                elif isinstance(value, list):
+                    converted = []
+                    for item in value:
+                        if isinstance(item, _ProtoMessage):
+                            nested = type(item)()
+                            nested.CopyFrom(item)
+                            converted.append(nested)
+                        else:
+                            converted.append(item)
+                    setattr(self, name, converted)
+                else:
+                    setattr(self, name, value)
+
+    class _DeviceMetrics(_ProtoMessage):
+        _FIELD_ALIASES = {
+            "battery_level": "batteryLevel",
+            "voltage": "voltage",
+            "channel_utilization": "channelUtilization",
+            "air_util_tx": "airUtilTx",
+            "uptime_seconds": "uptimeSeconds",
+        }
+
+    class _Position(_ProtoMessage):
+        _FIELD_ALIASES = {
+            "latitude_i": "latitudeI",
+            "longitude_i": "longitudeI",
+            "location_source": "locationSource",
+        }
+
+        class LocSource:
+            _VALUES = {
+                "LOC_UNSET": 0,
+                "LOC_INTERNAL": 1,
+                "LOC_EXTERNAL": 2,
+            }
+
+            @classmethod
+            def Value(cls, name: str) -> int:
+                return _enum_value(name, cls._VALUES)
+
+    class _User(_ProtoMessage):
+        _FIELD_ALIASES = {
+            "short_name": "shortName",
+            "long_name": "longName",
+            "hw_model": "hwModel",
+        }
+
+    class _NodeInfo(_ProtoMessage):
+        _FIELD_ALIASES = {
+            "last_heard": "lastHeard",
+            "is_favorite": "isFavorite",
+            "hops_away": "hopsAway",
+        }
+        _FIELD_FACTORIES = {
+            "user": _User,
+            "device_metrics": _DeviceMetrics,
+            "position": _Position,
+        }
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            super().__init__()
+
+    class _HardwareModel:
+        _VALUES = {
+            "UNKNOWN": 0,
+            "TBEAM": 1,
+            "HELTEC": 2,
+        }
+
+        @classmethod
+        def Value(cls, name: str) -> int:
+            return _enum_value(name, cls._VALUES)
+
+    mesh_pb2 = types.ModuleType("mesh_pb2")
+    mesh_pb2.NodeInfo = _NodeInfo
+    mesh_pb2.User = _User
+    mesh_pb2.Position = _Position
+    mesh_pb2.DeviceMetrics = _DeviceMetrics
+    mesh_pb2.HardwareModel = _HardwareModel
+
+    class _RoleEnum:
+        _VALUES = {
+            "UNKNOWN": 0,
+            "CLIENT": 1,
+            "REPEATER": 2,
+            "ROUTER": 3,
+        }
+
+        @classmethod
+        def Value(cls, name: str) -> int:
+            return _enum_value(name, cls._VALUES)
+
+    class _DeviceConfig:
+        Role = _RoleEnum
+
+    class _Config:
+        DeviceConfig = _DeviceConfig
+
+    config_pb2 = types.ModuleType("config_pb2")
+    config_pb2.Config = _Config
+
+    return config_pb2, mesh_pb2
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
    "rssi": -121,
    "hop_limit": 1,
    "snr": -13.25,
+    "lora_freq": 915,
+    "modem_preset": "LONG_FAST",
+    "channel_name": "SpecChannel",
    "node": {
      "snr": -13.25,
      "node_id": "!bba83318",
@@ -50,6 +53,9 @@
    "rssi": -117,
    "hop_limit": 3,
    "snr": -12.0,
+    "lora_freq": 868,
+    "modem_preset": "MEDIUM_SLOW",
+    "channel_name": "SpecChannel",
    "node": {
      "snr": -12.0,
      "node_id": "!43b6e530",
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[
+  {
+    "node_id": "!7c5b0920",
+    "rx_time": 1758884186,
+    "node_broadcast_interval_secs": 1800,
+    "last_sent_by": "!9e99f8c0",
+    "neighbors": [
+      { "node_id": "!2b22accc", "snr": -6.5, "rx_time": 1758884106 },
+      { "node_id": "!43ba26d0", "snr": -5.0, "rx_time": 1758884120 },
+      { "node_id": "!69ba6f71", "snr": -13.0, "rx_time": 1758884135 },
+      { "node_id": "!fa848384", "snr": -14.75, "rx_time": 1758884150 },
+      { "node_id": "!da6a35b4", "snr": -6.5, "rx_time": 1758884165 }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "node_id": "!cafebabe",
+    "rx_time": 1758883200,
+    "neighbors": []
+  }
+]
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": 1256091342,
+    "node_id": "!9e95cf60",
+    "from_id": "!9e95cf60",
+    "to_id": "^all",
+    "rx_time": 1758024300,
+    "rx_iso": "2025-09-16T12:05:00Z",
+    "telemetry_time": 1758024300,
+    "channel": 0,
+    "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP",
+    "battery_level": 101,
+    "bitfield": 1,
+    "payload_b64": "DTVr0mgSFQhlFQIrh0AdJb8YPyXYFSA9KJTPEg==",
+    "device_metrics": {
+      "batteryLevel": 101,
+      "voltage": 4.224,
+      "channelUtilization": 0.59666663,
+      "airUtilTx": 0.03908333,
+      "uptimeSeconds": 305044
+    },
+    "raw": {
+      "device_metrics": {
+        "battery_level": 101,
+        "voltage": 4.224,
+        "channel_utilization": 0.59666663,
+        "air_util_tx": 0.03908333,
+        "uptime_seconds": 305044
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 2817720548,
+    "node_id": "!2a2a2a2a",
+    "from_id": "!2a2a2a2a",
+    "to_id": "^all",
+    "rx_time": 1758024400,
+    "rx_iso": "2025-09-16T12:06:40Z",
+    "telemetry_time": 1758024390,
+    "channel": 0,
+    "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP",
+    "bitfield": 1,
+    "environment_metrics": {
+      "temperature": 21.98,
+      "relativeHumidity": 39.475586,
+      "barometricPressure": 1017.8353
+    },
+    "raw": {
+      "environment_metrics": {
+        "temperature": 21.98,
+        "relative_humidity": 39.475586,
+        "barometric_pressure": 1017.8353
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 345678901,
+    "node_id": "!1234abcd",
+    "from_id": "!1234abcd",
+    "node_num": 305441741,
+    "to_id": "^all",
+    "rx_time": 1758024500,
+    "rx_iso": "2025-09-16T12:08:20Z",
+    "telemetry_time": 1758024450,
+    "channel": 1,
+    "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP",
+    "payload_b64": "AAEC",
+    "device_metrics": {
+      "battery_level": 58.5,
+      "voltage": 3.92,
+      "channel_utilization": 0.284,
+      "air_util_tx": 0.051,
+      "uptime_seconds": 86400
+    },
+    "local_stats": {
+      "numPacketsTx": 1280,
+      "numPacketsRx": 1425,
+      "numClients": 6,
+      "numNodes": 18,
+      "freeHeap": 21344,
+      "heapLowWater": 19876
+    }
+  }
+]
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.6
+
 # Main application builder stage
 FROM ruby:3.3-alpine AS builder

@@ -42,16 +44,24 @@ WORKDIR /app
 # Copy installed gems from builder stage
 COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bundle /usr/local/bundle

-# Copy application code (exclude Dockerfile from web directory)
-COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/app.rb web/app.sh web/Gemfile web/Gemfile.lock* web/public/ web/spec/ ./
-COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/views/ ./views/
+# Copy application code (excluding the Dockerfile which is not required at runtime)
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/app.rb ./
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/app.sh ./
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/Gemfile ./
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/Gemfile.lock* ./
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/lib ./lib
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/spec ./spec
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/public ./public
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/views ./views
+COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh web/scripts ./scripts

 # Copy SQL schema files from data directory
 COPY --chown=potatomesh:potatomesh data/*.sql /data/

-# Create data directory for SQLite database
-RUN mkdir -p /app/data && \
-    chown -R potatomesh:potatomesh /app/data
+# Create data and configuration directories with correct ownership
+RUN mkdir -p /app/.local/share/potato-mesh \
+    && mkdir -p /app/.config/potato-mesh/well-known \
+    && chown -R potatomesh:potatomesh /app/.local/share /app/.config

 # Switch to non-root user
 USER potatomesh
@@ -60,19 +70,16 @@ USER potatomesh
 EXPOSE 41447

 # Default environment variables (can be overridden by host)
-ENV APP_ENV=production \
-    MESH_DB=/app/data/mesh.db \
-    DB_BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS=5000 \
-    DB_BUSY_MAX_RETRIES=5 \
-    DB_BUSY_RETRY_DELAY=0.05 \
-    MAX_JSON_BODY_BYTES=1048576 \
-    SITE_NAME="Berlin Mesh Network" \
-    DEFAULT_CHANNEL="#MediumFast" \
-    DEFAULT_FREQUENCY="868MHz" \
-    MAP_CENTER_LAT=52.502889 \
-    MAP_CENTER_LON=13.404194 \
-    MAX_NODE_DISTANCE_KM=50 \
-    MATRIX_ROOM="" \
+ENV RACK_ENV=production \
+    APP_ENV=production \
+    XDG_DATA_HOME=/app/.local/share \
+    XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/app/.config \
+    SITE_NAME="PotatoMesh Demo" \
+    CHANNEL="#LongFast" \
+    FREQUENCY="915MHz" \
+    MAP_CENTER="38.761944,-27.090833" \
+    MAX_DISTANCE=42 \
+    CONTACT_LINK="#potatomesh:dod.ngo" \
    DEBUG=0

 # Start the application
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ gem "sinatra", "~> 4.0"
 gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.7"
 gem "rackup", "~> 2.2"
 gem "puma", "~> 7.0"
+gem "prometheus-client"

 group :test do
  gem "rspec", "~> 3.12"
@@ -18,7 +18,4 @@ set -euo pipefail

 bundle install

-PORT=${PORT:-41447}
-BIND_ADDRESS=${BIND_ADDRESS:-0.0.0.0}
-
-exec ruby app.rb -p "${PORT}" -o "${BIND_ADDRESS}"
+exec ruby app.rb -p 41447 -o 0.0.0.0
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "sinatra/base"
+require "json"
+require "sqlite3"
+require "fileutils"
+require "logger"
+require "rack/utils"
+require "open3"
+require "resolv"
+require "socket"
+require "time"
+require "openssl"
+require "base64"
+require "prometheus/client"
+require "prometheus/client/formats/text"
+require "prometheus/middleware/collector"
+require "prometheus/middleware/exporter"
+require "net/http"
+require "uri"
+require "ipaddr"
+require "set"
+require "digest"
+
+require_relative "config"
+require_relative "sanitizer"
+require_relative "meta"
+require_relative "logging"
+require_relative "application/helpers"
+require_relative "application/errors"
+require_relative "application/database"
+require_relative "application/networking"
+require_relative "application/identity"
+require_relative "application/federation"
+require_relative "application/prometheus"
+require_relative "application/queries"
+require_relative "application/data_processing"
+require_relative "application/filesystem"
+require_relative "application/routes/api"
+require_relative "application/routes/ingest"
+require_relative "application/routes/root"
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  class Application < Sinatra::Base
+    extend App::Helpers
+    extend App::Database
+    extend App::Networking
+    extend App::Identity
+    extend App::Federation
+    extend App::Prometheus
+    extend App::Queries
+    extend App::DataProcessing
+    extend App::Filesystem
+
+    helpers App::Helpers
+    include App::Database
+    include App::Networking
+    include App::Identity
+    include App::Federation
+    include App::Prometheus
+    include App::Queries
+    include App::DataProcessing
+    include App::Filesystem
+
+    register App::Routes::Api
+    register App::Routes::Ingest
+    register App::Routes::Root
+
+    DEFAULT_PORT = 41_447
+    DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESS = "0.0.0.0"
+
+    APP_VERSION = determine_app_version
+    INSTANCE_PRIVATE_KEY, INSTANCE_KEY_GENERATED = load_or_generate_instance_private_key
+    INSTANCE_PUBLIC_KEY_PEM = INSTANCE_PRIVATE_KEY.public_key.export
+    SELF_INSTANCE_ID = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(INSTANCE_PUBLIC_KEY_PEM)
+    INSTANCE_DOMAIN, INSTANCE_DOMAIN_SOURCE = determine_instance_domain
+
+    # Adjust the runtime logger severity to match the DEBUG flag.
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    def self.apply_logger_level!
+      logger = settings.logger
+      return unless logger
+
+      logger.level = PotatoMesh::Config.debug? ? Logger::DEBUG : Logger::WARN
+    end
+
+    # Determine the port the application should listen on.
+    #
+    # @param default_port [Integer] fallback port when ENV['PORT'] is absent or invalid.
+    # @return [Integer] port number for the HTTP server.
+    def self.resolve_port(default_port: DEFAULT_PORT)
+      default_port
+    end
+
+    configure do
+      set :public_folder, File.expand_path("../../public", __dir__)
+      set :views, File.expand_path("../../views", __dir__)
+      set :federation_thread, nil
+      set :port, resolve_port
+      set :bind, DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESS
+
+      app_logger = PotatoMesh::Logging.build_logger($stdout)
+      set :logger, app_logger
+      use Rack::CommonLogger, app_logger
+      use Rack::Deflater
+      use ::Prometheus::Middleware::Collector
+      use ::Prometheus::Middleware::Exporter
+
+      apply_logger_level!
+
+      perform_initial_filesystem_setup!
+      cleanup_legacy_well_known_artifacts
+      init_db unless db_schema_present?
+      ensure_schema_upgrades
+
+      log_instance_domain_resolution
+      log_instance_public_key
+      refresh_well_known_document_if_stale
+      ensure_self_instance_record!
+      update_all_prometheus_metrics_from_nodes
+
+      if federation_announcements_active?
+        start_initial_federation_announcement!
+        start_federation_announcer!
+      elsif federation_enabled?
+        debug_log(
+          "Federation announcements disabled",
+          context: "federation",
+          reason: "test environment",
+        )
+      else
+        debug_log(
+          "Federation announcements disabled",
+          context: "federation",
+          reason: "configuration",
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if defined?(Sinatra::Application) && Sinatra::Application != PotatoMesh::Application
+  Sinatra.send(:remove_const, :Application)
+end
+Sinatra::Application = PotatoMesh::Application unless defined?(Sinatra::Application)
+
+APP_VERSION = PotatoMesh::Application::APP_VERSION unless defined?(APP_VERSION)
+SELF_INSTANCE_ID = PotatoMesh::Application::SELF_INSTANCE_ID unless defined?(SELF_INSTANCE_ID)
+
+[
+  PotatoMesh::App::Helpers,
+  PotatoMesh::App::Database,
+  PotatoMesh::App::Networking,
+  PotatoMesh::App::Identity,
+  PotatoMesh::App::Federation,
+  PotatoMesh::App::Prometheus,
+  PotatoMesh::App::Queries,
+  PotatoMesh::App::DataProcessing,
+].each do |mod|
+  Object.include(mod) unless Object < mod
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Database
+      # Open a connection to the application database applying common pragmas.
+      #
+      # @param readonly [Boolean] whether to open the database in read-only mode.
+      # @return [SQLite3::Database] configured database handle.
+      def open_database(readonly: false)
+        SQLite3::Database.new(PotatoMesh::Config.db_path, readonly: readonly).tap do |db|
+          db.busy_timeout = PotatoMesh::Config.db_busy_timeout_ms
+          db.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Execute the provided block and retry when SQLite reports a busy error.
+      #
+      # @param max_retries [Integer] maximum number of retries when locked.
+      # @param base_delay [Float] incremental back-off delay between retries.
+      # @yield Executes the database operation.
+      # @return [Object] result of the block.
+      def with_busy_retry(
+        max_retries: PotatoMesh::Config.db_busy_max_retries,
+        base_delay: PotatoMesh::Config.db_busy_retry_delay
+      )
+        attempts = 0
+        begin
+          yield
+        rescue SQLite3::BusyException
+          attempts += 1
+          raise if attempts > max_retries
+
+          sleep(base_delay * attempts)
+          retry
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether the database schema has already been provisioned.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true when all required tables exist.
+      def db_schema_present?
+        return false unless File.exist?(PotatoMesh::Config.db_path)
+
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        required = %w[nodes messages positions telemetry neighbors instances]
+        tables =
+          db.execute(
+            "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name IN ('nodes','messages','positions','telemetry','neighbors','instances')",
+          ).flatten
+        (required - tables).empty?
+      rescue SQLite3::Exception
+        false
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      # Create the database schema using the bundled SQL files.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def init_db
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(PotatoMesh::Config.db_path))
+        db = open_database
+        %w[nodes messages positions telemetry neighbors instances].each do |schema|
+          sql_file = File.expand_path("../../../../data/#{schema}.sql", __dir__)
+          db.execute_batch(File.read(sql_file))
+        end
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      # Apply any schema migrations required for older installations.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def ensure_schema_upgrades
+        db = open_database
+        node_columns = db.execute("PRAGMA table_info(nodes)").map { |row| row[1] }
+        unless node_columns.include?("precision_bits")
+          db.execute("ALTER TABLE nodes ADD COLUMN precision_bits INTEGER")
+          node_columns << "precision_bits"
+        end
+
+        unless node_columns.include?("lora_freq")
+          db.execute("ALTER TABLE nodes ADD COLUMN lora_freq INTEGER")
+        end
+
+        unless node_columns.include?("modem_preset")
+          db.execute("ALTER TABLE nodes ADD COLUMN modem_preset TEXT")
+        end
+
+        message_columns = db.execute("PRAGMA table_info(messages)").map { |row| row[1] }
+
+        unless message_columns.include?("lora_freq")
+          db.execute("ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN lora_freq INTEGER")
+        end
+
+        unless message_columns.include?("modem_preset")
+          db.execute("ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN modem_preset TEXT")
+        end
+
+        unless message_columns.include?("channel_name")
+          db.execute("ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN channel_name TEXT")
+        end
+
+        tables = db.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='instances'").flatten
+        if tables.empty?
+          sql_file = File.expand_path("../../../../data/instances.sql", __dir__)
+          db.execute_batch(File.read(sql_file))
+        end
+      rescue SQLite3::SQLException, Errno::ENOENT => e
+        warn_log(
+          "Failed to apply schema upgrade",
+          context: "database.schema",
+          error_class: e.class.name,
+          error_message: e.message,
+        )
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    # Raised when a remote instance fails to provide valid federation data.
+    class InstanceFetchError < StandardError; end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Federation
+      def self_instance_domain
+        sanitized = sanitize_instance_domain(app_constant(:INSTANCE_DOMAIN))
+        return sanitized if sanitized
+
+        raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN could not be determined"
+      end
+
+      def self_instance_attributes
+        domain = self_instance_domain
+        last_update = latest_node_update_timestamp || Time.now.to_i
+        {
+          id: app_constant(:SELF_INSTANCE_ID),
+          domain: domain,
+          pubkey: app_constant(:INSTANCE_PUBLIC_KEY_PEM),
+          name: sanitized_site_name,
+          version: app_constant(:APP_VERSION),
+          channel: sanitized_channel,
+          frequency: sanitized_frequency,
+          latitude: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lat,
+          longitude: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lon,
+          last_update_time: last_update,
+          is_private: private_mode?,
+        }
+      end
+
+      def sign_instance_attributes(attributes)
+        payload = canonical_instance_payload(attributes)
+        Base64.strict_encode64(
+          app_constant(:INSTANCE_PRIVATE_KEY).sign(OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new, payload),
+        )
+      end
+
+      def instance_announcement_payload(attributes, signature)
+        payload = {
+          "id" => attributes[:id],
+          "domain" => attributes[:domain],
+          "pubkey" => attributes[:pubkey],
+          "name" => attributes[:name],
+          "version" => attributes[:version],
+          "channel" => attributes[:channel],
+          "frequency" => attributes[:frequency],
+          "latitude" => attributes[:latitude],
+          "longitude" => attributes[:longitude],
+          "lastUpdateTime" => attributes[:last_update_time],
+          "isPrivate" => attributes[:is_private],
+          "signature" => signature,
+        }
+        payload.reject { |_, value| value.nil? }
+      end
+
+      def ensure_self_instance_record!
+        attributes = self_instance_attributes
+        signature = sign_instance_attributes(attributes)
+        db = open_database
+        upsert_instance_record(db, attributes, signature)
+        debug_log(
+          "Registered self instance record",
+          context: "federation.instances",
+          domain: attributes[:domain],
+          instance_id: attributes[:id],
+        )
+        [attributes, signature]
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      def federation_target_domains(self_domain)
+        domains = Set.new
+        PotatoMesh::Config.federation_seed_domains.each do |seed|
+          sanitized = sanitize_instance_domain(seed)
+          domains << sanitized.downcase if sanitized
+        end
+
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        db.results_as_hash = false
+        rows = with_busy_retry { db.execute("SELECT domain FROM instances WHERE domain IS NOT NULL AND TRIM(domain) != ''") }
+        rows.flatten.compact.each do |raw_domain|
+          sanitized = sanitize_instance_domain(raw_domain)
+          domains << sanitized.downcase if sanitized
+        end
+        if self_domain
+          domains.delete(self_domain.downcase)
+        end
+        domains.to_a
+      rescue SQLite3::Exception
+        domains =
+          PotatoMesh::Config.federation_seed_domains.map do |seed|
+            sanitize_instance_domain(seed)&.downcase
+          end.compact
+        self_domain ? domains.reject { |domain| domain == self_domain.downcase } : domains
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      def announce_instance_to_domain(domain, payload_json)
+        return false unless domain && !domain.empty?
+
+        instance_uri_candidates(domain, "/api/instances").each do |uri|
+          begin
+            http = build_remote_http_client(uri)
+            response = http.start do |connection|
+              request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
+              request["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+              request.body = payload_json
+              connection.request(request)
+            end
+            if response.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+              debug_log(
+                "Published federation announcement",
+                context: "federation.announce",
+                target: uri.to_s,
+                status: response.code,
+              )
+              return true
+            end
+            debug_log(
+              "Federation announcement failed",
+              context: "federation.announce",
+              target: uri.to_s,
+              status: response.code,
+            )
+          rescue StandardError => e
+            warn_log(
+              "Federation announcement raised exception",
+              context: "federation.announce",
+              target: uri.to_s,
+              error_class: e.class.name,
+              error_message: e.message,
+            )
+          end
+        end
+
+        false
+      end
+
+      def announce_instance_to_all_domains
+        return unless federation_enabled?
+
+        attributes, signature = ensure_self_instance_record!
+        payload_json = JSON.generate(instance_announcement_payload(attributes, signature))
+        domains = federation_target_domains(attributes[:domain])
+        domains.each do |domain|
+          announce_instance_to_domain(domain, payload_json)
+        end
+        unless domains.empty?
+          debug_log(
+            "Federation announcement cycle complete",
+            context: "federation.announce",
+            targets: domains,
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      def start_federation_announcer!
+        existing = settings.federation_thread
+        return existing if existing&.alive?
+
+        thread = Thread.new do
+          loop do
+            sleep PotatoMesh::Config.federation_announcement_interval
+            begin
+              announce_instance_to_all_domains
+            rescue StandardError => e
+              warn_log(
+                "Federation announcement loop error",
+                context: "federation.announce",
+                error_class: e.class.name,
+                error_message: e.message,
+              )
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        thread.name = "potato-mesh-federation" if thread.respond_to?(:name=)
+        set(:federation_thread, thread)
+        thread
+      end
+
+      def start_initial_federation_announcement!
+        existing = settings.respond_to?(:initial_federation_thread) ? settings.initial_federation_thread : nil
+        return existing if existing&.alive?
+
+        thread = Thread.new do
+          begin
+            announce_instance_to_all_domains
+          rescue StandardError => e
+            warn_log(
+              "Initial federation announcement failed",
+              context: "federation.announce",
+              error_class: e.class.name,
+              error_message: e.message,
+            )
+          ensure
+            set(:initial_federation_thread, nil)
+          end
+        end
+        thread.name = "potato-mesh-federation-initial" if thread.respond_to?(:name=)
+        thread.report_on_exception = false if thread.respond_to?(:report_on_exception=)
+        set(:initial_federation_thread, thread)
+        thread
+      end
+
+      def canonical_instance_payload(attributes)
+        data = {}
+        data["id"] = attributes[:id] if attributes[:id]
+        data["domain"] = attributes[:domain] if attributes[:domain]
+        data["pubkey"] = attributes[:pubkey] if attributes[:pubkey]
+        data["name"] = attributes[:name] if attributes[:name]
+        data["version"] = attributes[:version] if attributes[:version]
+        data["channel"] = attributes[:channel] if attributes[:channel]
+        data["frequency"] = attributes[:frequency] if attributes[:frequency]
+        data["latitude"] = attributes[:latitude] unless attributes[:latitude].nil?
+        data["longitude"] = attributes[:longitude] unless attributes[:longitude].nil?
+        data["lastUpdateTime"] = attributes[:last_update_time] unless attributes[:last_update_time].nil?
+        data["isPrivate"] = attributes[:is_private] unless attributes[:is_private].nil?
+
+        JSON.generate(data, sort_keys: true)
+      end
+
+      def verify_instance_signature(attributes, signature, public_key_pem)
+        return false unless signature && public_key_pem
+
+        canonical = canonical_instance_payload(attributes)
+        signature_bytes = Base64.strict_decode64(signature)
+        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(public_key_pem)
+        key.verify(OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new, signature_bytes, canonical)
+      rescue ArgumentError, OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError
+        false
+      end
+
+      def instance_uri_candidates(domain, path)
+        base = domain
+        [
+          URI.parse("https://#{base}#{path}"),
+          URI.parse("http://#{base}#{path}"),
+        ]
+      rescue URI::InvalidURIError
+        []
+      end
+
+      def perform_instance_http_request(uri)
+        http = build_remote_http_client(uri)
+        http.start do |connection|
+          response = connection.request(Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri))
+          case response
+          when Net::HTTPSuccess
+            response.body
+          else
+            raise InstanceFetchError, "unexpected response #{response.code}"
+          end
+        end
+      rescue StandardError => e
+        raise InstanceFetchError, e.message
+      end
+
+      def fetch_instance_json(domain, path)
+        errors = []
+        instance_uri_candidates(domain, path).each do |uri|
+          begin
+            body = perform_instance_http_request(uri)
+            return [JSON.parse(body), uri] if body
+          rescue JSON::ParserError => e
+            errors << "#{uri}: invalid JSON (#{e.message})"
+          rescue InstanceFetchError => e
+            errors << "#{uri}: #{e.message}"
+          end
+        end
+        [nil, errors]
+      end
+
+      # Build an HTTP client configured for communication with a remote instance.
+      #
+      # @param uri [URI::Generic] target URI describing the remote endpoint.
+      # @return [Net::HTTP] HTTP client ready to execute the request.
+      def build_remote_http_client(uri)
+        http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
+        http.open_timeout = PotatoMesh::Config.remote_instance_http_timeout
+        http.read_timeout = PotatoMesh::Config.remote_instance_http_timeout
+        http.use_ssl = uri.scheme == "https"
+        return http unless http.use_ssl?
+
+        http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+        http.min_version = :TLS1_2 if http.respond_to?(:min_version=)
+        store = remote_instance_cert_store
+        http.cert_store = store if store
+        callback = remote_instance_verify_callback
+        http.verify_callback = callback if callback
+        http
+      end
+
+      # Construct a certificate store that disables strict CRL enforcement.
+      #
+      # OpenSSL may fail remote requests when certificate revocation lists are
+      # unavailable from the issuing authority. The returned store mirrors the
+      # default system trust store while clearing CRL-related flags so that
+      # federation announcements gracefully succeed when CRLs cannot be fetched.
+      #
+      # @return [OpenSSL::X509::Store, nil] configured store or nil when setup fails.
+      def remote_instance_cert_store
+        return @remote_instance_cert_store if defined?(@remote_instance_cert_store) && @remote_instance_cert_store
+
+        store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
+        store.set_default_paths
+        store.flags = 0 if store.respond_to?(:flags=)
+        @remote_instance_cert_store = store
+      rescue OpenSSL::X509::StoreError => e
+        debug_log(
+          "Failed to initialize certificate store for federation HTTP: #{e.message}",
+        )
+        @remote_instance_cert_store = nil
+      end
+
+      # Build a TLS verification callback that tolerates CRL availability failures.
+      #
+      # Some certificate authorities publish CRL endpoints that may occasionally be
+      # unreachable. When OpenSSL cannot download the CRL it raises the
+      # V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL error which would otherwise cause HTTPS federation
+      # announcements to abort. The generated callback accepts those specific
+      # failures while preserving strict verification for all other errors.
+      #
+      # @return [Proc, nil] verification callback or nil when creation fails.
+      def remote_instance_verify_callback
+        if defined?(@remote_instance_verify_callback) && @remote_instance_verify_callback
+          return @remote_instance_verify_callback
+        end
+
+        callback = lambda do |preverify_ok, store_context|
+          return true if preverify_ok
+
+          if store_context && crl_unavailable_error?(store_context.error)
+            debug_log(
+              "Ignoring TLS CRL retrieval failure during federation request",
+              context: "federation.announce",
+            )
+            true
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+
+        @remote_instance_verify_callback = callback
+      rescue StandardError => e
+        debug_log(
+          "Failed to initialize federation TLS verify callback: #{e.message}",
+          context: "federation.announce",
+        )
+        @remote_instance_verify_callback = nil
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether the supplied OpenSSL verification error corresponds to a
+      # missing certificate revocation list.
+      #
+      # @param error_code [Integer, nil] OpenSSL verification error value.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the error should be ignored.
+      def crl_unavailable_error?(error_code)
+        allowed_errors = [OpenSSL::X509::V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL]
+        if defined?(OpenSSL::X509::V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL_ISSUER)
+          allowed_errors << OpenSSL::X509::V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL_ISSUER
+        end
+        allowed_errors.include?(error_code)
+      end
+
+      def validate_well_known_document(document, domain, pubkey)
+        unless document.is_a?(Hash)
+          return [false, "document is not an object"]
+        end
+
+        remote_pubkey = sanitize_public_key_pem(document["publicKey"])
+        return [false, "public key missing"] unless remote_pubkey
+        return [false, "public key mismatch"] unless remote_pubkey == pubkey
+
+        remote_domain = string_or_nil(document["domain"])
+        return [false, "domain missing"] unless remote_domain
+        return [false, "domain mismatch"] unless remote_domain.casecmp?(domain)
+
+        algorithm = string_or_nil(document["signatureAlgorithm"])
+        unless algorithm&.casecmp?(PotatoMesh::Config.instance_signature_algorithm)
+          return [false, "unsupported signature algorithm"]
+        end
+
+        signed_payload_b64 = string_or_nil(document["signedPayload"])
+        signature_b64 = string_or_nil(document["signature"])
+        return [false, "missing signed payload"] unless signed_payload_b64
+        return [false, "missing signature"] unless signature_b64
+
+        signed_payload = Base64.strict_decode64(signed_payload_b64)
+        signature = Base64.strict_decode64(signature_b64)
+        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(remote_pubkey)
+        unless key.verify(OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new, signature, signed_payload)
+          return [false, "invalid well-known signature"]
+        end
+
+        payload = JSON.parse(signed_payload)
+        unless payload.is_a?(Hash)
+          return [false, "signed payload is not an object"]
+        end
+
+        payload_domain = string_or_nil(payload["domain"])
+        payload_pubkey = sanitize_public_key_pem(payload["publicKey"])
+        return [false, "signed payload domain mismatch"] unless payload_domain&.casecmp?(domain)
+        return [false, "signed payload public key mismatch"] unless payload_pubkey == pubkey
+
+        [true, nil]
+      rescue ArgumentError, OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError => e
+        [false, e.message]
+      rescue JSON::ParserError => e
+        [false, "signed payload JSON error: #{e.message}"]
+      end
+
+      def validate_remote_nodes(nodes)
+        unless nodes.is_a?(Array)
+          return [false, "node response is not an array"]
+        end
+
+        if nodes.length < PotatoMesh::Config.remote_instance_min_node_count
+          return [false, "insufficient nodes"]
+        end
+
+        latest = nodes.filter_map do |node|
+          next unless node.is_a?(Hash)
+
+          timestamps = []
+          timestamps << coerce_integer(node["last_heard"])
+          timestamps << coerce_integer(node["position_time"])
+          timestamps << coerce_integer(node["first_heard"])
+          timestamps.compact.max
+        end.compact.max
+
+        return [false, "missing recent node updates"] unless latest
+
+        cutoff = Time.now.to_i - PotatoMesh::Config.remote_instance_max_node_age
+        return [false, "node data is stale"] if latest < cutoff
+
+        [true, nil]
+      end
+
+      def upsert_instance_record(db, attributes, signature)
+        sql = <<~SQL
+          INSERT INTO instances (
+            id, domain, pubkey, name, version, channel, frequency,
+            latitude, longitude, last_update_time, is_private, signature
+          ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+          ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
+            domain=excluded.domain,
+            pubkey=excluded.pubkey,
+            name=excluded.name,
+            version=excluded.version,
+            channel=excluded.channel,
+            frequency=excluded.frequency,
+            latitude=excluded.latitude,
+            longitude=excluded.longitude,
+            last_update_time=excluded.last_update_time,
+            is_private=excluded.is_private,
+            signature=excluded.signature
+        SQL
+
+        params = [
+          attributes[:id],
+          attributes[:domain],
+          attributes[:pubkey],
+          attributes[:name],
+          attributes[:version],
+          attributes[:channel],
+          attributes[:frequency],
+          attributes[:latitude],
+          attributes[:longitude],
+          attributes[:last_update_time],
+          attributes[:is_private] ? 1 : 0,
+          signature,
+        ]
+
+        with_busy_retry do
+          db.execute(sql, params)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "fileutils"
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    # Filesystem helpers responsible for migrating legacy assets to XDG compliant
+    # directories and preparing runtime storage locations.
+    module Filesystem
+      # Execute all filesystem migrations required before the application boots.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def perform_initial_filesystem_setup!
+        migrate_legacy_database!
+        migrate_legacy_keyfile!
+        migrate_legacy_well_known_assets!
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Copy the legacy database file into the configured XDG data directory.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def migrate_legacy_database!
+        return unless default_database_destination?
+
+        migrate_legacy_file(
+          PotatoMesh::Config.legacy_db_path,
+          PotatoMesh::Config.db_path,
+          chmod: 0o600,
+          context: "filesystem.db",
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Copy the legacy keyfile into the configured XDG configuration directory.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def migrate_legacy_keyfile!
+        PotatoMesh::Config.legacy_keyfile_candidates.each do |candidate|
+          migrate_legacy_file(
+            candidate,
+            PotatoMesh::Config.keyfile_path,
+            chmod: 0o600,
+            context: "filesystem.keys",
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Copy the legacy well-known document into the configured XDG directory.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def migrate_legacy_well_known_assets!
+        destination = File.join(
+          PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_storage_root,
+          File.basename(PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_relative_path),
+        )
+
+        PotatoMesh::Config.legacy_well_known_candidates.each do |candidate|
+          migrate_legacy_file(
+            candidate,
+            destination,
+            chmod: 0o644,
+            context: "filesystem.well_known",
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Migrate a legacy file if it exists and the destination has not been created yet.
+      #
+      # @param source_path [String] absolute path to the legacy file.
+      # @param destination_path [String] absolute path to the new file location.
+      # @param chmod [Integer, nil] optional permission bits applied to the destination file.
+      # @param context [String] logging context describing the migration target.
+      # @return [void]
+      def migrate_legacy_file(source_path, destination_path, chmod:, context:)
+        return if source_path == destination_path
+        return unless File.exist?(source_path)
+        return if File.exist?(destination_path)
+
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(destination_path))
+        FileUtils.cp(source_path, destination_path)
+        File.chmod(chmod, destination_path) if chmod
+
+        debug_log(
+          "Migrated legacy file to XDG directory",
+          context: context,
+          source: source_path,
+          destination: destination_path,
+        )
+      rescue SystemCallError => e
+        warn_log(
+          "Failed to migrate legacy file",
+          context: context,
+          source: source_path,
+          destination: destination_path,
+          error_class: e.class.name,
+          error_message: e.message,
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether the database destination matches the configured default.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the destination should receive migrated data.
+      def default_database_destination?
+        PotatoMesh::Config.db_path == PotatoMesh::Config.default_db_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    # Shared view and controller helper methods. Each helper is documented with
+    # its intended consumers to ensure consistent behaviour across the Sinatra
+    # application.
+    module Helpers
+      # Fetch an application level constant exposed by {PotatoMesh::Application}.
+      #
+      # @param name [Symbol] constant identifier to retrieve.
+      # @return [Object] constant value stored on the application class.
+      def app_constant(name)
+        PotatoMesh::Application.const_get(name)
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the configured Prometheus report identifiers as an array.
+      #
+      # @return [Array<String>] list of report IDs used on the metrics page.
+      def prom_report_ids
+        PotatoMesh::Config.prom_report_id_list
+      end
+
+      # Read a text configuration value with a fallback.
+      #
+      # @param key [String] environment variable key.
+      # @param default [String] fallback value when unset.
+      # @return [String] sanitised configuration string.
+      def fetch_config_string(key, default)
+        PotatoMesh::Config.fetch_string(key, default)
+      end
+
+      # Proxy for {PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.string_or_nil}.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] value to sanitise.
+      # @return [String, nil] cleaned string or nil.
+      def string_or_nil(value)
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.string_or_nil(value)
+      end
+
+      # Proxy for {PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitize_instance_domain}.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] candidate domain string.
+      # @return [String, nil] canonical domain or nil.
+      def sanitize_instance_domain(value)
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitize_instance_domain(value)
+      end
+
+      # Proxy for {PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.instance_domain_host}.
+      #
+      # @param domain [String] domain literal.
+      # @return [String, nil] host portion of the domain.
+      def instance_domain_host(domain)
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.instance_domain_host(domain)
+      end
+
+      # Proxy for {PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.ip_from_domain}.
+      #
+      # @param domain [String] domain literal.
+      # @return [IPAddr, nil] parsed address object.
+      def ip_from_domain(domain)
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.ip_from_domain(domain)
+      end
+
+      # Proxy for {PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_string}.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] arbitrary input.
+      # @return [String] trimmed string representation.
+      def sanitized_string(value)
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_string(value)
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the site name presented to users.
+      #
+      # @return [String] sanitised site label.
+      def sanitized_site_name
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_site_name
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the configured channel.
+      #
+      # @return [String] sanitised channel identifier.
+      def sanitized_channel
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_channel
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the configured frequency descriptor.
+      #
+      # @return [String] sanitised frequency text.
+      def sanitized_frequency
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_frequency
+      end
+
+      # Build the configuration hash exposed to the frontend application.
+      #
+      # @return [Hash] JSON serialisable configuration payload.
+      def frontend_app_config
+        {
+          refreshIntervalSeconds: PotatoMesh::Config.refresh_interval_seconds,
+          refreshMs: PotatoMesh::Config.refresh_interval_seconds * 1000,
+          chatEnabled: !private_mode?,
+          channel: sanitized_channel,
+          frequency: sanitized_frequency,
+          contactLink: sanitized_contact_link,
+          contactLinkUrl: sanitized_contact_link_url,
+          mapCenter: {
+            lat: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lat,
+            lon: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lon,
+          },
+          maxDistanceKm: PotatoMesh::Config.max_distance_km,
+          tileFilters: PotatoMesh::Config.tile_filters,
+          instanceDomain: app_constant(:INSTANCE_DOMAIN),
+        }
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the configured contact link or nil when unset.
+      #
+      # @return [String, nil] contact link identifier.
+      def sanitized_contact_link
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_contact_link
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the hyperlink derived from the configured contact link.
+      #
+      # @return [String, nil] hyperlink pointing to the community chat.
+      def sanitized_contact_link_url
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_contact_link_url
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the configured maximum node distance in kilometres.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric, nil] maximum distance or nil if disabled.
+      def sanitized_max_distance_km
+        PotatoMesh::Sanitizer.sanitized_max_distance_km
+      end
+
+      # Format a kilometre value for human readable output.
+      #
+      # @param distance [Numeric] distance in kilometres.
+      # @return [String] formatted distance value.
+      def formatted_distance_km(distance)
+        PotatoMesh::Meta.formatted_distance_km(distance)
+      end
+
+      # Generate the meta description used in SEO tags.
+      #
+      # @return [String] combined descriptive sentence.
+      def meta_description
+        PotatoMesh::Meta.description(private_mode: private_mode?)
+      end
+
+      # Generate the structured meta configuration for the UI.
+      #
+      # @return [Hash] frozen configuration metadata.
+      def meta_configuration
+        PotatoMesh::Meta.configuration(private_mode: private_mode?)
+      end
+
+      # Coerce an arbitrary value into an integer when possible.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] user supplied value.
+      # @return [Integer, nil] parsed integer or nil when invalid.
+      def coerce_integer(value)
+        case value
+        when Integer
+          value
+        when Float
+          value.finite? ? value.to_i : nil
+        when Numeric
+          value.to_i
+        when String
+          trimmed = value.strip
+          return nil if trimmed.empty?
+          return trimmed.to_i(16) if trimmed.match?(/\A0[xX][0-9A-Fa-f]+\z/)
+          return trimmed.to_i(10) if trimmed.match?(/\A-?\d+\z/)
+          begin
+            float_val = Float(trimmed)
+            float_val.finite? ? float_val.to_i : nil
+          rescue ArgumentError
+            nil
+          end
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Coerce an arbitrary value into a floating point number when possible.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] user supplied value.
+      # @return [Float, nil] parsed float or nil when invalid.
+      def coerce_float(value)
+        case value
+        when Float
+          value.finite? ? value : nil
+        when Integer
+          value.to_f
+        when Numeric
+          value.to_f
+        when String
+          trimmed = value.strip
+          return nil if trimmed.empty?
+          begin
+            float_val = Float(trimmed)
+            float_val.finite? ? float_val : nil
+          rescue ArgumentError
+            nil
+          end
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Coerce an arbitrary value into a boolean according to common truthy
+      # conventions.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] user supplied value.
+      # @return [Boolean, nil] boolean interpretation or nil when unknown.
+      def coerce_boolean(value)
+        case value
+        when true, false
+          value
+        when String
+          trimmed = value.strip.downcase
+          return true if %w[true 1 yes y].include?(trimmed)
+          return false if %w[false 0 no n].include?(trimmed)
+          nil
+        when Numeric
+          !value.to_i.zero?
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Normalise PEM encoded public key content into LF line endings.
+      #
+      # @param value [String, #to_s, nil] raw PEM content.
+      # @return [String, nil] cleaned PEM string or nil when blank.
+      def sanitize_public_key_pem(value)
+        return nil if value.nil?
+
+        pem = value.is_a?(String) ? value : value.to_s
+        pem = pem.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")
+        return nil if pem.strip.empty?
+
+        pem
+      end
+
+      # Recursively coerce hash keys to strings and normalise nested arrays.
+      #
+      # @param value [Object] JSON compatible value.
+      # @return [Object] structure with canonical string keys.
+      def normalize_json_value(value)
+        case value
+        when Hash
+          value.each_with_object({}) do |(key, val), memo|
+            memo[key.to_s] = normalize_json_value(val)
+          end
+        when Array
+          value.map { |element| normalize_json_value(element) }
+        else
+          value
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Parse JSON payloads or hashes into normalised hashes with string keys.
+      #
+      # @param value [Hash, String, nil] raw JSON object or string representation.
+      # @return [Hash, nil] canonicalised hash or nil when parsing fails.
+      def normalize_json_object(value)
+        case value
+        when Hash
+          normalize_json_value(value)
+        when String
+          trimmed = value.strip
+          return nil if trimmed.empty?
+          begin
+            parsed = JSON.parse(trimmed)
+          rescue JSON::ParserError
+            return nil
+          end
+          parsed.is_a?(Hash) ? normalize_json_value(parsed) : nil
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Emit a structured debug log entry tagged with the calling context.
+      #
+      # @param message [String] text to emit.
+      # @param context [String] logical source of the message.
+      # @param metadata [Hash] additional structured key/value data.
+      # @return [void]
+      def debug_log(message, context: "app", **metadata)
+        logger = PotatoMesh::Logging.logger_for(self)
+        PotatoMesh::Logging.log(logger, :debug, message, context: context, **metadata)
+      end
+
+      # Emit a structured warning log entry tagged with the calling context.
+      #
+      # @param message [String] text to emit.
+      # @param context [String] logical source of the message.
+      # @param metadata [Hash] additional structured key/value data.
+      # @return [void]
+      def warn_log(message, context: "app", **metadata)
+        logger = PotatoMesh::Logging.logger_for(self)
+        PotatoMesh::Logging.log(logger, :warn, message, context: context, **metadata)
+      end
+
+      # Indicate whether private mode has been requested.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true when PRIVATE=1.
+      def private_mode?
+        ENV["PRIVATE"] == "1"
+      end
+
+      # Identify whether the Rack environment corresponds to the test suite.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true when RACK_ENV is "test".
+      def test_environment?
+        ENV["RACK_ENV"] == "test"
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether federation features should be active.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true when federation configuration allows it.
+      def federation_enabled?
+        ENV.fetch("FEDERATION", "1") != "0" && !private_mode?
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether federation announcements should run asynchronously.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true when announcements are enabled.
+      def federation_announcements_active?
+        federation_enabled? && !test_environment?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Identity
+      # Resolve the current application version string using git metadata when available.
+      #
+      # @return [String] semantic version compatible identifier.
+      def determine_app_version
+        repo_root = locate_git_repo_root(File.expand_path("../../..", __dir__))
+        return PotatoMesh::Config.version_fallback unless repo_root
+
+        stdout, status = Open3.capture2("git", "-C", repo_root, "describe", "--tags", "--long", "--abbrev=7")
+        return PotatoMesh::Config.version_fallback unless status.success?
+
+        raw = stdout.strip
+        return PotatoMesh::Config.version_fallback if raw.empty?
+
+        match = /\A(?<tag>.+)-(?<count>\d+)-g(?<hash>[0-9a-f]+)\z/.match(raw)
+        return raw unless match
+
+        tag = match[:tag]
+        count = match[:count].to_i
+        hash = match[:hash]
+        return tag if count.zero?
+
+        "#{tag}+#{count}-#{hash}"
+      rescue StandardError
+        PotatoMesh::Config.version_fallback
+      end
+
+      # Discover the root directory of the git repository containing the
+      # application by traversing parent directories until a ``.git`` entry is
+      # located. This supports both traditional repositories where ``.git`` is a
+      # directory and worktree checkouts where it is a plain file.
+      #
+      # @param start_dir [String] absolute path where the search should begin.
+      # @return [String, nil] absolute path to the repository root when found,
+      #   otherwise ``nil``.
+      def locate_git_repo_root(start_dir)
+        current = File.expand_path(start_dir)
+        loop do
+          git_entry = File.join(current, ".git")
+          return current if File.exist?(git_entry)
+
+          parent = File.dirname(current)
+          break if parent == current
+
+          current = parent
+        end
+
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Load the persisted instance private key or generate a new one when absent.
+      #
+      # @return [Array<OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, Boolean>] tuple of key and generation flag.
+      def load_or_generate_instance_private_key
+        keyfile_path = PotatoMesh::Config.keyfile_path
+        migrate_legacy_keyfile_for_identity!(keyfile_path)
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(keyfile_path))
+        if File.exist?(keyfile_path)
+          contents = File.binread(keyfile_path)
+          return [OpenSSL::PKey.read(contents), false]
+        end
+
+        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
+        File.open(keyfile_path, File::WRONLY | File::CREAT | File::TRUNC, 0o600) do |file|
+          file.write(key.export)
+        end
+        [key, true]
+      rescue OpenSSL::PKey::PKeyError, ArgumentError => e
+        warn_log(
+          "Failed to load instance private key",
+          context: "identity.keys",
+          error_class: e.class.name,
+          error_message: e.message,
+        )
+        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
+        File.open(keyfile_path, File::WRONLY | File::CREAT | File::TRUNC, 0o600) do |file|
+          file.write(key.export)
+        end
+        [key, true]
+      end
+
+      # Migrate an existing legacy keyfile into the configured destination.
+      #
+      # @param destination_path [String] absolute path where the keyfile should reside.
+      # @return [void]
+      def migrate_legacy_keyfile_for_identity!(destination_path)
+        return if File.exist?(destination_path)
+
+        PotatoMesh::Config.legacy_keyfile_candidates.each do |candidate|
+          next unless File.exist?(candidate)
+          next if candidate == destination_path
+
+          begin
+            FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(destination_path))
+            FileUtils.cp(candidate, destination_path)
+            File.chmod(0o600, destination_path)
+
+            debug_log(
+              "Migrated legacy keyfile to XDG directory",
+              context: "identity.keys",
+              source: candidate,
+              destination: destination_path,
+            )
+          rescue SystemCallError => e
+            warn_log(
+              "Failed to migrate legacy keyfile",
+              context: "identity.keys",
+              source: candidate,
+              destination: destination_path,
+              error_class: e.class.name,
+              error_message: e.message,
+            )
+            next
+          end
+
+          break
+        end
+      end
+
+      private :migrate_legacy_keyfile_for_identity!, :locate_git_repo_root
+
+      # Return the directory used to store well-known documents.
+      #
+      # @return [String] absolute path to the staging directory.
+      def well_known_directory
+        PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_storage_root
+      end
+
+      # Determine the absolute path to the well-known document file.
+      #
+      # @return [String] filesystem path for the JSON document.
+      def well_known_file_path
+        File.join(
+          well_known_directory,
+          File.basename(PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_relative_path),
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Remove legacy well-known artifacts from previous releases.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def cleanup_legacy_well_known_artifacts
+        legacy_path = PotatoMesh::Config.legacy_public_well_known_path
+        FileUtils.rm_f(legacy_path)
+        legacy_dir = File.dirname(legacy_path)
+        FileUtils.rmdir(legacy_dir) if Dir.exist?(legacy_dir) && Dir.empty?(legacy_dir)
+      rescue SystemCallError
+        # Ignore errors removing legacy static files; failure only means the directory
+        # or file did not exist or is in use.
+      end
+
+      # Construct the JSON body and detached signature for the well-known document.
+      #
+      # @return [Array(String, String)] pair of JSON output and base64 signature.
+      def build_well_known_document
+        last_update = latest_node_update_timestamp
+        payload = {
+          publicKey: app_constant(:INSTANCE_PUBLIC_KEY_PEM),
+          name: sanitized_site_name,
+          version: app_constant(:APP_VERSION),
+          domain: app_constant(:INSTANCE_DOMAIN),
+          lastUpdate: last_update,
+        }
+
+        signed_payload = JSON.generate(payload, sort_keys: true)
+        signature = Base64.strict_encode64(
+          app_constant(:INSTANCE_PRIVATE_KEY).sign(OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new, signed_payload),
+        )
+
+        document = payload.merge(
+          signature: signature,
+          signatureAlgorithm: PotatoMesh::Config.instance_signature_algorithm,
+          signedPayload: Base64.strict_encode64(signed_payload),
+        )
+
+        json_output = JSON.pretty_generate(document)
+        [json_output, signature]
+      end
+
+      # Regenerate the well-known document when the on-disk copy is stale.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def refresh_well_known_document_if_stale
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(well_known_directory)
+        path = well_known_file_path
+        now = Time.now
+        if File.exist?(path)
+          mtime = File.mtime(path)
+          if (now - mtime) < PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_refresh_interval
+            return
+          end
+        end
+
+        json_output, signature = build_well_known_document
+        File.open(path, File::WRONLY | File::CREAT | File::TRUNC, 0o644) do |file|
+          file.write(json_output)
+          file.write("\n") unless json_output.end_with?("\n")
+        end
+
+        debug_log(
+          "Refreshed well-known document content",
+          context: "identity.well_known",
+          path: PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_relative_path,
+          bytes: json_output.bytesize,
+          document: json_output,
+        )
+        debug_log(
+          "Refreshed well-known document signature",
+          context: "identity.well_known",
+          path: PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_relative_path,
+          algorithm: PotatoMesh::Config.instance_signature_algorithm,
+          signature: signature,
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Retrieve the latest node update timestamp from the database.
+      #
+      # @return [Integer, nil] Unix timestamp or nil when unavailable.
+      def latest_node_update_timestamp
+        return nil unless File.exist?(PotatoMesh::Config.db_path)
+
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        value = db.get_first_value(
+          "SELECT MAX(COALESCE(last_heard, first_heard, position_time)) FROM nodes",
+        )
+        value&.to_i
+      rescue SQLite3::Exception
+        nil
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      # Emit a debug entry describing the active instance key material.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def log_instance_public_key
+        debug_log(
+          "Loaded instance public key",
+          context: "identity.keys",
+          public_key_pem: app_constant(:INSTANCE_PUBLIC_KEY_PEM),
+        )
+        if app_constant(:INSTANCE_KEY_GENERATED)
+          debug_log(
+            "Generated new instance private key",
+            context: "identity.keys",
+            path: PotatoMesh::Config.keyfile_path,
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Emit a debug entry describing how the instance domain was derived.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def log_instance_domain_resolution
+        source = app_constant(:INSTANCE_DOMAIN_SOURCE) || :unknown
+        debug_log(
+          "Resolved instance domain",
+          context: "identity.domain",
+          source: source,
+          domain: app_constant(:INSTANCE_DOMAIN),
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Networking
+      # Normalise the configured instance domain by stripping schemes and verifying structure.
+      #
+      # @param raw [String, nil] environment supplied domain or URL.
+      # @return [String, nil] canonicalised hostname with optional port.
+      def canonicalize_configured_instance_domain(raw)
+        return nil if raw.nil?
+
+        trimmed = raw.to_s.strip
+        return nil if trimmed.empty?
+
+        candidate = trimmed
+
+        if candidate.include?("://")
+          begin
+            uri = URI.parse(candidate)
+          rescue URI::InvalidURIError => e
+            raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN must be a valid hostname or URL, but parsing #{candidate.inspect} failed: #{e.message}"
+          end
+
+          unless uri.host
+            raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN URL must include a hostname: #{candidate.inspect}"
+          end
+
+          if uri.userinfo
+            raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN URL must not include credentials: #{candidate.inspect}"
+          end
+
+          if uri.path && !uri.path.empty? && uri.path != "/"
+            raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN URL must not include a path component: #{candidate.inspect}"
+          end
+
+          if uri.query || uri.fragment
+            raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN URL must not include query or fragment data: #{candidate.inspect}"
+          end
+
+          hostname = uri.hostname
+          unless hostname
+            raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN URL must include a hostname: #{candidate.inspect}"
+          end
+
+          ip_host = ipv6_literal?(hostname)
+          candidate_host = ip_host ? "[#{ip_host}]" : hostname
+          candidate = candidate_host
+          port = uri.port
+          candidate = "#{candidate_host}:#{port}" if port_required?(uri, trimmed)
+        end
+
+        sanitized = sanitize_instance_domain(candidate)
+        unless sanitized
+          raise "INSTANCE_DOMAIN must be a bare hostname (optionally with a port) without schemes or paths: #{raw.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        ensure_ipv6_instance_domain(sanitized).downcase
+      end
+
+      # Resolve the best domain for the running instance using configuration and network discovery.
+      #
+      # @return [Array(String, Symbol)] tuple containing the domain and the discovery source.
+      def determine_instance_domain
+        raw = ENV["INSTANCE_DOMAIN"]
+        if raw
+          canonical = canonicalize_configured_instance_domain(raw)
+          return [canonical, :environment] if canonical
+        end
+
+        reverse = sanitize_instance_domain(reverse_dns_domain)
+        return [reverse, :reverse_dns] if reverse
+
+        public_ip = discover_public_ip_address
+        return [public_ip, :public_ip] if public_ip
+
+        protected_ip = discover_protected_ip_address
+        return [protected_ip, :protected_ip] if protected_ip
+
+        [discover_local_ip_address, :local_ip]
+      end
+
+      # Attempt to determine the reverse DNS hostname for the local machine.
+      #
+      # @return [String, nil] resolved hostname or nil when unavailable.
+      def reverse_dns_domain
+        Socket.ip_address_list.each do |address|
+          next unless address.respond_to?(:ip?) && address.ip?
+
+          loopback =
+            (address.respond_to?(:ipv4_loopback?) && address.ipv4_loopback?) ||
+            (address.respond_to?(:ipv6_loopback?) && address.ipv6_loopback?)
+          next if loopback
+
+          link_local =
+            address.respond_to?(:ipv6_linklocal?) && address.ipv6_linklocal?
+          next if link_local
+
+          ip = address.ip_address
+          next if ip.nil? || ip.empty?
+
+          begin
+            hostname = Resolv.getname(ip)
+            trimmed = hostname&.strip
+            return trimmed unless trimmed.nil? || trimmed.empty?
+          rescue Resolv::ResolvError, Resolv::ResolvTimeout, SocketError
+            next
+          end
+        end
+
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Identify the first public IP address of the current host.
+      #
+      # @return [String, nil] public IP address string or nil.
+      def discover_public_ip_address
+        address = ip_address_candidates.find { |candidate| public_ip_address?(candidate) }
+        address&.ip_address
+      end
+
+      # Identify a private yet non-loopback IP address suitable for protected networks.
+      #
+      # @return [String, nil] protected network address or nil.
+      def discover_protected_ip_address
+        address = ip_address_candidates.find { |candidate| protected_ip_address?(candidate) }
+        address&.ip_address
+      end
+
+      # Collect viable socket addresses for evaluation.
+      #
+      # @return [Array<#ip?>] list of socket addresses supporting IP queries.
+      def ip_address_candidates
+        Socket.ip_address_list.select { |addr| addr.respond_to?(:ip?) && addr.ip? }
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether a socket address represents a public IP.
+      #
+      # @param addr [Addrinfo] candidate socket address.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the address is publicly routable.
+      def public_ip_address?(addr)
+        ip = ipaddr_from(addr)
+        return false unless ip
+        return false if loopback_address?(addr, ip)
+        return false if link_local_address?(addr, ip)
+        return false if private_address?(addr, ip)
+        return false if unspecified_address?(ip)
+
+        true
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether a socket address resides on a protected private network.
+      #
+      # @param addr [Addrinfo] candidate socket address.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the address is private but not loopback/link-local.
+      def protected_ip_address?(addr)
+        ip = ipaddr_from(addr)
+        return false unless ip
+        return false if loopback_address?(addr, ip)
+        return false if link_local_address?(addr, ip)
+
+        private_address?(addr, ip)
+      end
+
+      # Parse an IP address from the provided socket address.
+      #
+      # @param addr [Addrinfo] socket address to examine.
+      # @return [IPAddr, nil] parsed IP or nil when invalid.
+      def ipaddr_from(addr)
+        ip = addr.ip_address
+        return nil if ip.nil? || ip.empty?
+
+        IPAddr.new(ip)
+      rescue IPAddr::InvalidAddressError
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether a socket address is loopback.
+      #
+      # @param addr [Addrinfo] socket address to inspect.
+      # @param ip [IPAddr] parsed IP representation of the address.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the address is loopback.
+      def loopback_address?(addr, ip)
+        (addr.respond_to?(:ipv4_loopback?) && addr.ipv4_loopback?) ||
+          (addr.respond_to?(:ipv6_loopback?) && addr.ipv6_loopback?) ||
+          ip.loopback?
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether a socket address is link-local.
+      #
+      # @param addr [Addrinfo] socket address to inspect.
+      # @param ip [IPAddr] parsed IP representation of the address.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the address is link-local.
+      def link_local_address?(addr, ip)
+        (addr.respond_to?(:ipv6_linklocal?) && addr.ipv6_linklocal?) ||
+          (ip.respond_to?(:link_local?) && ip.link_local?)
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether a socket address is private.
+      #
+      # @param addr [Addrinfo] socket address to inspect.
+      # @param ip [IPAddr] parsed IP representation of the address.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the address is private.
+      def private_address?(addr, ip)
+        if addr.respond_to?(:ipv4?) && addr.ipv4? && addr.respond_to?(:ipv4_private?)
+          addr.ipv4_private?
+        else
+          ip.private?
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Identify unspecified IP addresses.
+      #
+      # @param ip [IPAddr] parsed IP.
+      # @return [Boolean] true for unspecified addresses (0.0.0.0 / ::).
+      def unspecified_address?(ip)
+        (ip.ipv4? || ip.ipv6?) && ip.to_i.zero?
+      end
+
+      # Choose the most appropriate local IP address for the instance domain.
+      #
+      # @return [String] selected IP address string.
+      def discover_local_ip_address
+        candidates = ip_address_candidates
+
+        ipv4 = candidates.find do |addr|
+          addr.respond_to?(:ipv4?) && addr.ipv4? && !(addr.respond_to?(:ipv4_loopback?) && addr.ipv4_loopback?)
+        end
+        return ipv4.ip_address if ipv4
+
+        non_loopback = candidates.find do |addr|
+          !(addr.respond_to?(:ipv4_loopback?) && addr.ipv4_loopback?) &&
+            !(addr.respond_to?(:ipv6_loopback?) && addr.ipv6_loopback?)
+        end
+        return non_loopback.ip_address if non_loopback
+
+        loopback = candidates.find do |addr|
+          (addr.respond_to?(:ipv4_loopback?) && addr.ipv4_loopback?) ||
+            (addr.respond_to?(:ipv6_loopback?) && addr.ipv6_loopback?)
+        end
+        return loopback.ip_address if loopback
+
+        "127.0.0.1"
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether an IP should be restricted from exposure.
+      #
+      # @param ip [IPAddr] candidate IP address.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the IP should not be exposed.
+      def restricted_ip_address?(ip)
+        return true if ip.loopback?
+        return true if ip.private?
+        return true if ip.link_local?
+        return true if ip.to_i.zero?
+
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Normalize IPv6 instance domains so that they remain bracketed and URI-compatible.
+      #
+      # @param domain [String] sanitized hostname optionally including a port suffix.
+      # @return [String] domain with IPv6 literals wrapped in brackets when necessary.
+      def ensure_ipv6_instance_domain(domain)
+        bracketed_match = domain.match(/\A\[(?<host>[^\]]+)\](?::(?<port>\d+))?\z/)
+        if bracketed_match
+          host = bracketed_match[:host]
+          port = bracketed_match[:port]
+          ipv6 = ipv6_literal?(host)
+          if ipv6
+            return "[#{ipv6}]#{port ? ":#{port}" : ""}"
+          end
+
+          return domain
+        end
+
+        host_candidate = domain
+        port_candidate = nil
+        split_host, separator, split_port = domain.rpartition(":")
+        if !separator.empty? && split_port.match?(/\A\d+\z/) && !split_host.empty? && !split_host.end_with?(":")
+          host_candidate = split_host
+          port_candidate = split_port
+        end
+
+        if port_candidate
+          ipv6_host = ipv6_literal?(host_candidate)
+          return "[#{ipv6_host}]:#{port_candidate}" if ipv6_host
+
+          host_candidate = domain
+          port_candidate = nil
+        end
+
+        ipv6 = ipv6_literal?(host_candidate)
+        return "[#{ipv6}]" if ipv6
+
+        domain
+      end
+
+      # Parse an IPv6 literal and return its canonical representation when valid.
+      #
+      # @param candidate [String] potential IPv6 literal.
+      # @return [String, nil] normalized IPv6 literal or nil when the candidate is not IPv6.
+      def ipv6_literal?(candidate)
+        IPAddr.new(candidate).yield_self do |ip|
+          return ip.ipv6? ? ip.to_s : nil
+        end
+      rescue IPAddr::InvalidAddressError
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether a URI's port should be included in the canonicalized domain.
+      #
+      # @param uri [URI::Generic] parsed URI for the instance domain.
+      # @param raw [String] original sanitized input string.
+      # @return [Boolean] true when the port must be preserved.
+      def port_required?(uri, raw)
+        port = uri.port
+        return false unless port
+
+        return true unless uri.respond_to?(:default_port) && uri.default_port && port == uri.default_port
+
+        raw_port_fragment = ":#{port}"
+        sanitized_raw = raw.strip
+        sanitized_raw.end_with?(raw_port_fragment)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Prometheus
+      MESSAGES_TOTAL = ::Prometheus::Client::Counter.new(
+        :meshtastic_messages_total,
+        docstring: "Total number of messages received",
+      )
+
+      NODES_GAUGE = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_nodes,
+        docstring: "Number of nodes tracked",
+      )
+
+      NODE_GAUGE = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node,
+        docstring: "Presence of a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: %i[node short_name long_name hw_model role],
+      )
+
+      NODE_BATTERY_LEVEL = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_battery_level,
+        docstring: "Battery level of a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_VOLTAGE = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_voltage,
+        docstring: "Battery voltage of a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_UPTIME = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_uptime_seconds,
+        docstring: "Uptime reported by a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_CHANNEL_UTIL = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_channel_utilization,
+        docstring: "Channel utilization reported by a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_AIR_UTIL_TX = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_transmit_air_utilization,
+        docstring: "Transmit air utilization reported by a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_LATITUDE = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_latitude,
+        docstring: "Latitude of a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_LONGITUDE = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_longitude,
+        docstring: "Longitude of a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      NODE_ALTITUDE = ::Prometheus::Client::Gauge.new(
+        :meshtastic_node_altitude,
+        docstring: "Altitude of a Meshtastic node",
+        labels: [:node],
+      )
+
+      METRICS = [
+        MESSAGES_TOTAL,
+        NODES_GAUGE,
+        NODE_GAUGE,
+        NODE_BATTERY_LEVEL,
+        NODE_VOLTAGE,
+        NODE_UPTIME,
+        NODE_CHANNEL_UTIL,
+        NODE_AIR_UTIL_TX,
+        NODE_LATITUDE,
+        NODE_LONGITUDE,
+        NODE_ALTITUDE,
+      ].freeze
+
+      METRICS.each do |metric|
+        ::Prometheus::Client.registry.register(metric)
+      rescue ::Prometheus::Client::Registry::AlreadyRegisteredError
+        # Ignore duplicate registrations when the code is reloaded.
+      end
+
+      def update_prometheus_metrics(node_id, user = nil, role = "", met = nil, pos = nil)
+        ids = prom_report_ids
+        return if ids.empty? || !node_id
+
+        return unless ids[0] == "*" || ids.include?(node_id)
+
+        if user && user.is_a?(Hash) && role && role != ""
+          NODE_GAUGE.set(
+            1,
+            labels: {
+              node: node_id,
+              short_name: user["shortName"],
+              long_name: user["longName"],
+              hw_model: user["hwModel"],
+              role: role,
+            },
+          )
+        end
+
+        if met && met.is_a?(Hash)
+          if met["batteryLevel"]
+            NODE_BATTERY_LEVEL.set(met["batteryLevel"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+
+          if met["voltage"]
+            NODE_VOLTAGE.set(met["voltage"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+
+          if met["uptimeSeconds"]
+            NODE_UPTIME.set(met["uptimeSeconds"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+
+          if met["channelUtilization"]
+            NODE_CHANNEL_UTIL.set(met["channelUtilization"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+
+          if met["airUtilTx"]
+            NODE_AIR_UTIL_TX.set(met["airUtilTx"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+        end
+
+        if pos && pos.is_a?(Hash)
+          if pos["latitude"]
+            NODE_LATITUDE.set(pos["latitude"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+
+          if pos["longitude"]
+            NODE_LONGITUDE.set(pos["longitude"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+
+          if pos["altitude"]
+            NODE_ALTITUDE.set(pos["altitude"], labels: { node: node_id })
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def update_all_prometheus_metrics_from_nodes
+        nodes = query_nodes(1000)
+
+        NODES_GAUGE.set(nodes.size)
+
+        ids = prom_report_ids
+        unless ids.empty?
+          nodes.each do |n|
+            node_id = n["node_id"]
+
+            next if ids[0] != "*" && !ids.include?(node_id)
+
+            update_prometheus_metrics(
+              node_id,
+              {
+                "shortName" => n["short_name"] || "",
+                "longName" => n["long_name"] || "",
+                "hwModel" => n["hw_model"] || "",
+              },
+              n["role"] || "",
+              {
+                "batteryLevel" => n["battery_level"],
+                "voltage" => n["voltage"],
+                "uptimeSeconds" => n["uptime_seconds"],
+                "channelUtilization" => n["channel_utilization"],
+                "airUtilTx" => n["air_util_tx"],
+              },
+              {
+                "latitude" => n["latitude"],
+                "longitude" => n["longitude"],
+                "altitude" => n["altitude"],
+              },
+            )
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Queries
+      MAX_QUERY_LIMIT = 1000
+
+      # Normalise a caller-provided limit to a sane, positive integer.
+      #
+      # @param limit [Object] value coerced to an integer.
+      # @param default [Integer] fallback used when coercion fails.
+      # @return [Integer] limit clamped between 1 and MAX_QUERY_LIMIT.
+      def coerce_query_limit(limit, default: 200)
+        coerced = begin
+            if limit.is_a?(Integer)
+              limit
+            else
+              Integer(limit, 10)
+            end
+          rescue ArgumentError, TypeError
+            nil
+          end
+
+        coerced = default if coerced.nil? || coerced <= 0
+        coerced = MAX_QUERY_LIMIT if coerced > MAX_QUERY_LIMIT
+        coerced
+      end
+
+      def node_reference_tokens(node_ref)
+        parts = canonical_node_parts(node_ref)
+        canonical_id, numeric_id = parts ? parts[0, 2] : [nil, nil]
+
+        string_values = []
+        numeric_values = []
+
+        case node_ref
+        when Integer
+          numeric_values << node_ref
+          string_values << node_ref.to_s
+        when Numeric
+          coerced = node_ref.to_i
+          numeric_values << coerced
+          string_values << coerced.to_s
+        when String
+          trimmed = node_ref.strip
+          unless trimmed.empty?
+            string_values << trimmed
+            numeric_values << trimmed.to_i if trimmed.match?(/\A-?\d+\z/)
+          end
+        when nil
+          # no-op
+        else
+          coerced = node_ref.to_s.strip
+          string_values << coerced unless coerced.empty?
+        end
+
+        if canonical_id
+          string_values << canonical_id
+          string_values << canonical_id.upcase
+        end
+
+        if numeric_id
+          numeric_values << numeric_id
+          string_values << numeric_id.to_s
+        end
+
+        cleaned_strings = string_values.compact.map(&:to_s).map(&:strip).reject(&:empty?).uniq
+        cleaned_numbers = numeric_values.compact.map do |value|
+          begin
+            Integer(value, 10)
+          rescue ArgumentError, TypeError
+            nil
+          end
+        end.compact.uniq
+
+        {
+          string_values: cleaned_strings,
+          numeric_values: cleaned_numbers,
+        }
+      end
+
+      def node_lookup_clause(node_ref, string_columns:, numeric_columns: [])
+        tokens = node_reference_tokens(node_ref)
+        string_values = tokens[:string_values]
+        numeric_values = tokens[:numeric_values]
+
+        clauses = []
+        params = []
+
+        unless string_columns.empty? || string_values.empty?
+          string_columns.each do |column|
+            placeholders = Array.new(string_values.length, "?").join(", ")
+            clauses << "#{column} IN (#{placeholders})"
+            params.concat(string_values)
+          end
+        end
+
+        unless numeric_columns.empty? || numeric_values.empty?
+          numeric_columns.each do |column|
+            placeholders = Array.new(numeric_values.length, "?").join(", ")
+            clauses << "#{column} IN (#{placeholders})"
+            params.concat(numeric_values)
+          end
+        end
+
+        return nil if clauses.empty?
+
+        ["(#{clauses.join(" OR ")})", params]
+      end
+
+      def query_nodes(limit, node_ref: nil)
+        limit = coerce_query_limit(limit)
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        db.results_as_hash = true
+        now = Time.now.to_i
+        min_last_heard = now - PotatoMesh::Config.week_seconds
+        params = []
+        where_clauses = []
+
+        if node_ref
+          clause = node_lookup_clause(node_ref, string_columns: ["node_id"], numeric_columns: ["num"])
+          return [] unless clause
+          where_clauses << clause.first
+          params.concat(clause.last)
+        else
+          where_clauses << "last_heard >= ?"
+          params << min_last_heard
+        end
+
+        if private_mode?
+          where_clauses << "(role IS NULL OR role <> 'CLIENT_HIDDEN')"
+        end
+
+        sql = <<~SQL
+          SELECT node_id, short_name, long_name, hw_model, role, snr,
+                 battery_level, voltage, last_heard, first_heard,
+                 uptime_seconds, channel_utilization, air_util_tx,
+                 position_time, location_source, precision_bits,
+                 latitude, longitude, altitude, lora_freq, modem_preset
+          FROM nodes
+        SQL
+        sql += "    WHERE #{where_clauses.join(" AND ")}\n" if where_clauses.any?
+        sql += <<~SQL
+          ORDER BY last_heard DESC
+          LIMIT ?
+        SQL
+        params << limit
+
+        rows = db.execute(sql, params)
+        rows = rows.select do |r|
+          last_candidate = [r["last_heard"], r["position_time"], r["first_heard"]]
+            .map { |value| coerce_integer(value) }
+            .compact
+            .max
+          last_candidate && last_candidate >= min_last_heard
+        end
+        rows.each do |r|
+          r["role"] ||= "CLIENT"
+          lh = r["last_heard"]&.to_i
+          pt = r["position_time"]&.to_i
+          lh = now if lh && lh > now
+          pt = nil if pt && pt > now
+          r["last_heard"] = lh
+          r["position_time"] = pt
+          r["last_seen_iso"] = Time.at(lh).utc.iso8601 if lh
+          r["pos_time_iso"] = Time.at(pt).utc.iso8601 if pt
+          pb = r["precision_bits"]
+          r["precision_bits"] = pb.to_i if pb
+        end
+        rows
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      def query_messages(limit, node_ref: nil)
+        limit = coerce_query_limit(limit)
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        db.results_as_hash = true
+        params = []
+        where_clauses = ["COALESCE(TRIM(m.encrypted), '') = ''"]
+        now = Time.now.to_i
+        min_rx_time = now - PotatoMesh::Config.week_seconds
+        where_clauses << "m.rx_time >= ?"
+        params << min_rx_time
+
+        if node_ref
+          clause = node_lookup_clause(node_ref, string_columns: ["m.from_id", "m.to_id"])
+          return [] unless clause
+          where_clauses << clause.first
+          params.concat(clause.last)
+        end
+
+        sql = <<~SQL
+          SELECT m.id, m.rx_time, m.rx_iso, m.from_id, m.to_id, m.channel,
+                 m.portnum, m.text, m.encrypted, m.rssi, m.hop_limit,
+                 m.lora_freq AS msg_lora_freq, m.modem_preset AS msg_modem_preset,
+                 m.channel_name AS msg_channel_name, m.snr AS msg_snr,
+                 n.node_id AS node_node_id, n.num AS node_num,
+                 n.short_name AS node_short_name, n.long_name AS node_long_name,
+                 n.macaddr AS node_macaddr, n.hw_model AS node_hw_model,
+                 n.role AS node_role, n.public_key AS node_public_key,
+                 n.is_unmessagable AS node_is_unmessagable,
+                 n.is_favorite AS node_is_favorite,
+                 n.hops_away AS node_hops_away, n.snr AS node_snr,
+                 n.last_heard AS node_last_heard, n.first_heard AS node_first_heard,
+                 n.battery_level AS node_battery_level, n.voltage AS node_voltage,
+                 n.channel_utilization AS node_channel_utilization,
+                 n.air_util_tx AS node_air_util_tx,
+                 n.uptime_seconds AS node_uptime_seconds,
+                 n.position_time AS node_position_time,
+                 n.location_source AS node_location_source,
+                 n.precision_bits AS node_precision_bits,
+                 n.latitude AS node_latitude, n.longitude AS node_longitude,
+                 n.altitude AS node_altitude,
+                 n.lora_freq AS node_lora_freq, n.modem_preset AS node_modem_preset
+          FROM messages m
+          LEFT JOIN nodes n ON (
+            m.from_id IS NOT NULL AND TRIM(m.from_id) <> '' AND (
+              m.from_id = n.node_id OR (
+                m.from_id GLOB '[0-9]*' AND CAST(m.from_id AS INTEGER) = n.num
+              )
+            )
+          )
+        SQL
+        sql += "    WHERE #{where_clauses.join(" AND ")}\n"
+        sql += <<~SQL
+          ORDER BY m.rx_time DESC
+          LIMIT ?
+        SQL
+        params << limit
+        rows = db.execute(sql, params)
+        rows.each do |r|
+          r.delete_if { |key, _| key.is_a?(Integer) }
+          r["lora_freq"] = r.delete("msg_lora_freq")
+          r["modem_preset"] = r.delete("msg_modem_preset")
+          r["channel_name"] = r.delete("msg_channel_name")
+          snr_value = r.delete("msg_snr")
+          if PotatoMesh::Config.debug? && (r["from_id"].nil? || r["from_id"].to_s.empty?)
+            raw = db.execute("SELECT * FROM messages WHERE id = ?", [r["id"]]).first
+            debug_log(
+              "Message join produced empty sender",
+              context: "queries.messages",
+              stage: "before_join",
+              row: raw,
+            )
+            debug_log(
+              "Message join produced empty sender",
+              context: "queries.messages",
+              stage: "after_join",
+              row: r,
+            )
+          end
+          node = {}
+          r.keys.grep(/^node_/).each do |k|
+            attribute = k.delete_prefix("node_")
+            node[attribute] = r.delete(k)
+          end
+          r["snr"] = snr_value
+          references = [r["from_id"]].compact
+          if references.any? && (node["node_id"].nil? || node["node_id"].to_s.empty?)
+            lookup_keys = []
+            canonical = normalize_node_id(db, r["from_id"])
+            lookup_keys << canonical if canonical
+            raw_ref = r["from_id"].to_s.strip
+            lookup_keys << raw_ref unless raw_ref.empty?
+            lookup_keys << raw_ref.to_i if raw_ref.match?(/\A[0-9]+\z/)
+            fallback = nil
+            lookup_keys.uniq.each do |ref|
+              sql = ref.is_a?(Integer) ? "SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE num = ?" : "SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE node_id = ?"
+              fallback = db.get_first_row(sql, [ref])
+              break if fallback
+            end
+            if fallback
+              fallback.each do |key, value|
+                next unless key.is_a?(String)
+                node[key] = value if node[key].nil?
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          node["role"] = "CLIENT" if node.key?("role") && (node["role"].nil? || node["role"].to_s.empty?)
+          r["node"] = node
+
+          canonical_from_id = string_or_nil(node["node_id"]) || string_or_nil(normalize_node_id(db, r["from_id"]))
+          if canonical_from_id
+            raw_from_id = string_or_nil(r["from_id"])
+            if raw_from_id.nil? || raw_from_id.match?(/\A[0-9]+\z/)
+              r["from_id"] = canonical_from_id
+            elsif raw_from_id.start_with?("!") && raw_from_id.casecmp(canonical_from_id) != 0
+              r["from_id"] = canonical_from_id
+            end
+          end
+
+          if PotatoMesh::Config.debug? && (r["from_id"].nil? || r["from_id"].to_s.empty?)
+            debug_log(
+              "Message row missing sender after processing",
+              context: "queries.messages",
+              stage: "after_processing",
+              row: r,
+            )
+          end
+        end
+        rows
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      def query_positions(limit, node_ref: nil)
+        limit = coerce_query_limit(limit)
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        db.results_as_hash = true
+        params = []
+        where_clauses = []
+        now = Time.now.to_i
+        min_rx_time = now - PotatoMesh::Config.week_seconds
+        where_clauses << "COALESCE(rx_time, position_time, 0) >= ?"
+        params << min_rx_time
+
+        if node_ref
+          clause = node_lookup_clause(node_ref, string_columns: ["node_id"], numeric_columns: ["node_num"])
+          return [] unless clause
+          where_clauses << clause.first
+          params.concat(clause.last)
+        end
+
+        sql = <<~SQL
+          SELECT * FROM positions
+        SQL
+        sql += "    WHERE #{where_clauses.join(" AND ")}\n" if where_clauses.any?
+        sql += <<~SQL
+          ORDER BY rx_time DESC
+          LIMIT ?
+        SQL
+        params << limit
+        rows = db.execute(sql, params)
+        rows.each do |r|
+          rx_time = coerce_integer(r["rx_time"])
+          r["rx_time"] = rx_time if rx_time
+          r["rx_iso"] = Time.at(rx_time).utc.iso8601 if rx_time && string_or_nil(r["rx_iso"]).nil?
+
+          node_num = coerce_integer(r["node_num"])
+          r["node_num"] = node_num if node_num
+
+          position_time = coerce_integer(r["position_time"])
+          position_time = nil if position_time && position_time > now
+          r["position_time"] = position_time
+          r["position_time_iso"] = Time.at(position_time).utc.iso8601 if position_time
+
+          r["precision_bits"] = coerce_integer(r["precision_bits"])
+          r["sats_in_view"] = coerce_integer(r["sats_in_view"])
+          r["pdop"] = coerce_float(r["pdop"])
+          r["snr"] = coerce_float(r["snr"])
+        end
+        rows
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      def query_neighbors(limit, node_ref: nil)
+        limit = coerce_query_limit(limit)
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        db.results_as_hash = true
+        params = []
+        where_clauses = []
+        now = Time.now.to_i
+        min_rx_time = now - PotatoMesh::Config.week_seconds
+        where_clauses << "COALESCE(rx_time, 0) >= ?"
+        params << min_rx_time
+
+        if node_ref
+          clause = node_lookup_clause(node_ref, string_columns: ["node_id", "neighbor_id"])
+          return [] unless clause
+          where_clauses << clause.first
+          params.concat(clause.last)
+        end
+
+        sql = <<~SQL
+          SELECT * FROM neighbors
+        SQL
+        sql += "    WHERE #{where_clauses.join(" AND ")}\n" if where_clauses.any?
+        sql += <<~SQL
+          ORDER BY rx_time DESC
+          LIMIT ?
+        SQL
+        params << limit
+        rows = db.execute(sql, params)
+        rows.each do |r|
+          rx_time = coerce_integer(r["rx_time"])
+          rx_time = now if rx_time && rx_time > now
+          r["rx_time"] = rx_time if rx_time
+          r["rx_iso"] = Time.at(rx_time).utc.iso8601 if rx_time
+          r["snr"] = coerce_float(r["snr"])
+        end
+        rows
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+
+      def query_telemetry(limit, node_ref: nil)
+        limit = coerce_query_limit(limit)
+        db = open_database(readonly: true)
+        db.results_as_hash = true
+        params = []
+        where_clauses = []
+        now = Time.now.to_i
+        min_rx_time = now - PotatoMesh::Config.week_seconds
+        where_clauses << "COALESCE(rx_time, telemetry_time, 0) >= ?"
+        params << min_rx_time
+
+        if node_ref
+          clause = node_lookup_clause(node_ref, string_columns: ["node_id"], numeric_columns: ["node_num"])
+          return [] unless clause
+          where_clauses << clause.first
+          params.concat(clause.last)
+        end
+
+        sql = <<~SQL
+          SELECT * FROM telemetry
+        SQL
+        sql += "    WHERE #{where_clauses.join(" AND ")}\n" if where_clauses.any?
+        sql += <<~SQL
+          ORDER BY rx_time DESC
+          LIMIT ?
+        SQL
+        params << limit
+        rows = db.execute(sql, params)
+        rows.each do |r|
+          rx_time = coerce_integer(r["rx_time"])
+          r["rx_time"] = rx_time if rx_time
+          r["rx_iso"] = Time.at(rx_time).utc.iso8601 if rx_time && string_or_nil(r["rx_iso"]).nil?
+
+          node_num = coerce_integer(r["node_num"])
+          r["node_num"] = node_num if node_num
+
+          telemetry_time = coerce_integer(r["telemetry_time"])
+          telemetry_time = nil if telemetry_time && telemetry_time > now
+          r["telemetry_time"] = telemetry_time
+          r["telemetry_time_iso"] = Time.at(telemetry_time).utc.iso8601 if telemetry_time
+
+          r["channel"] = coerce_integer(r["channel"])
+          r["hop_limit"] = coerce_integer(r["hop_limit"])
+          r["rssi"] = coerce_integer(r["rssi"])
+          r["bitfield"] = coerce_integer(r["bitfield"])
+          r["snr"] = coerce_float(r["snr"])
+          r["battery_level"] = coerce_float(r["battery_level"])
+          r["voltage"] = coerce_float(r["voltage"])
+          r["channel_utilization"] = coerce_float(r["channel_utilization"])
+          r["air_util_tx"] = coerce_float(r["air_util_tx"])
+          r["uptime_seconds"] = coerce_integer(r["uptime_seconds"])
+          r["temperature"] = coerce_float(r["temperature"])
+          r["relative_humidity"] = coerce_float(r["relative_humidity"])
+          r["barometric_pressure"] = coerce_float(r["barometric_pressure"])
+        end
+        rows
+      ensure
+        db&.close
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Routes
+      module Api
+        def self.registered(app)
+          app.get "/version" do
+            content_type :json
+            last_update = latest_node_update_timestamp
+            payload = {
+              name: sanitized_site_name,
+              version: app_constant(:APP_VERSION),
+              lastNodeUpdate: last_update,
+              config: {
+                siteName: sanitized_site_name,
+                channel: sanitized_channel,
+                frequency: sanitized_frequency,
+                contactLink: sanitized_contact_link,
+                contactLinkUrl: sanitized_contact_link_url,
+                refreshIntervalSeconds: PotatoMesh::Config.refresh_interval_seconds,
+                mapCenter: {
+                  lat: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lat,
+                  lon: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lon,
+                },
+                maxDistanceKm: PotatoMesh::Config.max_distance_km,
+                instanceDomain: app_constant(:INSTANCE_DOMAIN),
+                privateMode: private_mode?,
+              },
+            }
+            payload.to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/.well-known/potato-mesh" do
+            refresh_well_known_document_if_stale
+            cache_control :public, max_age: PotatoMesh::Config.well_known_refresh_interval
+            content_type :json
+            send_file well_known_file_path
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/nodes" do
+            content_type :json
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_nodes(limit).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/nodes/:id" do
+            content_type :json
+            node_ref = string_or_nil(params["id"])
+            halt 400, { error: "missing node id" }.to_json unless node_ref
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            rows = query_nodes(limit, node_ref: node_ref)
+            halt 404, { error: "not found" }.to_json if rows.empty?
+            rows.first.to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/messages" do
+            halt 404 if private_mode?
+            content_type :json
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_messages(limit).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/messages/:id" do
+            halt 404 if private_mode?
+            content_type :json
+            node_ref = string_or_nil(params["id"])
+            halt 400, { error: "missing node id" }.to_json unless node_ref
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_messages(limit, node_ref: node_ref).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/positions" do
+            content_type :json
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_positions(limit).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/positions/:id" do
+            content_type :json
+            node_ref = string_or_nil(params["id"])
+            halt 400, { error: "missing node id" }.to_json unless node_ref
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_positions(limit, node_ref: node_ref).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/neighbors" do
+            content_type :json
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_neighbors(limit).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/neighbors/:id" do
+            content_type :json
+            node_ref = string_or_nil(params["id"])
+            halt 400, { error: "missing node id" }.to_json unless node_ref
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_neighbors(limit, node_ref: node_ref).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/telemetry" do
+            content_type :json
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_telemetry(limit).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/telemetry/:id" do
+            content_type :json
+            node_ref = string_or_nil(params["id"])
+            halt 400, { error: "missing node id" }.to_json unless node_ref
+            limit = [params["limit"]&.to_i || 200, 1000].min
+            query_telemetry(limit, node_ref: node_ref).to_json
+          end
+
+          app.get "/api/instances" do
+            content_type :json
+            ensure_self_instance_record!
+            db = open_database(readonly: true)
+            db.results_as_hash = true
+            rows = with_busy_retry do
+              db.execute(
+                <<~SQL,
+                SELECT id, domain, pubkey, name, version, channel, frequency,
+                       latitude, longitude, last_update_time, is_private, signature
+                FROM instances
+                WHERE domain IS NOT NULL AND TRIM(domain) != ''
+                  AND pubkey IS NOT NULL AND TRIM(pubkey) != ''
+                ORDER BY LOWER(domain)
+              SQL
+              )
+            end
+            payload = rows.map do |row|
+              {
+                "id" => row["id"],
+                "domain" => row["domain"],
+                "pubkey" => row["pubkey"],
+                "name" => row["name"],
+                "version" => row["version"],
+                "channel" => row["channel"],
+                "frequency" => row["frequency"],
+                "latitude" => row["latitude"],
+                "longitude" => row["longitude"],
+                "lastUpdateTime" => row["last_update_time"]&.to_i,
+                "isPrivate" => row["is_private"].to_i == 1,
+                "signature" => row["signature"],
+              }.reject { |_, value| value.nil? }
+            end
+            JSON.generate(payload)
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Routes
+      module Ingest
+        def self.registered(app)
+          app.post "/api/nodes" do
+            require_token!
+            content_type :json
+            begin
+              data = JSON.parse(read_json_body)
+            rescue JSON::ParserError
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid JSON" }.to_json
+            end
+            unless data.is_a?(Hash)
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid payload" }.to_json
+            end
+            halt 400, { error: "too many nodes" }.to_json if data.size > 1000
+            db = open_database
+            data.each do |node_id, node|
+              upsert_node(db, node_id, node)
+            end
+            PotatoMesh::App::Prometheus::NODES_GAUGE.set(query_nodes(1000).length)
+            { status: "ok" }.to_json
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+
+          app.post "/api/messages" do
+            halt 404 if private_mode?
+            require_token!
+            content_type :json
+            begin
+              data = JSON.parse(read_json_body)
+            rescue JSON::ParserError
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid JSON" }.to_json
+            end
+            messages = data.is_a?(Array) ? data : [data]
+            halt 400, { error: "too many messages" }.to_json if messages.size > 1000
+            db = open_database
+            messages.each do |msg|
+              insert_message(db, msg)
+            end
+            { status: "ok" }.to_json
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+
+          app.post "/api/instances" do
+            content_type :json
+            begin
+              payload = JSON.parse(read_json_body)
+            rescue JSON::ParserError => e
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                reason: "invalid JSON",
+                error_class: e.class.name,
+                error_message: e.message,
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid JSON" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            unless payload.is_a?(Hash)
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                reason: "payload is not an object",
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid payload" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            id = string_or_nil(payload["id"]) || string_or_nil(payload["instanceId"])
+            domain = sanitize_instance_domain(payload["domain"])
+            pubkey = sanitize_public_key_pem(payload["pubkey"])
+            name = string_or_nil(payload["name"])
+            version = string_or_nil(payload["version"])
+            channel = string_or_nil(payload["channel"])
+            frequency = string_or_nil(payload["frequency"])
+            latitude = coerce_float(payload["latitude"])
+            longitude = coerce_float(payload["longitude"])
+            last_update_time = coerce_integer(payload["last_update_time"] || payload["lastUpdateTime"])
+            raw_private = payload.key?("isPrivate") ? payload["isPrivate"] : payload["is_private"]
+            is_private = coerce_boolean(raw_private)
+            signature = string_or_nil(payload["signature"])
+
+            attributes = {
+              id: id,
+              domain: domain,
+              pubkey: pubkey,
+              name: name,
+              version: version,
+              channel: channel,
+              frequency: frequency,
+              latitude: latitude,
+              longitude: longitude,
+              last_update_time: last_update_time,
+              is_private: is_private,
+            }
+
+            if [attributes[:id], attributes[:domain], attributes[:pubkey], signature, attributes[:last_update_time]].any?(&:nil?)
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                reason: "missing required fields",
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "missing required fields" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            unless verify_instance_signature(attributes, signature, attributes[:pubkey])
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: "invalid signature",
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid signature" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            if attributes[:is_private]
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: "instance marked private",
+              )
+              halt 403, { error: "instance marked private" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            ip = ip_from_domain(attributes[:domain])
+            if ip && restricted_ip_address?(ip)
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: "restricted IP address",
+                resolved_ip: ip,
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "restricted domain" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            well_known, well_known_meta = fetch_instance_json(attributes[:domain], "/.well-known/potato-mesh")
+            unless well_known
+              details_list = Array(well_known_meta).map(&:to_s)
+              details = details_list.empty? ? "no response" : details_list.join("; ")
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: "failed to fetch well-known document",
+                details: details,
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "failed to verify well-known document" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            valid, reason = validate_well_known_document(well_known, attributes[:domain], attributes[:pubkey])
+            unless valid
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: reason || "invalid well-known document",
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: reason || "invalid well-known document" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            remote_nodes, node_source = fetch_instance_json(attributes[:domain], "/api/nodes")
+            unless remote_nodes
+              details_list = Array(node_source).map(&:to_s)
+              details = details_list.empty? ? "no response" : details_list.join("; ")
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: "failed to fetch nodes",
+                details: details,
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: "failed to fetch nodes" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            fresh, freshness_reason = validate_remote_nodes(remote_nodes)
+            unless fresh
+              warn_log(
+                "Instance registration rejected",
+                context: "ingest.register",
+                domain: attributes[:domain],
+                reason: freshness_reason || "stale node data",
+              )
+              halt 400, { error: freshness_reason || "stale node data" }.to_json
+            end
+
+            db = open_database
+            upsert_instance_record(db, attributes, signature)
+            debug_log(
+              "Registered remote instance",
+              context: "ingest.register",
+              domain: attributes[:domain],
+              instance_id: attributes[:id],
+            )
+            status 201
+            { status: "registered" }.to_json
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+
+          app.post "/api/positions" do
+            require_token!
+            content_type :json
+            begin
+              data = JSON.parse(read_json_body)
+            rescue JSON::ParserError
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid JSON" }.to_json
+            end
+            positions = data.is_a?(Array) ? data : [data]
+            halt 400, { error: "too many positions" }.to_json if positions.size > 1000
+            db = open_database
+            positions.each do |pos|
+              insert_position(db, pos)
+            end
+            { status: "ok" }.to_json
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+
+          app.post "/api/neighbors" do
+            require_token!
+            content_type :json
+            begin
+              data = JSON.parse(read_json_body)
+            rescue JSON::ParserError
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid JSON" }.to_json
+            end
+            neighbor_payloads = data.is_a?(Array) ? data : [data]
+            halt 400, { error: "too many neighbor packets" }.to_json if neighbor_payloads.size > 1000
+            db = open_database
+            neighbor_payloads.each do |packet|
+              insert_neighbors(db, packet)
+            end
+            { status: "ok" }.to_json
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+
+          app.post "/api/telemetry" do
+            require_token!
+            content_type :json
+            begin
+              data = JSON.parse(read_json_body)
+            rescue JSON::ParserError
+              halt 400, { error: "invalid JSON" }.to_json
+            end
+            telemetry_packets = data.is_a?(Array) ? data : [data]
+            halt 400, { error: "too many telemetry packets" }.to_json if telemetry_packets.size > 1000
+            db = open_database
+            telemetry_packets.each do |packet|
+              insert_telemetry(db, packet)
+            end
+            { status: "ok" }.to_json
+          ensure
+            db&.close
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  module App
+    module Routes
+      module Root
+        def self.registered(app)
+          app.get "/favicon.ico" do
+            cache_control :public, max_age: PotatoMesh::Config.week_seconds
+            ico_path = File.join(settings.public_folder, "favicon.ico")
+            if File.file?(ico_path)
+              send_file ico_path, type: "image/x-icon"
+            else
+              send_file File.join(settings.public_folder, "potatomesh-logo.svg"), type: "image/svg+xml"
+            end
+          end
+
+          app.get "/potatomesh-logo.svg" do
+            path = File.expand_path("potatomesh-logo.svg", settings.public_folder)
+            settings.logger&.info("logo_path=#{path} exist=#{File.exist?(path)} file=#{File.file?(path)}")
+            halt 404, "Not Found" unless File.exist?(path) && File.readable?(path)
+
+            content_type "image/svg+xml"
+            last_modified File.mtime(path)
+            cache_control :public, max_age: 3600
+            send_file path
+          end
+
+          app.get "/" do
+            meta = meta_configuration
+            config = frontend_app_config
+
+            raw_theme = request.cookies["theme"]
+            theme = %w[dark light].include?(raw_theme) ? raw_theme : "dark"
+            if raw_theme != theme
+              response.set_cookie("theme", value: theme, path: "/", max_age: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7, same_site: :lax)
+            end
+
+            erb :index, locals: {
+                          site_name: meta[:name],
+                          meta_title: meta[:title],
+                          meta_name: meta[:name],
+                          meta_description: meta[:description],
+                          channel: sanitized_channel,
+                          frequency: sanitized_frequency,
+                          map_center_lat: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lat,
+                          map_center_lon: PotatoMesh::Config.map_center_lon,
+                          max_distance_km: PotatoMesh::Config.max_distance_km,
+                          contact_link: sanitized_contact_link,
+                          contact_link_url: sanitized_contact_link_url,
+                          version: app_constant(:APP_VERSION),
+                          private_mode: private_mode?,
+                          refresh_interval_seconds: PotatoMesh::Config.refresh_interval_seconds,
+                          app_config_json: JSON.generate(config),
+                          initial_theme: theme,
+                        }
+          end
+
+          app.get "/metrics" do
+            content_type ::Prometheus::Client::Formats::Text::CONTENT_TYPE
+            ::Prometheus::Client::Formats::Text.marshal(::Prometheus::Client.registry)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  # Configuration wrapper responsible for exposing ENV backed settings used by
+  # the web and data ingestion services.
+  module Config
+    module_function
+
+    DEFAULT_DB_BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000
+    DEFAULT_DB_BUSY_MAX_RETRIES = 5
+    DEFAULT_DB_BUSY_RETRY_DELAY = 0.05
+    DEFAULT_MAX_JSON_BODY_BYTES = 1_048_576
+    DEFAULT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 60
+    DEFAULT_TILE_FILTER_LIGHT = "grayscale(1) saturate(0) brightness(0.92) contrast(1.05)"
+    DEFAULT_TILE_FILTER_DARK = "grayscale(1) invert(1) brightness(0.9) contrast(1.08)"
+    DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LAT = 38.761944
+    DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LON = -27.090833
+    DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER = "#{DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LAT},#{DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LON}"
+    DEFAULT_CHANNEL = "#LongFast"
+    DEFAULT_FREQUENCY = "915MHz"
+    DEFAULT_CONTACT_LINK = "#potatomesh:dod.ngo"
+    DEFAULT_MAX_DISTANCE_KM = 42.0
+
+    # Resolve the absolute path to the web application root directory.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute filesystem path of the web folder.
+    def web_root
+      @web_root ||= File.expand_path("../..", __dir__)
+    end
+
+    # Resolve the repository root directory relative to the web folder.
+    #
+    # @return [String] path to the Git repository root.
+    def repo_root
+      @repo_root ||= File.expand_path("..", web_root)
+    end
+
+    # Resolve the current XDG data directory for PotatoMesh content.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the PotatoMesh data directory.
+    def data_directory
+      File.join(resolve_xdg_home("XDG_DATA_HOME", %w[.local share]), "potato-mesh")
+    end
+
+    # Resolve the current XDG configuration directory for PotatoMesh files.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the PotatoMesh configuration directory.
+    def config_directory
+      File.join(resolve_xdg_home("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", %w[.config]), "potato-mesh")
+    end
+
+    # Build the default SQLite database path inside the data directory.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the managed +mesh.db+ file.
+    def default_db_path
+      File.join(data_directory, "mesh.db")
+    end
+
+    # Legacy database path bundled alongside the repository.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the repository managed database file.
+    def legacy_db_path
+      File.expand_path("../data/mesh.db", web_root)
+    end
+
+    # Determine the configured database location, defaulting to the bundled
+    # SQLite file.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the database file.
+    def db_path
+      default_db_path
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the SQLite busy timeout duration in milliseconds.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] timeout value in milliseconds.
+    def db_busy_timeout_ms
+      DEFAULT_DB_BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the maximum number of retries when encountering SQLITE_BUSY.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] maximum retry attempts.
+    def db_busy_max_retries
+      DEFAULT_DB_BUSY_MAX_RETRIES
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the backoff delay between busy retries in seconds.
+    #
+    # @return [Float] seconds to wait between retries.
+    def db_busy_retry_delay
+      DEFAULT_DB_BUSY_RETRY_DELAY
+    end
+
+    # Convenience constant describing the number of seconds in a week.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] seconds in seven days.
+    def week_seconds
+      7 * 24 * 60 * 60
+    end
+
+    # Default upper bound for accepted JSON payload sizes.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] byte ceiling for HTTP request bodies.
+    def default_max_json_body_bytes
+      DEFAULT_MAX_JSON_BODY_BYTES
+    end
+
+    # Determine the maximum allowed JSON body size with validation.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] configured byte limit.
+    def max_json_body_bytes
+      default_max_json_body_bytes
+    end
+
+    # Provide the fallback version string when git metadata is unavailable.
+    #
+    # @return [String] semantic version identifier.
+    def version_fallback
+      "v0.5.0"
+    end
+
+    # Default refresh interval for frontend polling routines.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] refresh period in seconds.
+    def default_refresh_interval_seconds
+      DEFAULT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SECONDS
+    end
+
+    # Fetch the refresh interval, ensuring a positive integer value.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] polling cadence in seconds.
+    def refresh_interval_seconds
+      default_refresh_interval_seconds
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the CSS filter used for light themed maps.
+    #
+    # @return [String] CSS filter string.
+    def map_tile_filter_light
+      DEFAULT_TILE_FILTER_LIGHT
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the CSS filter used for dark themed maps.
+    #
+    # @return [String] CSS filter string for dark tiles.
+    def map_tile_filter_dark
+      DEFAULT_TILE_FILTER_DARK
+    end
+
+    # Provide a simple hash of tile filters for template use.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] frozen mapping of themes to CSS filters.
+    def tile_filters
+      {
+        light: map_tile_filter_light,
+        dark: map_tile_filter_dark,
+      }.freeze
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the raw comma separated Prometheus report identifiers.
+    #
+    # @return [String] comma separated list of report IDs.
+    def prom_report_ids
+      ""
+    end
+
+    # Transform Prometheus report identifiers into a cleaned array.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] list of unique report identifiers.
+    def prom_report_id_list
+      prom_report_ids.split(",").map(&:strip).reject(&:empty?)
+    end
+
+    # Path storing the instance private key used for signing.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute location of the PEM file.
+    def keyfile_path
+      File.join(config_directory, "keyfile")
+    end
+
+    # Sub-path used when exposing well known configuration files.
+    #
+    # @return [String] relative path within the public directory.
+    def well_known_relative_path
+      File.join(".well-known", "potato-mesh")
+    end
+
+    # Filesystem directory used to stage /.well-known artifacts.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute storage path.
+    def well_known_storage_root
+      File.join(config_directory, "well-known")
+    end
+
+    # Legacy configuration directory bundled with the repository.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the repository managed configuration directory.
+    def legacy_config_directory
+      File.join(web_root, ".config")
+    end
+
+    # Legacy keyfile location used before introducing XDG directories.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute filesystem path to the legacy keyfile.
+    def legacy_keyfile_path
+      legacy_keyfile_candidates.find { |path| File.exist?(path) } || legacy_keyfile_candidates.first
+    end
+
+    # Enumerate known legacy keyfile locations for migration.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] ordered list of absolute legacy keyfile paths.
+    def legacy_keyfile_candidates
+      [
+        File.join(web_root, ".config", "keyfile"),
+        File.join(web_root, ".config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile"),
+        File.join(web_root, "config", "keyfile"),
+        File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile"),
+      ].map { |path| File.expand_path(path) }.uniq
+    end
+
+    # Legacy location for well known assets within the public folder.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the legacy output directory.
+    def legacy_public_well_known_path
+      File.join(web_root, "public", well_known_relative_path)
+    end
+
+    # Enumerate known legacy well-known document locations for migration.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] ordered list of absolute legacy well-known document paths.
+    def legacy_well_known_candidates
+      filename = File.basename(well_known_relative_path)
+      [
+        File.join(web_root, ".config", "well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, ".config", ".well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, ".config", "potato-mesh", "well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, ".config", "potato-mesh", ".well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, "config", "well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, "config", ".well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", "well-known", filename),
+        File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", ".well-known", filename),
+      ].map { |path| File.expand_path(path) }.uniq
+    end
+
+    # Interval used to refresh well known documents from disk.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] refresh duration in seconds.
+    def well_known_refresh_interval
+      24 * 60 * 60
+    end
+
+    # Cryptographic algorithm identifier for HTTP signatures.
+    #
+    # @return [String] RFC-compliant algorithm label.
+    def instance_signature_algorithm
+      "rsa-sha256"
+    end
+
+    # Timeout used when querying remote instances during federation.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] HTTP timeout in seconds.
+    def remote_instance_http_timeout
+      5
+    end
+
+    # Maximum acceptable age for remote node data.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] seconds before remote nodes are considered stale.
+    def remote_instance_max_node_age
+      86_400
+    end
+
+    # Minimum node count expected from a remote instance before storing.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] node threshold for remote ingestion.
+    def remote_instance_min_node_count
+      10
+    end
+
+    # Domains used to seed the federation discovery process.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] list of default seed domains.
+    def federation_seed_domains
+      ["potatomesh.net"].freeze
+    end
+
+    # Determine how often we broadcast federation announcements.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] number of seconds between announcement cycles.
+    def federation_announcement_interval
+      8 * 60 * 60
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the configured site name for presentation.
+    #
+    # @return [String] human friendly site label.
+    def site_name
+      fetch_string("SITE_NAME", "PotatoMesh Demo")
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the default radio channel label.
+    #
+    # @return [String] channel name from configuration.
+    def channel
+      fetch_string("CHANNEL", DEFAULT_CHANNEL)
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the default radio frequency description.
+    #
+    # @return [String] frequency identifier.
+    def frequency
+      fetch_string("FREQUENCY", DEFAULT_FREQUENCY)
+    end
+
+    # Parse the configured map centre coordinates.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash{Symbol=>Float}] latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.
+    def map_center
+      raw = fetch_string("MAP_CENTER", DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER)
+      lat_str, lon_str = raw.split(",", 2).map { |part| part&.strip }.compact
+      lat = Float(lat_str, exception: false)
+      lon = Float(lon_str, exception: false)
+      lat = DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LAT unless lat
+      lon = DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LON unless lon
+      { lat: lat, lon: lon }
+    end
+
+    # Map display latitude centre for the frontend map widget.
+    #
+    # @return [Float] latitude in decimal degrees.
+    def map_center_lat
+      map_center[:lat]
+    end
+
+    # Map display longitude centre for the frontend map widget.
+    #
+    # @return [Float] longitude in decimal degrees.
+    def map_center_lon
+      map_center[:lon]
+    end
+
+    # Maximum straight-line distance between nodes before relationships are
+    # hidden.
+    #
+    # @return [Float] distance in kilometres.
+    def max_distance_km
+      raw = fetch_string("MAX_DISTANCE", nil)
+      parsed = raw && Float(raw, exception: false)
+      return parsed if parsed && parsed.positive?
+
+      DEFAULT_MAX_DISTANCE_KM
+    end
+
+    # Contact link for community discussion.
+    #
+    # @return [String] contact URI or identifier.
+    def contact_link
+      fetch_string("CONTACT_LINK", DEFAULT_CONTACT_LINK)
+    end
+
+    # Determine the best URL to represent the configured contact link.
+    #
+    # @return [String, nil] absolute URL when derivable, otherwise nil.
+    def contact_link_url
+      link = contact_link.to_s.strip
+      return nil if link.empty?
+
+      if matrix_alias?(link)
+        "https://matrix.to/#/#{link}"
+      elsif link.match?(%r{\Ahttps?://}i)
+        link
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Check whether a contact link is a Matrix room alias.
+    #
+    # @param link [String] candidate link string.
+    # @return [Boolean] true when the link resembles a Matrix alias.
+    def matrix_alias?(link)
+      link.match?(/\A[#!][^\s:]+:[^\s]+\z/)
+    end
+
+    # Check whether verbose debugging is enabled for the runtime.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] true when DEBUG=1.
+    def debug?
+      ENV["DEBUG"] == "1"
+    end
+
+    # Fetch and sanitise string based configuration values.
+    #
+    # @param key [String] environment variable to read.
+    # @param default [String] fallback value when unset or blank.
+    # @return [String] cleaned configuration string.
+    def fetch_string(key, default)
+      value = ENV[key]
+      return default if value.nil?
+
+      trimmed = value.strip
+      trimmed.empty? ? default : trimmed
+    end
+
+    # Resolve the effective XDG directory honoring environment overrides.
+    #
+    # @param env_key [String] name of the environment variable to inspect.
+    # @param fallback_segments [Array<String>] path segments appended to the user home directory.
+    # @return [String] absolute base directory referenced by the XDG variable.
+    def resolve_xdg_home(env_key, fallback_segments)
+      raw = fetch_string(env_key, nil)
+      candidate = raw && !raw.empty? ? raw : nil
+      return File.expand_path(candidate) if candidate
+
+      base_home = safe_home_directory
+      File.expand_path(File.join(base_home, *fallback_segments))
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the current user's home directory handling runtime failures.
+    #
+    # @return [String] absolute path to the user home or web root fallback.
+    def safe_home_directory
+      home = Dir.home
+      return web_root if home.nil? || home.empty?
+
+      home
+    rescue ArgumentError, RuntimeError
+      web_root
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "logger"
+require "time"
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  # Logging utilities shared across the web application.
+  module Logging
+    LOGGER_NAME = "potato-mesh" # :nodoc:
+
+    module_function
+
+    # Build a logger configured with the potato-mesh formatter.
+    #
+    # @param io [#write] destination for log output.
+    # @return [Logger] configured logger instance.
+    def build_logger(io = $stdout)
+      logger = Logger.new(io)
+      logger.progname = LOGGER_NAME
+      logger.formatter = method(:formatter)
+      logger
+    end
+
+    # Format log entries with a consistent structure understood by the UI.
+    #
+    # @param severity [String] Ruby logger severity constant (e.g., "DEBUG").
+    # @param time [Time] timestamp when the log entry was created.
+    # @param progname [String, nil] optional application name emitting the log.
+    # @param message [String] body of the log message.
+    # @return [String] formatted log entry.
+    def formatter(severity, time, progname, message)
+      timestamp = time.utc.iso8601(3)
+      body = message.is_a?(String) ? message : message.inspect
+      "[#{timestamp}] [#{progname || LOGGER_NAME}] [#{severity.downcase}] #{body}\n"
+    end
+
+    # Emit a structured log entry to the provided logger instance.
+    #
+    # @param logger [Logger, nil] logger to emit against.
+    # @param severity [Symbol] target severity (e.g., :debug, :info).
+    # @param message [String] primary message text.
+    # @param context [String, nil] logical component generating the entry.
+    # @param metadata [Hash] supplemental structured data for the log.
+    # @return [void]
+    def log(logger, severity, message, context: nil, **metadata)
+      return unless logger
+
+      parts = []
+      parts << "context=#{context}" if context
+      metadata.each do |key, value|
+        parts << format_metadata_pair(key, value)
+      end
+      parts << message
+
+      logger.public_send(severity, parts.join(" "))
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the canonical logger for the web application.
+    #
+    # @param target [Object, nil] object with optional +settings.logger+ accessor.
+    # @return [Logger, nil] logger instance when available.
+    def logger_for(target = nil)
+      if target.respond_to?(:settings) && target.settings.respond_to?(:logger)
+        return target.settings.logger
+      end
+
+      if defined?(PotatoMesh::Application) &&
+         PotatoMesh::Application.respond_to?(:settings) &&
+         PotatoMesh::Application.settings.respond_to?(:logger)
+        return PotatoMesh::Application.settings.logger
+      end
+
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Format metadata key/value pairs for structured logging output.
+    #
+    # @param key [Symbol, String]
+    # @param value [Object]
+    # @return [String]
+    def format_metadata_pair(key, value)
+      "#{key}=#{value.inspect}"
+    end
+
+    private_class_method :format_metadata_pair
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "config"
+require_relative "sanitizer"
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  # Helper functions used to generate SEO metadata and formatted values.
+  module Meta
+    module_function
+
+    # Format a distance in kilometres without trailing decimal precision when unnecessary.
+    #
+    # @param distance [Numeric] distance in kilometres.
+    # @return [String] formatted kilometre value.
+    def formatted_distance_km(distance)
+      format("%.1f", distance).sub(/\.0\z/, "")
+    end
+
+    # Construct the meta description string displayed to search engines and social previews.
+    #
+    # @param private_mode [Boolean] whether private mode is enabled.
+    # @return [String] generated description text.
+    def description(private_mode:)
+      site = Sanitizer.sanitized_site_name
+      channel = Sanitizer.sanitized_channel
+      frequency = Sanitizer.sanitized_frequency
+      contact = Sanitizer.sanitized_contact_link
+
+      summary = "Live Meshtastic mesh map for #{site}"
+      if channel.empty? && frequency.empty?
+        summary += "."
+      elsif channel.empty?
+        summary += " tuned to #{frequency}."
+      elsif frequency.empty?
+        summary += " on #{channel}."
+      else
+        summary += " on #{channel} (#{frequency})."
+      end
+
+      activity_sentence = if private_mode
+          "Track nodes and coverage in real time."
+        else
+          "Track nodes, messages, and coverage in real time."
+        end
+
+      sentences = [summary, activity_sentence]
+      if (distance = Sanitizer.sanitized_max_distance_km)
+        sentences << "Shows nodes within roughly #{formatted_distance_km(distance)} km of the map center."
+      end
+      sentences << "Join the community in #{contact} via chat." if contact
+
+      sentences.join(" ")
+    end
+
+    # Build a hash of meta configuration values used by templating layers.
+    #
+    # @param private_mode [Boolean] whether private mode is enabled.
+    # @return [Hash] structured metadata for templates.
+    def configuration(private_mode:)
+      site = Sanitizer.sanitized_site_name
+      {
+        title: site,
+        name: site,
+        description: description(private_mode: private_mode),
+      }.freeze
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "ipaddr"
+
+require_relative "config"
+
+module PotatoMesh
+  # Utility module responsible for coercing and sanitising user provided
+  # configuration strings.  Each helper is exposed as a module function so it
+  # can be consumed both by the web layer and background jobs without
+  # instantiation overhead.
+  module Sanitizer
+    module_function
+
+    # Coerce an arbitrary value into a trimmed string unless the content is
+    # empty.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object, nil] arbitrary input that should be converted.
+    # @return [String, nil] trimmed string representation or +nil+ when blank.
+    def string_or_nil(value)
+      return nil if value.nil?
+
+      str = value.is_a?(String) ? value : value.to_s
+      trimmed = str.strip
+      trimmed.empty? ? nil : trimmed
+    end
+
+    # Ensure a value is a valid instance domain according to RFC 1035/3986
+    # rules. This rejects whitespace, path separators, and trailing dots.
+    #
+    # @param value [String, Object, nil] candidate domain name.
+    # @return [String, nil] canonical domain value or +nil+ when invalid.
+    def sanitize_instance_domain(value)
+      host = string_or_nil(value)
+      return nil unless host
+
+      trimmed = host.strip
+      trimmed = trimmed.delete_suffix(".") while trimmed.end_with?(".")
+      return nil if trimmed.empty?
+      return nil if trimmed.match?(%r{[\s/\\@]})
+
+      trimmed
+    end
+
+    # Extract the host component from a potentially bracketed domain literal.
+    #
+    # @param domain [String, nil] raw domain string received from the user.
+    # @return [String, nil] host portion of the domain, or +nil+ when invalid.
+    def instance_domain_host(domain)
+      return nil if domain.nil?
+
+      candidate = domain.strip
+      return nil if candidate.empty?
+
+      if candidate.start_with?("[")
+        match = candidate.match(/\A\[(?<host>[^\]]+)\](?::(?<port>\d+))?\z/)
+        return match[:host] if match
+        return nil
+      end
+
+      host, port = candidate.split(":", 2)
+      if port && !host.include?(":") && port.match?(/\A\d+\z/)
+        return host
+      end
+
+      candidate
+    end
+
+    # Resolve a validated domain string into an IP address object.
+    #
+    # @param domain [String, nil] domain literal potentially including port.
+    # @return [IPAddr, nil] parsed IP address when valid.
+    def ip_from_domain(domain)
+      host = instance_domain_host(domain)
+      return nil unless host
+
+      IPAddr.new(host)
+    rescue IPAddr::InvalidAddressError
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Normalise a value into a trimmed string representation.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object] arbitrary object to coerce into text.
+    # @return [String] trimmed string version of the supplied value.
+    def sanitized_string(value)
+      value.to_s.strip
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the configured site name as a cleaned string.
+    #
+    # @return [String] trimmed configuration value.
+    def sanitized_site_name
+      sanitized_string(Config.site_name)
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the configured channel as a cleaned string.
+    #
+    # @return [String] trimmed configuration value.
+    def sanitized_channel
+      sanitized_string(Config.channel)
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the configured frequency as a cleaned string.
+    #
+    # @return [String] trimmed configuration value.
+    def sanitized_frequency
+      sanitized_string(Config.frequency)
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the configured contact link and normalise blank values to nil.
+    #
+    # @return [String, nil] contact link identifier or +nil+ when blank.
+    def sanitized_contact_link
+      value = sanitized_string(Config.contact_link)
+      value.empty? ? nil : value
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the best effort URL for the configured contact link.
+    #
+    # @return [String, nil] contact hyperlink when derivable.
+    def sanitized_contact_link_url
+      Config.contact_link_url
+    end
+
+    # Return a positive numeric maximum distance when configured.
+    #
+    # @return [Numeric, nil] distance value in kilometres.
+    def sanitized_max_distance_km
+      distance = Config.max_distance_km
+      return nil unless distance.is_a?(Numeric)
+      return nil unless distance.positive?
+
+      distance
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "name": "potato-mesh",
+  "version": "0.5.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "potato-mesh",
+      "version": "0.5.0"
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "potato-mesh",
+  "version": "0.5.0",
+  "type": "module",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mkdir -p reports coverage && NODE_V8_COVERAGE=coverage node --test --experimental-test-coverage --test-reporter=spec --test-reporter-destination=stdout --test-reporter=junit --test-reporter-destination=reports/javascript-junit.xml && node ./scripts/export-coverage.js"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { documentStub, resetDocumentStub } from './document-stub.js';
+
+import { readAppConfig } from '../config.js';
+import { DEFAULT_CONFIG, mergeConfig } from '../settings.js';
+
+test('readAppConfig returns an empty object when the configuration element is missing', () => {
+  resetDocumentStub();
+  assert.deepEqual(readAppConfig(), {});
+});
+
+test('readAppConfig returns an empty object when the attribute is empty', () => {
+  resetDocumentStub();
+  documentStub.setConfigElement({ getAttribute: () => '' });
+  assert.deepEqual(readAppConfig(), {});
+});
+
+test('readAppConfig parses configuration JSON from the DOM attribute', () => {
+  resetDocumentStub();
+  const data = { refreshMs: 5000, chatEnabled: false };
+  documentStub.setConfigElement({
+    getAttribute: name => (name === 'data-app-config' ? JSON.stringify(data) : null)
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(readAppConfig(), data);
+});
+
+test('readAppConfig returns an empty object and logs on parse failure', () => {
+  resetDocumentStub();
+  let called = false;
+  const originalError = console.error;
+  console.error = () => {
+    called = true;
+  };
+  documentStub.setConfigElement({
+    getAttribute: name => (name === 'data-app-config' ? 'not-json' : null)
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(readAppConfig(), {});
+  assert.equal(called, true);
+  console.error = originalError;
+});
+
+test('readAppConfig ignores non-object JSON payloads', () => {
+  resetDocumentStub();
+  documentStub.setConfigElement({
+    getAttribute: name => (name === 'data-app-config' ? '42' : null)
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(readAppConfig(), {});
+});
+
+test('mergeConfig applies default values when fields are missing', () => {
+  const result = mergeConfig({});
+  assert.deepEqual(result, {
+    ...DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+    mapCenter: { ...DEFAULT_CONFIG.mapCenter },
+    tileFilters: { ...DEFAULT_CONFIG.tileFilters }
+  });
+});
+
+test('mergeConfig coerces numeric values and nested objects', () => {
+  const result = mergeConfig({
+    refreshIntervalSeconds: '30',
+    refreshMs: '45000',
+    mapCenter: { lat: '10.5', lon: '20.1' },
+    tileFilters: { dark: 'contrast(2)' },
+    chatEnabled: 0,
+    channel: '#Custom',
+    frequency: '915MHz',
+    contactLink: 'https://example.org/chat',
+    contactLinkUrl: 'https://example.org/chat',
+    maxDistanceKm: '55.5'
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.refreshIntervalSeconds, 30);
+  assert.equal(result.refreshMs, 45000);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.mapCenter, { lat: 10.5, lon: 20.1 });
+  assert.deepEqual(result.tileFilters, { light: DEFAULT_CONFIG.tileFilters.light, dark: 'contrast(2)' });
+  assert.equal(result.chatEnabled, false);
+  assert.equal(result.channel, '#Custom');
+  assert.equal(result.frequency, '915MHz');
+  assert.equal(result.contactLink, 'https://example.org/chat');
+  assert.equal(result.contactLinkUrl, 'https://example.org/chat');
+  assert.equal(result.maxDistanceKm, 55.5);
+});
+
+test('mergeConfig falls back to defaults for invalid numeric values', () => {
+  const result = mergeConfig({
+    refreshIntervalSeconds: 'NaN',
+    refreshMs: 'NaN',
+    maxDistanceKm: 'oops'
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.refreshIntervalSeconds, DEFAULT_CONFIG.refreshIntervalSeconds);
+  assert.equal(result.refreshMs, DEFAULT_CONFIG.refreshMs);
+  assert.equal(result.maxDistanceKm, DEFAULT_CONFIG.maxDistanceKm);
+});
+
+test('document stub returns null for unrelated selectors', () => {
+  resetDocumentStub();
+  assert.equal(documentStub.querySelector('#missing'), null);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Minimal document implementation that exposes the subset of behaviour needed
+ * by the front-end modules during unit tests.
+ */
+class DocumentStub {
+  /**
+   * Instantiate a new stub with a clean internal state.
+   */
+  constructor() {
+    this.reset();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear tracked configuration elements and registered event listeners.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  reset() {
+    this.configElement = null;
+    this.listeners = new Map();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provide an element that will be returned by ``querySelector`` when the
+   * configuration selector is requested.
+   *
+   * @param {?Element} element DOM node exposing ``getAttribute``.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  setConfigElement(element) {
+    this.configElement = element;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the registered configuration element when the matching selector is
+   * provided.
+   *
+   * @param {string} selector CSS selector requested by the module under test.
+   * @returns {?Element} Config element or ``null`` when unavailable.
+   */
+  querySelector(selector) {
+    if (selector === '[data-app-config]') {
+      return this.configElement;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register an event handler, mirroring the DOM ``addEventListener`` API.
+   *
+   * @param {string} event Event identifier.
+   * @param {Function} handler Callback invoked when ``dispatchEvent`` is
+   *   called.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  addEventListener(event, handler) {
+    this.listeners.set(event, handler);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Trigger a previously registered listener.
+   *
+   * @param {string} event Event identifier used when registering the handler.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  dispatchEvent(event) {
+    const handler = this.listeners.get(event);
+    if (handler) {
+      handler();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export const documentStub = new DocumentStub();
+
+/**
+ * Reset the shared stub between test cases to avoid state bleed.
+ *
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+export function resetDocumentStub() {
+  documentStub.reset();
+}
+
+globalThis.document = documentStub;
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Simple class list implementation supporting the subset of DOMTokenList
+ * behaviour required by the tests.
+ */
+class MockClassList {
+  constructor() {
+    this._values = new Set();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add one or more CSS classes to the element.
+   *
+   * @param {...string} names Class names to insert into the list.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  add(...names) {
+    names.forEach(name => {
+      if (name) {
+        this._values.add(name);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove one or more CSS classes from the element.
+   *
+   * @param {...string} names Class names to delete from the list.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  remove(...names) {
+    names.forEach(name => {
+      if (name) {
+        this._values.delete(name);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determine whether the class list currently contains ``name``.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Target class name.
+   * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when the class is present.
+   */
+  contains(name) {
+    return this._values.has(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Toggle the provided class name.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Class name to toggle.
+   * @param {boolean} [force] Optional forced state mirroring ``DOMTokenList``.
+   * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when the class is present after toggling.
+   */
+  toggle(name, force) {
+    if (force === true) {
+      this._values.add(name);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (force === false) {
+      this._values.delete(name);
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (this._values.has(name)) {
+      this._values.delete(name);
+      return false;
+    }
+    this._values.add(name);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Minimal DOM element implementation exposing the subset of behaviour exercised
+ * by the frontend entrypoints.
+ */
+class MockElement {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} tagName Element name used for diagnostics.
+   * @param {Map<string, MockElement>} registry Storage shared with the
+   *   containing document to support ``getElementById``.
+   */
+  constructor(tagName, registry) {
+    this.tagName = tagName.toUpperCase();
+    this._registry = registry;
+    this.attributes = new Map();
+    this.dataset = {};
+    this.style = {};
+    this.textContent = '';
+    this.classList = new MockClassList();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Associate an attribute with the element.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Attribute identifier.
+   * @param {string} value Attribute value.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  setAttribute(name, value) {
+    this.attributes.set(name, String(value));
+    if (name === 'id' && this._registry) {
+      this._registry.set(String(value), this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve an attribute value.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Attribute identifier.
+   * @returns {?string} Matching attribute or ``null`` when absent.
+   */
+  getAttribute(name) {
+    return this.attributes.has(name) ? this.attributes.get(name) : null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a deterministic DOM environment that provides just enough behaviour
+ * for the UI scripts to execute inside Node.js unit tests.
+ *
+ * @param {{
+ *   readyState?: 'loading' | 'interactive' | 'complete',
+ *   cookie?: string,
+ *   includeBody?: boolean,
+ *   bodyHasDarkClass?: boolean
+ * }} [options]
+ * @returns {{
+ *   window: Window & { dispatchEvent: Function },
+ *   document: Document,
+ *   createElement: (tagName?: string, id?: string) => MockElement,
+ *   registerElement: (id: string, element: MockElement) => void,
+ *   setComputedStyleImplementation: (impl: Function) => void,
+ *   triggerDOMContentLoaded: () => void,
+ *   dispatchWindowEvent: (event: string) => void,
+ *   getCookieString: () => string,
+ *   setCookieString: (value: string) => void,
+ *   cleanup: () => void
+ * }}
+ */
+export function createDomEnvironment(options = {}) {
+  const {
+    readyState = 'complete',
+    cookie = '',
+    includeBody = true,
+    bodyHasDarkClass = true
+  } = options;
+
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
+
+  const registry = new Map();
+  const documentListeners = new Map();
+  const windowListeners = new Map();
+  let computedStyleImpl = null;
+  let cookieStore = cookie;
+
+  const document = {
+    readyState,
+    documentElement: new MockElement('html', registry),
+    body: includeBody ? new MockElement('body', registry) : null,
+    addEventListener(event, handler) {
+      documentListeners.set(event, handler);
+    },
+    removeEventListener(event) {
+      documentListeners.delete(event);
+    },
+    dispatchEvent(event) {
+      const handler = documentListeners.get(event);
+      if (handler) handler();
+    },
+    getElementById(id) {
+      return registry.get(id) || null;
+    },
+    querySelector() {
+      return null;
+    },
+    createElement(tagName) {
+      return new MockElement(tagName, registry);
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (document.body && bodyHasDarkClass) {
+    document.body.classList.add('dark');
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(document, 'cookie', {
+    get() {
+      return cookieStore;
+    },
+    set(value) {
+      cookieStore = cookieStore ? `${cookieStore}; ${value}` : value;
+    }
+  });
+
+  const window = {
+    document,
+    addEventListener(event, handler) {
+      windowListeners.set(event, handler);
+    },
+    removeEventListener(event) {
+      windowListeners.delete(event);
+    },
+    dispatchEvent(event) {
+      const handler = windowListeners.get(event);
+      if (handler) handler();
+    },
+    getComputedStyle(target) {
+      if (typeof computedStyleImpl === 'function') {
+        return computedStyleImpl(target);
+      }
+      return {
+        getPropertyValue() {
+          return '';
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+
+  globalThis.window = window;
+  globalThis.document = document;
+
+  /**
+   * Create and optionally register a mock element.
+   *
+   * @param {string} [tagName='div'] Tag name of the element.
+   * @param {string} [id] Optional identifier registered with the document.
+   * @returns {MockElement} New mock element instance.
+   */
+  function createElement(tagName = 'div', id) {
+    const element = new MockElement(tagName, registry);
+    if (id) {
+      element.setAttribute('id', id);
+    }
+    return element;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register an element instance so that ``getElementById`` can resolve it.
+   *
+   * @param {string} id Element identifier.
+   * @param {MockElement} element Element instance to register.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function registerElement(id, element) {
+    registry.set(id, element);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    window,
+    document,
+    createElement,
+    registerElement,
+    setComputedStyleImplementation(impl) {
+      computedStyleImpl = impl;
+    },
+    triggerDOMContentLoaded() {
+      const handler = documentListeners.get('DOMContentLoaded');
+      if (handler) handler();
+    },
+    dispatchWindowEvent(event) {
+      const handler = windowListeners.get(event);
+      if (handler) handler();
+    },
+    getCookieString() {
+      return cookieStore;
+    },
+    setCookieString(value) {
+      cookieStore = value;
+    },
+    cleanup() {
+      globalThis.window = originalWindow;
+      globalThis.document = originalDocument;
+    }
+  };
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import { createMapAutoFitController } from '../map-auto-fit-controller.js';
+
+class ToggleStub extends EventTarget {
+  constructor(checked = true) {
+    super();
+    this.checked = checked;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {Event} event - Event to dispatch to listeners.
+   * @returns {boolean} Dispatch status.
+   */
+  dispatchEvent(event) {
+    return super.dispatchEvent(event);
+  }
+}
+
+class WindowStub {
+  constructor() {
+    this.listeners = new Map();
+  }
+
+  addEventListener(type, listener) {
+    this.listeners.set(type, listener);
+  }
+
+  removeEventListener(type, listener) {
+    const existing = this.listeners.get(type);
+    if (existing === listener) {
+      this.listeners.delete(type);
+    }
+  }
+
+  emit(type) {
+    const listener = this.listeners.get(type);
+    if (listener) listener();
+  }
+}
+
+test('recordFit stores and clones the last fit snapshot', () => {
+  const toggle = new ToggleStub(true);
+  const controller = createMapAutoFitController({ toggleEl: toggle, defaultPaddingPx: 20 });
+
+  assert.equal(controller.getLastFit(), null);
+
+  controller.recordFit([[10, 20], [30, 40]], { paddingPx: 12, maxZoom: 9 });
+  const snapshot = controller.getLastFit();
+  assert.ok(snapshot);
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.bounds, [[10, 20], [30, 40]]);
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.options, { paddingPx: 12, maxZoom: 9 });
+
+  snapshot.bounds[0][0] = -999;
+  snapshot.options.paddingPx = -1;
+  const secondSnapshot = controller.getLastFit();
+  assert.deepEqual(secondSnapshot?.bounds, [[10, 20], [30, 40]]);
+  assert.deepEqual(secondSnapshot?.options, { paddingPx: 12, maxZoom: 9 });
+});
+
+
+test('recordFit ignores invalid bounds and normalises fit options', () => {
+  const controller = createMapAutoFitController({ defaultPaddingPx: 16 });
+
+  controller.recordFit(null);
+  assert.equal(controller.getLastFit(), null);
+
+  controller.recordFit([[10, Number.NaN], [20, 30]]);
+  assert.equal(controller.getLastFit(), null);
+
+  controller.recordFit([[10, 11], [12, 13]], { paddingPx: -5, maxZoom: 0 });
+  const snapshot = controller.getLastFit();
+  assert.ok(snapshot);
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.options, { paddingPx: 16 });
+});
+
+
+test('handleUserInteraction disables auto-fit unless suppressed', () => {
+  const toggle = new ToggleStub(true);
+  let changeEvents = 0;
+  toggle.addEventListener('change', () => {
+    changeEvents += 1;
+  });
+  const controller = createMapAutoFitController({ toggleEl: toggle });
+
+  controller.runAutoFitOperation(() => {
+    assert.equal(controller.handleUserInteraction(), false);
+    assert.equal(toggle.checked, true);
+  });
+  assert.equal(changeEvents, 0);
+
+  assert.equal(controller.handleUserInteraction(), true);
+  assert.equal(toggle.checked, false);
+  assert.equal(changeEvents, 1);
+
+  assert.equal(controller.handleUserInteraction(), false);
+  assert.equal(changeEvents, 1);
+});
+
+
+test('isAutoFitEnabled reflects the toggle state', () => {
+  const toggle = new ToggleStub(false);
+  const controller = createMapAutoFitController({ toggleEl: toggle });
+  assert.equal(controller.isAutoFitEnabled(), false);
+  toggle.checked = true;
+  assert.equal(controller.isAutoFitEnabled(), true);
+});
+
+
+test('runAutoFitOperation returns callback results and tolerates missing functions', () => {
+  const controller = createMapAutoFitController();
+  assert.equal(controller.runAutoFitOperation(), undefined);
+  let active = false;
+  const result = controller.runAutoFitOperation(() => {
+    active = true;
+    return 42;
+  });
+  assert.equal(active, true);
+  assert.equal(result, 42);
+});
+
+
+test('attachResizeListener forwards snapshots and supports teardown', () => {
+  const windowStub = new WindowStub();
+  const controller = createMapAutoFitController({ windowObject: windowStub, defaultPaddingPx: 24 });
+  controller.recordFit([[1, 2], [3, 4]], { paddingPx: 30 });
+
+  let snapshots = [];
+  const detach = controller.attachResizeListener(snapshot => {
+    snapshots.push(snapshot);
+  });
+
+  windowStub.emit('resize');
+  windowStub.emit('orientationchange');
+  assert.equal(snapshots.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshots[0], { bounds: [[1, 2], [3, 4]], options: { paddingPx: 30 } });
+
+  detach();
+  windowStub.emit('resize');
+  assert.equal(snapshots.length, 2);
+
+  const noop = controller.attachResizeListener();
+  assert.equal(typeof noop, 'function');
+  noop();
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import {
+  computeBoundingBox,
+  computeBoundsForPoints,
+  haversineDistanceKm,
+  __testUtils
+} from '../map-bounds.js';
+
+const { clampLatitude, clampLongitude, normaliseRange, normaliseLongitudeAround } = __testUtils;
+
+function approximatelyEqual(actual, expected, epsilon = 1e-3) {
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(actual - expected) <= epsilon, `${actual} is not within ${epsilon} of ${expected}`);
+}
+
+test('clamp helpers bound invalid coordinates', () => {
+  assert.equal(clampLatitude(120), 90);
+  assert.equal(clampLatitude(-95), -90);
+  assert.equal(clampLatitude(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), 90);
+  assert.equal(clampLatitude(Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), -90);
+
+  assert.equal(clampLongitude(200), 180);
+  assert.equal(clampLongitude(-220), -180);
+  assert.equal(clampLongitude(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), 180);
+  assert.equal(clampLongitude(Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), -180);
+});
+
+
+test('normaliseRange enforces minimum distance for invalid inputs', () => {
+  assert.equal(normaliseRange(-1, 2), 2);
+  assert.equal(normaliseRange(Number.NaN, 3), 3);
+  assert.equal(normaliseRange(0, 1), 1);
+  assert.equal(normaliseRange(4, 2), 4);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundingBox returns null for invalid centres', () => {
+  assert.equal(computeBoundingBox(null, 10), null);
+  assert.equal(computeBoundingBox({ lat: 'x', lon: 0 }, 5), null);
+  assert.equal(computeBoundingBox({ lat: 0, lon: NaN }, 5), null);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundingBox returns symmetric bounds for mid-latitude centre', () => {
+  const bounds = computeBoundingBox({ lat: 0, lon: 0 }, 10);
+  assert.ok(bounds);
+  const [[south, west], [north, east]] = bounds;
+  approximatelyEqual(north, -south, 1e-4);
+  approximatelyEqual(east, -west, 1e-4);
+  assert.ok(north > 0 && east > 0);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundingBox clamps longitude span near the poles', () => {
+  const bounds = computeBoundingBox({ lat: 89.9, lon: 45 }, 2000);
+  assert.ok(bounds);
+  const [[south, west], [north, east]] = bounds;
+  approximatelyEqual(south, 72.0, 1e-1);
+  assert.equal(west, -180);
+  assert.equal(east, 180);
+  assert.equal(north, 90);
+});
+
+
+test('haversineDistanceKm matches known city distance', () => {
+  // Approximate distance between Paris (48.8566, 2.3522) and Berlin (52.52, 13.4050)
+  const distance = haversineDistanceKm(48.8566, 2.3522, 52.52, 13.405);
+  approximatelyEqual(distance, 878.8, 2);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundsForPoints returns null when no valid points exist', () => {
+  assert.equal(computeBoundsForPoints([]), null);
+  assert.equal(computeBoundsForPoints([[Number.NaN, 0]]), null);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundsForPoints expands bounds with padding and minimum radius', () => {
+  const bounds = computeBoundsForPoints(
+    [
+      [38.0, -27.1],
+      [38.05, -27.08]
+    ],
+    { paddingFraction: 0.2, minimumRangeKm: 2 }
+  );
+  assert.ok(bounds);
+  const [[south, west], [north, east]] = bounds;
+  assert.ok(north > 38.05);
+  assert.ok(south < 38.0);
+  assert.ok(east > -27.08);
+  assert.ok(west < -27.1);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundsForPoints respects the configured minimum range for single points', () => {
+  const bounds = computeBoundsForPoints([[12.34, 56.78]], { minimumRangeKm: 5 });
+  assert.ok(bounds);
+  const [[south], [north]] = bounds;
+  assert.ok(north - south > 0.05);
+});
+
+
+test('computeBoundsForPoints preserves tight bounds across the antimeridian', () => {
+  const points = [
+    [10.0, 179.5],
+    [11.2, -179.7],
+    [9.5, 179.2]
+  ];
+  const bounds = computeBoundsForPoints(points, { paddingFraction: 0.1 });
+  assert.ok(bounds);
+  const [[south, west], [north, east]] = bounds;
+  assert.ok(north - south < 10, 'latitude span should remain tight');
+  const lonSpan = Math.abs(east - west);
+  const normalizedSpan = lonSpan > 180 ? 360 - lonSpan : lonSpan;
+  assert.ok(normalizedSpan < 40, 'longitude span should wrap tightly around the dateline');
+  for (const [, lon] of points) {
+    const adjustedLon = normaliseLongitudeAround(lon, (west + east) / 2);
+    assert.ok(adjustedLon >= west - 1e-6 && adjustedLon <= east + 1e-6, 'point longitude should lie within bounds');
+  }
+  assert.ok(east > 180 || west < -180, 'bounds should extend beyond the canonical range when necessary');
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import { attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker, overlayToPopupNode } from '../map-marker-node-info.js';
+
+function createFakeMarker(anchor) {
+  const handlers = {};
+  return {
+    handlers,
+    on(name, handler) {
+      if (!handlers[name]) handlers[name] = [];
+      handlers[name].push(handler);
+      return this;
+    },
+    getElement() {
+      return anchor;
+    },
+    trigger(name, payload) {
+      for (const handler of handlers[name] || []) {
+        handler(payload);
+      }
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test('attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker refreshes markers with merged overlay details', async () => {
+  const anchor = { id: 'anchor-el' };
+  const marker = createFakeMarker(anchor);
+  const popupUpdates = [];
+  const detailCalls = [];
+  let prevented = false;
+  let stopped = false;
+  let token = 0;
+  const refreshCalls = [];
+
+  attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker({
+    marker,
+    getOverlayFallback: () => ({ nodeId: '!foo', shortName: 'Foo', role: 'CLIENT', neighbors: [] }),
+    refreshNodeInformation: async reference => {
+      refreshCalls.push(reference);
+      return { battery: 55.5, telemetryTime: 123, neighbors: [{ neighbor_id: '!bar', snr: 9.5 }] };
+    },
+    mergeOverlayDetails: (primary, fallback) => ({ ...fallback, ...primary }),
+    createRequestToken: el => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      return ++token;
+    },
+    isTokenCurrent: (el, candidate) => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      return candidate === token;
+    },
+    showLoading: (el, info) => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      assert.equal(info.nodeId, '!foo');
+    },
+    showDetails: (el, info) => {
+      detailCalls.push({ el, info });
+    },
+    showError: () => {
+      assert.fail('showError should not be invoked on success');
+    },
+    updatePopup: info => {
+      popupUpdates.push(info);
+    },
+  });
+
+  const clickEvent = {
+    originalEvent: {
+      preventDefault() {
+        prevented = true;
+      },
+      stopPropagation() {
+        stopped = true;
+      },
+    },
+  };
+
+  marker.trigger('click', clickEvent);
+  await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+  assert.equal(prevented, true);
+  assert.equal(stopped, true);
+  assert.equal(refreshCalls.length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(refreshCalls[0], {
+    nodeId: '!foo',
+    fallback: { nodeId: '!foo', shortName: 'Foo', role: 'CLIENT', neighbors: [] },
+  });
+  assert.ok(popupUpdates.length >= 1);
+  const merged = popupUpdates[popupUpdates.length - 1];
+  assert.equal(merged.battery, 55.5);
+  assert.equal(merged.telemetryTime, 123);
+  assert.equal(detailCalls.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(detailCalls[0].el, anchor);
+  assert.equal(detailCalls[0].info.battery, 55.5);
+});
+
+test('attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker surfaces errors with fallback overlays', async () => {
+  const anchor = { id: 'anchor' };
+  const marker = createFakeMarker(anchor);
+  let token = 0;
+  let errorCaptured = null;
+  let detailCalls = 0;
+  let updateCalls = 0;
+
+  attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker({
+    marker,
+    getOverlayFallback: () => ({ nodeId: '!oops', shortName: 'Oops' }),
+    refreshNodeInformation: async () => {
+      throw new Error('boom');
+    },
+    mergeOverlayDetails: (primary, fallback) => ({ ...fallback, ...primary }),
+    createRequestToken: el => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      return ++token;
+    },
+    isTokenCurrent: (el, candidate) => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      return candidate === token;
+    },
+    showLoading: () => {},
+    showDetails: () => {
+      detailCalls += 1;
+    },
+    showError: (el, info, error) => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      assert.equal(info.nodeId, '!oops');
+      errorCaptured = error;
+    },
+    updatePopup: () => {
+      updateCalls += 1;
+    },
+  });
+
+  marker.trigger('click', { originalEvent: {} });
+  await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+  assert.ok(errorCaptured instanceof Error);
+  assert.equal(errorCaptured.message, 'boom');
+  assert.equal(detailCalls, 0);
+  assert.equal(updateCalls, 2);
+});
+
+test('attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker skips refresh when identifiers are missing', async () => {
+  const anchor = { id: 'anchor' };
+  const marker = createFakeMarker(anchor);
+  let token = 0;
+  let refreshed = false;
+  let detailsShown = 0;
+
+  attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker({
+    marker,
+    getOverlayFallback: () => ({ shortName: 'Unknown' }),
+    refreshNodeInformation: async () => {
+      refreshed = true;
+    },
+    mergeOverlayDetails: (primary, fallback) => ({ ...fallback, ...primary }),
+    createRequestToken: el => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      return ++token;
+    },
+    isTokenCurrent: (el, candidate) => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      return candidate === token;
+    },
+    showLoading: () => {
+      assert.fail('showLoading should not run without identifiers');
+    },
+    showDetails: (el, info) => {
+      assert.equal(el, anchor);
+      assert.equal(info.shortName, 'Unknown');
+      detailsShown += 1;
+    },
+  });
+
+  marker.trigger('click', { originalEvent: {} });
+  await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+  assert.equal(refreshed, false);
+  assert.equal(detailsShown, 1);
+});
+
+test('attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker honours shouldHandleClick predicate', async () => {
+  const marker = createFakeMarker({ id: 'anchor' });
+  let token = 0;
+  let refreshed = false;
+
+  attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker({
+    marker,
+    getOverlayFallback: () => ({ nodeId: '!skip' }),
+    refreshNodeInformation: async () => {
+      refreshed = true;
+    },
+    mergeOverlayDetails: (primary, fallback) => ({ ...fallback, ...primary }),
+    createRequestToken: () => ++token,
+    isTokenCurrent: (el, candidate) => candidate === token,
+    shouldHandleClick: () => false,
+  });
+
+  marker.trigger('click', { originalEvent: {} });
+  await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+  assert.equal(refreshed, false);
+});
+
+test('overlayToPopupNode normalises raw overlay payloads', () => {
+  const overlay = {
+    nodeId: '!foo',
+    nodeNum: 42,
+    shortName: 'Foo',
+    role: 'ROUTER',
+    battery: '77.5',
+    neighbors: [
+      { neighbor_id: '!bar', snr: '12.5', neighbor_short_name: 'Bar' },
+      null,
+    ],
+  };
+
+  const popupNode = overlayToPopupNode(overlay);
+  assert.equal(popupNode.node_id, '!foo');
+  assert.equal(popupNode.node_num, 42);
+  assert.equal(popupNode.short_name, 'Foo');
+  assert.equal(popupNode.role, 'ROUTER');
+  assert.equal(popupNode.battery_level, 77.5);
+  assert.equal(Array.isArray(popupNode.neighbors), true);
+  assert.equal(popupNode.neighbors.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(popupNode.neighbors[0].node.node_id, '!bar');
+  assert.equal(popupNode.neighbors[0].snr, 12.5);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import { refreshNodeInformation, __testUtils } from '../node-details.js';
+
+const {
+  toTrimmedString,
+  toFiniteNumber,
+  extractString,
+  extractNumber,
+  assignString,
+  assignNumber,
+  mergeNodeFields,
+  mergeTelemetry,
+  mergePosition,
+  parseFallback,
+  normalizeReference,
+} = __testUtils;
+
+function createResponse(status, body) {
+  return {
+    status,
+    ok: status >= 200 && status < 300,
+    json: async () => body,
+  };
+}
+
+test('refreshNodeInformation merges telemetry metrics when the base node lacks them', async () => {
+  const calls = [];
+  const responses = new Map([
+    ['/api/nodes/!test', createResponse(200, {
+      node_id: '!test',
+      short_name: 'TST',
+      battery_level: null,
+      last_heard: 1_000,
+    })],
+    ['/api/telemetry/!test?limit=1', createResponse(200, [{
+      node_id: '!test',
+      battery_level: 73.5,
+      rx_time: 1_200,
+      telemetry_time: 1_180,
+      voltage: 4.1,
+    }])],
+    ['/api/positions/!test?limit=1', createResponse(200, [{
+      node_id: '!test',
+      latitude: 52.5,
+      longitude: 13.4,
+      rx_time: 1_100,
+    }])],
+    ['/api/neighbors/!test?limit=1000', createResponse(200, [{
+      node_id: '!test',
+      neighbor_id: '!peer',
+      snr: 9.5,
+      rx_time: 1_150,
+    }])],
+  ]);
+  const fetchImpl = async (url, options) => {
+    calls.push({ url, options });
+    const response = responses.get(url);
+    if (!response) {
+      return createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' });
+    }
+    return response;
+  };
+
+  const fallback = { shortName: 'fallback', role: 'CLIENT' };
+  const node = await refreshNodeInformation({ nodeId: '!test', fallback }, { fetchImpl });
+
+  assert.equal(node.nodeId, '!test');
+  assert.equal(node.shortName, 'TST');
+  assert.equal(node.battery, 73.5);
+  assert.equal(node.voltage, 4.1);
+  assert.equal(node.role, 'CLIENT');
+  assert.equal(node.lastHeard, 1_200);
+  assert.equal(node.telemetryTime, 1_180);
+  assert.equal(node.latitude, 52.5);
+  assert.equal(node.longitude, 13.4);
+  assert.deepEqual(node.neighbors, [{
+    node_id: '!test',
+    neighbor_id: '!peer',
+    snr: 9.5,
+    rx_time: 1_150,
+  }]);
+  assert.ok(node.rawSources);
+  assert.ok(node.rawSources.node);
+  assert.ok(node.rawSources.telemetry);
+  assert.ok(node.rawSources.position);
+
+  assert.equal(calls.length, 4);
+  calls.forEach(call => {
+    assert.deepEqual(call.options, { cache: 'no-store' });
+  });
+});
+
+test('refreshNodeInformation preserves fallback metrics when telemetry is unavailable', async () => {
+  const responses = new Map([
+    ['/api/nodes/42', createResponse(200, {
+      node_id: '!num',
+      short_name: 'NUM',
+    })],
+    ['/api/telemetry/42?limit=1', createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' })],
+    ['/api/positions/42?limit=1', createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' })],
+    ['/api/neighbors/42?limit=1000', createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' })],
+  ]);
+  const fetchImpl = async (url, options) => {
+    const response = responses.get(url);
+    return response ?? createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' });
+  };
+
+  const fallback = { nodeNum: 42, battery: 12.5, role: 'CLIENT' };
+  const node = await refreshNodeInformation({ nodeNum: 42, fallback }, { fetchImpl });
+
+  assert.equal(node.nodeId, '!num');
+  assert.equal(node.nodeNum, 42);
+  assert.equal(node.shortName, 'NUM');
+  assert.equal(node.battery, 12.5);
+  assert.equal(node.role, 'CLIENT');
+  assert.equal(Array.isArray(node.neighbors) && node.neighbors.length, 0);
+});
+
+test('refreshNodeInformation requires a node identifier', async () => {
+  await assert.rejects(() => refreshNodeInformation(null), /node identifier/i);
+});
+
+test('refreshNodeInformation handles missing node records by falling back to telemetry data', async () => {
+  const responses = new Map([
+    ['/api/nodes/!missing', createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' })],
+    ['/api/telemetry/!missing?limit=1', createResponse(200, [{
+      node_id: '!missing',
+      node_num: 77,
+      battery_level: 66,
+      rx_time: 2_000,
+      telemetry_time: 1_950,
+    }])],
+    ['/api/positions/!missing?limit=1', createResponse(200, [{
+      node_id: '!missing',
+      latitude: 1.23,
+      longitude: 3.21,
+      altitude: 42,
+      position_time: 1_960,
+      rx_time: 1_970,
+    }])],
+    ['/api/neighbors/!missing?limit=1000', createResponse(200, [null, 'skip', {
+      node_id: '!missing',
+      neighbor_id: '!ally',
+      snr: 8.5,
+    }])],
+  ]);
+
+  const fetchImpl = async url => responses.get(url) ?? createResponse(404, { error: 'not found' });
+
+  const node = await refreshNodeInformation({ nodeId: '!missing' }, { fetchImpl });
+
+  assert.equal(node.nodeId, '!missing');
+  assert.equal(node.nodeNum, 77);
+  assert.equal(node.battery, 66);
+  assert.equal(node.lastHeard, 2_000);
+  assert.equal(node.telemetryTime, 1_950);
+  assert.equal(node.positionTime, 1_960);
+  assert.equal(node.latitude, 1.23);
+  assert.equal(node.longitude, 3.21);
+  assert.equal(node.altitude, 42);
+  assert.equal(node.role, 'CLIENT');
+  assert.deepEqual(node.neighbors, [{
+    node_id: '!missing',
+    neighbor_id: '!ally',
+    snr: 8.5,
+  }]);
+});
+
+test('refreshNodeInformation enforces a fetch implementation', async () => {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-global-assign
+  globalThis.fetch = undefined;
+  try {
+    await assert.rejects(() => refreshNodeInformation('!test', { fetchImpl: null }), /fetch implementation/i);
+  } finally {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-global-assign
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+});
+
+test('helper utilities normalise primitive values', () => {
+  assert.equal(toTrimmedString('  hello  '), 'hello');
+  assert.equal(toTrimmedString(''), null);
+  assert.equal(toTrimmedString(null), null);
+
+  assert.equal(toFiniteNumber('42.5'), 42.5);
+  assert.equal(toFiniteNumber('bad'), null);
+  assert.equal(toFiniteNumber(Infinity), null);
+
+  assert.equal(extractString({ name: '  Alice ' }, ['missing', 'name']), 'Alice');
+  assert.equal(extractString(null, ['name']), null);
+
+  assert.equal(extractNumber({ value: '  13 ' }, ['missing', 'value']), 13);
+  assert.equal(extractNumber({}, ['value']), null);
+});
+
+test('assign helpers respect preferExisting semantics', () => {
+  const target = {};
+  assignString(target, 'name', '  primary  ');
+  assignString(target, 'name', 'secondary', { preferExisting: true });
+  assignString(target, 'description', '');
+  assignNumber(target, 'count', '25');
+  assignNumber(target, 'count', 13, { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'ignored', 'oops');
+
+  assert.deepEqual(target, { name: 'primary', count: 25 });
+});
+
+test('merge helpers combine node, telemetry, and position data', () => {
+  const node = {};
+  mergeNodeFields(node, {
+    node_id: '!node',
+    node_num: 55,
+    short_name: 'NODE',
+    battery_level: null,
+    last_heard: 1_000,
+    position_time: 900,
+  });
+
+  node.battery = 50;
+
+  mergeTelemetry(node, {
+    node_id: '!node',
+    battery_level: 75,
+    voltage: 3.8,
+    rx_time: 1_200,
+    rx_iso: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+    telemetry_time: 1_150,
+  });
+
+  mergePosition(node, {
+    node_id: '!node',
+    latitude: 52.5,
+    longitude: 13.4,
+    altitude: 80,
+    position_time: 1_180,
+    position_time_iso: '2025-01-01T00:19:40Z',
+    rx_time: 1_100,
+    rx_iso: '2025-01-01T00:18:20Z',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(node.nodeId, '!node');
+  assert.equal(node.nodeNum, 55);
+  assert.equal(node.shortName, 'NODE');
+  assert.equal(node.battery, 50);
+  assert.equal(node.voltage, 3.8);
+  assert.equal(node.lastHeard, 1_200);
+  assert.equal(node.lastSeenIso, '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+  assert.equal(node.telemetryTime, 1_150);
+  assert.equal(node.positionTime, 1_180);
+  assert.equal(node.positionTimeIso, '2025-01-01T00:19:40Z');
+  assert.equal(node.latitude, 52.5);
+  assert.equal(node.longitude, 13.4);
+  assert.equal(node.altitude, 80);
+  assert.ok(node.telemetry);
+  assert.ok(node.position);
+});
+
+test('normalizeReference extracts identifiers and tolerates malformed fallback payloads', () => {
+  const originalWarn = console.warn;
+  const warnings = [];
+  console.warn = (...args) => warnings.push(args);
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = normalizeReference({
+      nodeId: '  ',
+      fallback: '{"node_id":"!parsed","nodeNum":99}',
+    });
+    assert.equal(parsed.nodeId, '!parsed');
+    assert.equal(parsed.nodeNum, 99);
+    assert.ok(parsed.fallback);
+
+    const invalid = normalizeReference({ fallback: '{not json}' });
+    assert.equal(invalid.nodeId, null);
+    assert.equal(invalid.nodeNum, null);
+    assert.equal(invalid.fallback, null);
+
+    const strRef = normalizeReference('!direct');
+    assert.equal(strRef.nodeId, '!direct');
+    assert.equal(strRef.nodeNum, null);
+
+    const numRef = normalizeReference(57);
+    assert.equal(numRef.nodeId, null);
+    assert.equal(numRef.nodeNum, 57);
+
+    const emptyRef = normalizeReference(undefined);
+    assert.equal(emptyRef.nodeId, null);
+    assert.equal(emptyRef.nodeNum, null);
+    assert.equal(emptyRef.fallback, null);
+  } finally {
+    console.warn = originalWarn;
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(warnings.length >= 1);
+});
+
+test('parseFallback duplicates object references and rejects primitives', () => {
+  const fallbackObject = { nodeId: '!object' };
+  const parsedObject = parseFallback(fallbackObject);
+  assert.notEqual(parsedObject, fallbackObject);
+  assert.deepEqual(parsedObject, fallbackObject);
+
+  const parsedString = parseFallback('{"nodeId":"!string"}');
+  assert.ok(parsedString);
+  assert.equal(parsedString.nodeId, '!string');
+  assert.equal(parseFallback('not json'), null);
+  assert.equal(parseFallback(42), null);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import { createShortInfoOverlayStack } from '../short-info-overlay-manager.js';
+
+/**
+ * Minimal DOM element implementation tailored for overlay manager tests.
+ */
+class StubElement {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} [tagName='div'] Element tag identifier.
+   */
+  constructor(tagName = 'div') {
+    this.tagName = tagName.toUpperCase();
+    this.children = [];
+    this.parentNode = null;
+    this.style = {};
+    this.dataset = {};
+    this.className = '';
+    this.innerHTML = '';
+    this.attributes = new Map();
+    this.eventHandlers = new Map();
+    this._rect = { left: 0, top: 0, width: 120, height: 80 };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append ``child`` to the element.
+   *
+   * @param {StubElement} child Child node to append.
+   * @returns {StubElement} Appended node.
+   */
+  appendChild(child) {
+    this.children.push(child);
+    child.parentNode = this;
+    return child;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove ``child`` from the element.
+   *
+   * @param {StubElement} child Child node to remove.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  removeChild(child) {
+    const idx = this.children.indexOf(child);
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+      this.children.splice(idx, 1);
+      child.parentNode = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the element from its parent tree.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  remove() {
+    if (this.parentNode) {
+      this.parentNode.removeChild(this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assign an attribute to the element.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Attribute identifier.
+   * @param {string} value Stored attribute value.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  setAttribute(name, value) {
+    this.attributes.set(name, String(value));
+    if (name === 'class' || name === 'className') {
+      this.className = String(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove an attribute from the element.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Attribute identifier.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  removeAttribute(name) {
+    this.attributes.delete(name);
+    if (name === 'class' || name === 'className') {
+      this.className = '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register an event handler for the element.
+   *
+   * @param {string} event Event identifier.
+   * @param {Function} handler Handler invoked during tests.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  addEventListener(event, handler) {
+    this.eventHandlers.set(event, handler);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the first descendant matching a simple class selector.
+   *
+   * @param {string} selector CSS selector (class only).
+   * @returns {?StubElement} Matching element or ``null``.
+   */
+  querySelector(selector) {
+    if (!selector || selector[0] !== '.') {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const className = selector.slice(1);
+    return this._findByClass(className);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Recursively search for an element with ``className``.
+   *
+   * @param {string} className Class identifier to match.
+   * @returns {?StubElement} Matching element or ``null``.
+   */
+  _findByClass(className) {
+    const classes = (this.className || '').split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean);
+    if (classes.includes(className)) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    for (const child of this.children) {
+      const found = child._findByClass(className);
+      if (found) {
+        return found;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determine whether ``candidate`` is a descendant of the element.
+   *
+   * @param {StubElement} candidate Potential child node.
+   * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when the node is contained within the element.
+   */
+  contains(candidate) {
+    if (this === candidate) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    for (const child of this.children) {
+      if (child.contains(candidate)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the mock bounding rectangle for the element.
+   *
+   * @returns {{ left: number, top: number, width: number, height: number }}
+   */
+  getBoundingClientRect() {
+    return { ...this._rect };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Override the bounding rectangle used during positioning tests.
+   *
+   * @param {{ left?: number, top?: number, width?: number, height?: number }} rect
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  setBoundingRect(rect) {
+    this._rect = { ...this._rect, ...rect };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a deep clone of the element.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} [deep=false] When ``true`` clone the children as well.
+   * @returns {StubElement} Cloned element instance.
+   */
+  cloneNode(deep = false) {
+    const clone = new StubElement(this.tagName);
+    clone.className = this.className;
+    clone.style = { ...this.style };
+    clone.dataset = { ...this.dataset };
+    clone.innerHTML = this.innerHTML;
+    clone._rect = { ...this._rect };
+    clone.attributes = new Map(this.attributes);
+    if (deep) {
+      for (const child of this.children) {
+        clone.appendChild(child.cloneNode(true));
+      }
+    }
+    return clone;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Locate the nearest ancestor carrying ``selector``.
+   *
+   * @param {string} selector CSS selector (class only).
+   * @returns {?StubElement} Matching ancestor or ``null``.
+   */
+  closest(selector) {
+    if (!selector || selector[0] !== '.') {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const className = selector.slice(1);
+    let current = this;
+    while (current) {
+      const classes = (current.className || '').split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean);
+      if (classes.includes(className)) {
+        return current;
+      }
+      current = current.parentNode;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a minimal DOM document stub for overlay manager tests.
+ *
+ * @returns {{ document: Document, window: Window, factory: Function, anchor: StubElement, body: StubElement }}
+ */
+function createStubDom() {
+  const body = new StubElement('body');
+  body.contains = body.contains.bind(body);
+  const listenerMap = new Map();
+  const document = {
+    body,
+    documentElement: { clientWidth: 640, clientHeight: 480 },
+    createElement(tagName) {
+      return new StubElement(tagName);
+    },
+    getElementById() {
+      return null;
+    },
+    addEventListener(event, handler) {
+      if (!listenerMap.has(event)) {
+        listenerMap.set(event, new Set());
+      }
+      listenerMap.get(event).add(handler);
+    },
+    removeEventListener(event, handler) {
+      if (!listenerMap.has(event)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      listenerMap.get(event).delete(handler);
+    },
+    _dispatch(event) {
+      if (!listenerMap.has(event)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      for (const handler of Array.from(listenerMap.get(event))) {
+        handler();
+      }
+    },
+  };
+  const window = {
+    scrollX: 10,
+    scrollY: 20,
+    innerWidth: 640,
+    innerHeight: 480,
+    requestAnimationFrame(callback) {
+      callback();
+    },
+  };
+  function factory() {
+    const overlay = document.createElement('div');
+    overlay.className = 'short-info-overlay';
+    const closeButton = document.createElement('button');
+    closeButton.className = 'short-info-close';
+    const content = document.createElement('div');
+    content.className = 'short-info-content';
+    overlay.appendChild(closeButton);
+    overlay.appendChild(content);
+    return { overlay, closeButton, content };
+  }
+  const anchor = document.createElement('span');
+  anchor.setBoundingRect({ left: 40, top: 50, width: 16, height: 16 });
+  body.appendChild(anchor);
+  return { document, window, factory, anchor, body };
+}
+
+test('render opens overlays and positions them relative to anchors', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor, body } = createStubDom();
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  stack.render(anchor, '<strong>Node</strong>');
+  const open = stack.getOpenOverlays();
+  assert.equal(open.length, 1);
+  const overlay = open[0].element;
+  assert.equal(overlay.parentNode, body);
+  assert.equal(overlay.style.position, 'absolute');
+  const content = overlay.querySelector('.short-info-content');
+  assert.ok(content);
+  assert.equal(content.innerHTML, '<strong>Node</strong>');
+  assert.equal(overlay.style.left, '50px');
+  assert.equal(overlay.style.top, '70px');
+});
+
+test('request tokens track anchors independently', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor } = createStubDom();
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  const token1 = stack.incrementRequestToken(anchor);
+  const token2 = stack.incrementRequestToken(anchor);
+  assert.equal(token2, token1 + 1);
+  stack.render(anchor, 'Loading…');
+  assert.equal(stack.isTokenCurrent(anchor, token2), true);
+  stack.close(anchor);
+  assert.equal(stack.isTokenCurrent(anchor, token2), false);
+});
+
+test('overlays stack and close independently', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor, body } = createStubDom();
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  const secondAnchor = document.createElement('span');
+  secondAnchor.setBoundingRect({ left: 200, top: 120 });
+  body.appendChild(secondAnchor);
+  stack.render(anchor, 'First');
+  stack.render(secondAnchor, 'Second');
+  const open = stack.getOpenOverlays();
+  assert.equal(open.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(stack.isOpen(anchor), true);
+  assert.equal(stack.isOpen(secondAnchor), true);
+  stack.close(anchor);
+  assert.equal(stack.isOpen(anchor), false);
+  assert.equal(stack.isOpen(secondAnchor), true);
+  stack.closeAll();
+  assert.equal(stack.getOpenOverlays().length, 0);
+});
+
+test('cleanupOrphans removes overlays whose anchors disappear', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor } = createStubDom();
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  stack.render(anchor, 'Orphaned');
+  anchor.remove();
+  stack.cleanupOrphans();
+  assert.equal(stack.getOpenOverlays().length, 0);
+});
+
+test('containsNode recognises overlay descendants', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor } = createStubDom();
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  stack.render(anchor, 'Descendant');
+  const [entry] = stack.getOpenOverlays();
+  const content = entry.element.querySelector('.short-info-content');
+  assert.ok(stack.containsNode(content));
+  const stray = new StubElement('div');
+  assert.equal(stack.containsNode(stray), false);
+});
+
+test('overlays migrate into and out of fullscreen hosts', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor, body } = createStubDom();
+  const fullscreenRoot = document.createElement('div');
+  body.appendChild(fullscreenRoot);
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  stack.render(anchor, 'Fullscreen');
+  const [entry] = stack.getOpenOverlays();
+  assert.equal(entry.element.parentNode, body);
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.position, 'absolute');
+
+  document.fullscreenElement = fullscreenRoot;
+  document._dispatch('fullscreenchange');
+  assert.equal(entry.element.parentNode, fullscreenRoot);
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.position, 'fixed');
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.left, '40px');
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.top, '50px');
+
+  document.fullscreenElement = null;
+  document._dispatch('fullscreenchange');
+  assert.equal(entry.element.parentNode, body);
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.position, 'absolute');
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.left, '50px');
+  assert.equal(entry.element.style.top, '70px');
+});
+
+test('rendered overlays do not swallow click events by default', () => {
+  const { document, window, factory, anchor } = createStubDom();
+  const stack = createShortInfoOverlayStack({ document, window, factory });
+  stack.render(anchor, 'Event test');
+  const [entry] = stack.getOpenOverlays();
+  assert.ok(entry);
+  assert.equal(entry.element.eventHandlers.has('click'), false);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import vm from 'node:vm';
+
+import { createDomEnvironment } from './dom-environment.js';
+
+const themeModuleUrl = new URL('../../theme.js', import.meta.url);
+const backgroundModuleUrl = new URL('../../background.js', import.meta.url);
+const themeSource = await readFile(themeModuleUrl, 'utf8');
+const backgroundSource = await readFile(backgroundModuleUrl, 'utf8');
+
+/**
+ * Evaluate a browser-oriented script within the provided DOM environment.
+ *
+ * @param {string} source Module source code to execute.
+ * @param {URL} url Identifier for the executed script.
+ * @param {ReturnType<typeof createDomEnvironment>} env Active DOM harness.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function executeInDom(source, url, env) {
+  const context = vm.createContext({
+    console,
+    setTimeout,
+    clearTimeout,
+    setInterval,
+    clearInterval
+  });
+  context.window = env.window;
+  context.document = env.document;
+  context.global = context;
+  context.globalThis = context;
+  context.window.window = context.window;
+  context.window.document = context.document;
+  context.window.globalThis = context;
+  context.window.console = console;
+
+  vm.runInContext(source, context, { filename: url.pathname, displayErrors: true });
+}
+
+test('theme and background modules behave correctly across scenarios', async t => {
+  const env = createDomEnvironment({ readyState: 'complete', cookie: '' });
+  try {
+    const toggle = env.createElement('button', 'themeToggle');
+    env.registerElement('themeToggle', toggle);
+    let filterInvocations = 0;
+    env.window.applyFiltersToAllTiles = () => {
+      filterInvocations += 1;
+    };
+
+    executeInDom(themeSource, themeModuleUrl, env);
+    executeInDom(backgroundSource, backgroundModuleUrl, env);
+
+    const themeHelpers = env.window.__themeCookie;
+    const themeHooks = themeHelpers.__testHooks;
+    const backgroundHelpers = env.window.__potatoBackground;
+    const backgroundHooks = backgroundHelpers.__testHooks;
+
+    await t.test('initialises with a dark theme and persists cookies', () => {
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme'), 'dark');
+      assert.equal(env.document.body.classList.contains('dark'), true);
+      assert.equal(toggle.textContent, '☀️');
+      themeHelpers.persistTheme('light');
+      themeHelpers.setCookie('bare', '1');
+      themeHooks.exerciseSetCookieGuard();
+      themeHelpers.setCookie('flag', 'true', { Secure: true });
+      const cookieString = env.getCookieString();
+      assert.equal(themeHelpers.getCookie('flag'), 'true');
+      assert.equal(themeHelpers.getCookie('missing'), null);
+      assert.match(cookieString, /theme=light/);
+      assert.match(cookieString, /; path=\//);
+      assert.match(cookieString, /; SameSite=Lax/);
+      assert.match(cookieString, /; Secure/);
+    });
+
+    await t.test('serializeCookieOptions covers boolean and string attributes', () => {
+      const withAttributes = themeHooks.serializeCookieOptions({ Secure: true, HttpOnly: '1' });
+      assert.equal(withAttributes.includes('; Secure'), true);
+      assert.equal(withAttributes.includes('; HttpOnly=1'), true);
+      const secureOnly = themeHooks.serializeCookieOptions({ Secure: true });
+      assert.equal(secureOnly.trim(), '; Secure');
+      assert.equal(themeHooks.formatCookieOption(['HttpOnly', '1']), '; HttpOnly=1');
+      assert.equal(themeHooks.formatCookieOption(['Secure', true]), '; Secure');
+      assert.equal(themeHooks.serializeCookieOptions({}), '');
+      assert.equal(themeHooks.serializeCookieOptions(), '');
+    });
+
+    await t.test('re-bootstrap handles DOMContentLoaded flow and filter hooks', () => {
+      env.document.readyState = 'loading';
+      filterInvocations = 0;
+      env.setCookieString('theme=light');
+      themeHooks.bootstrap();
+      env.triggerDOMContentLoaded();
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme'), 'light');
+      assert.equal(env.document.body.classList.contains('dark'), false);
+      assert.equal(toggle.textContent, '🌙');
+      assert.equal(filterInvocations, 1);
+      env.document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', themeHooks.handleReady);
+    });
+
+    await t.test('handleReady tolerates missing toggle button', () => {
+      env.registerElement('themeToggle', null);
+      themeHooks.handleReady();
+      env.registerElement('themeToggle', toggle);
+    });
+
+    await t.test('applyTheme copes with absent DOM nodes', () => {
+      const originalBody = env.document.body;
+      const originalRoot = env.document.documentElement;
+      env.document.body = null;
+      env.document.documentElement = null;
+      assert.equal(themeHooks.applyTheme('dark'), true);
+      env.document.body = originalBody;
+      env.document.documentElement = originalRoot;
+      assert.equal(themeHooks.applyTheme('light'), false);
+    });
+
+    await t.test('background bootstrap waits for DOM readiness', () => {
+      env.setComputedStyleImplementation(() => ({ getPropertyValue: () => '  rgb(15, 15, 15)  ' }));
+      env.document.readyState = 'loading';
+      const previousColor = env.document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor;
+      backgroundHooks.bootstrap();
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor, previousColor);
+      env.triggerDOMContentLoaded();
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor.trim(), 'rgb(15, 15, 15)');
+    });
+
+    await t.test('background falls back to theme defaults when styles unavailable', () => {
+      env.setComputedStyleImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('no styles');
+      });
+      env.document.body.classList.add('dark');
+      backgroundHelpers.applyBackground();
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor, '#0e1418');
+      env.document.body.classList.remove('dark');
+      backgroundHelpers.applyBackground();
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor, '#f6f3ee');
+    });
+
+    await t.test('background helper tolerates missing body elements', () => {
+      const originalBody = env.document.body;
+      env.document.body = null;
+      backgroundHelpers.applyBackground();
+      assert.equal(backgroundHelpers.resolveBackgroundColor(), null);
+      env.document.body = originalBody;
+    });
+
+    await t.test('theme changes trigger background updates', () => {
+      env.document.body.classList.remove('dark');
+      themeHooks.setTheme('light');
+      backgroundHooks.init();
+      env.dispatchWindowEvent('themechange');
+      assert.equal(env.document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor, '#f6f3ee');
+    });
+
+    env.window.removeEventListener('themechange', backgroundHelpers.applyBackground);
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
+
+test('dom environment helpers mimic expected DOM behaviour', () => {
+  const env = createDomEnvironment({ readyState: 'interactive', includeBody: false });
+  try {
+    const element = env.createElement('span');
+    element.classList.add('foo');
+    assert.equal(element.classList.contains('foo'), true);
+    assert.equal(element.classList.toggle('foo'), false);
+    assert.equal(element.classList.toggle('bar'), true);
+    assert.equal(element.getAttribute('id'), null);
+    element.setAttribute('data-test', 'ok');
+    assert.equal(element.getAttribute('data-test'), 'ok');
+
+    env.registerElement('sample', element);
+    assert.equal(env.document.getElementById('sample'), element);
+    assert.equal(env.document.querySelector('.missing'), null);
+
+    let docEventFired = false;
+    env.document.addEventListener('custom', () => {
+      docEventFired = true;
+    });
+    env.document.dispatchEvent('custom');
+    assert.equal(docEventFired, true);
+    env.document.removeEventListener('custom');
+
+    let winEventFired = false;
+    env.window.addEventListener('global', () => {
+      winEventFired = true;
+    });
+    env.window.dispatchEvent('global');
+    assert.equal(winEventFired, true);
+    env.window.removeEventListener('global');
+
+    env.setCookieString('');
+    env.document.cookie = 'foo=bar';
+    assert.equal(env.getCookieString(), 'foo=bar');
+  } finally {
+    env.cleanup();
+  }
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * CSS selector used to locate the embedded configuration element.
+ *
+ * @type {string}
+ */
+const CONFIG_SELECTOR = '[data-app-config]';
+
+/**
+ * Read and parse the serialized application configuration from the DOM.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object<string, *>} Parsed configuration object or an empty object when unavailable.
+ */
+export function readAppConfig() {
+  const el = document.querySelector(CONFIG_SELECTOR);
+  if (!el) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  const raw = el.getAttribute('data-app-config') || '';
+  if (!raw) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+    return typeof parsed === 'object' && parsed !== null ? parsed : {};
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('Failed to parse application configuration', err);
+    return {};
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { readAppConfig } from './config.js';
+import { initializeApp } from './main.js';
+import { DEFAULT_CONFIG, mergeConfig } from './settings.js';
+
+export { DEFAULT_CONFIG, mergeConfig } from './settings.js';
+
+/**
+ * Bootstraps the application once the DOM is ready by reading configuration
+ * data and delegating to ``initializeApp``.
+ *
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+  const rawConfig = readAppConfig();
+  const config = mergeConfig(rawConfig);
+  initializeApp(config);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {[number, number]} LatLngTuple
+ * @typedef {[LatLngTuple, LatLngTuple]} LatLngBoundsTuple
+ * @typedef {{ paddingPx: number, maxZoom?: number }} FitOptionsSnapshot
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Safely clone a Leaflet-compatible bounds tuple to avoid accidental mutation.
+ *
+ * @param {LatLngBoundsTuple} bounds - Bounds tuple to duplicate.
+ * @returns {LatLngBoundsTuple} Deep copy of the provided bounds.
+ */
+function cloneBounds(bounds) {
+  return [
+    [bounds[0][0], bounds[0][1]],
+    [bounds[1][0], bounds[1][1]]
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether the provided structure resembles a Leaflet bounds tuple.
+ *
+ * @param {unknown} value - Potential bounds input.
+ * @returns {value is LatLngBoundsTuple} True when the input is structurally valid.
+ */
+function isValidBounds(value) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value) || value.length !== 2) return false;
+  const [southWest, northEast] = value;
+  if (!Array.isArray(southWest) || !Array.isArray(northEast)) return false;
+  if (southWest.length !== 2 || northEast.length !== 2) return false;
+  const numbers = [southWest[0], southWest[1], northEast[0], northEast[1]];
+  return numbers.every(number => Number.isFinite(number));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a controller for coordinating map auto-fit behaviour.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options - Controller configuration options.
+ * @param {HTMLInputElement|null} [options.toggleEl] - Checkbox controlling auto-fit.
+ * @param {Window|undefined} [options.windowObject] - Browser window instance.
+ * @param {number} [options.defaultPaddingPx=32] - Padding fallback when none supplied.
+ * @returns {{
+ *   attachResizeListener(callback: (snapshot: { bounds: LatLngBoundsTuple, options: FitOptionsSnapshot } | null) => void): () => void,
+ *   getLastFit(): { bounds: LatLngBoundsTuple, options: FitOptionsSnapshot } | null,
+ *   handleUserInteraction(): boolean,
+ *   isAutoFitEnabled(): boolean,
+ *   recordFit(bounds: LatLngBoundsTuple, options?: { paddingPx?: number, maxZoom?: number }): void,
+ *   runAutoFitOperation(fn: () => unknown): unknown
+ * }} Map auto-fit controller instance.
+ */
+export function createMapAutoFitController({
+  toggleEl = null,
+  windowObject = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : undefined,
+  defaultPaddingPx = 32
+} = {}) {
+  /** @type {LatLngBoundsTuple|null} */
+  let lastBounds = null;
+  /** @type {FitOptionsSnapshot} */
+  let lastOptions = { paddingPx: defaultPaddingPx };
+  let autoFitInProgress = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Record the most recent set of bounds used for auto-fitting.
+   *
+   * @param {LatLngBoundsTuple} bounds - Leaflet bounds tuple.
+   * @param {{ paddingPx?: number, maxZoom?: number }} [options] - Fit options to persist.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function recordFit(bounds, options = {}) {
+    if (!isValidBounds(bounds)) return;
+    const paddingPx = Number.isFinite(options.paddingPx) && options.paddingPx >= 0 ? options.paddingPx : defaultPaddingPx;
+    const maxZoom = Number.isFinite(options.maxZoom) && options.maxZoom > 0 ? options.maxZoom : undefined;
+    lastBounds = cloneBounds(bounds);
+    lastOptions = { paddingPx };
+    if (maxZoom !== undefined) {
+      lastOptions.maxZoom = maxZoom;
+    } else {
+      delete lastOptions.maxZoom;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a snapshot of the most recently recorded fit bounds.
+   *
+   * @returns {{ bounds: LatLngBoundsTuple, options: FitOptionsSnapshot } | null} Snapshot or ``null`` when unavailable.
+   */
+  function getLastFit() {
+    if (!lastBounds) return null;
+    return { bounds: cloneBounds(lastBounds), options: { ...lastOptions } };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test whether auto-fit is currently enabled by the user.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean} True when the toggle exists and is checked.
+   */
+  function isAutoFitEnabled() {
+    return Boolean(toggleEl && toggleEl.checked);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a callback while marking auto-fit as in-progress.
+   *
+   * @template T
+   * @param {() => T} fn - Operation to run while suppressing interaction side-effects.
+   * @returns {T | undefined} Result of ``fn`` when provided.
+   */
+  function runAutoFitOperation(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== 'function') return undefined;
+    autoFitInProgress = true;
+    try {
+      return fn();
+    } finally {
+      autoFitInProgress = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Disable auto-fit in response to manual user interactions with the map.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean} True when the toggle was modified.
+   */
+  function handleUserInteraction() {
+    if (!toggleEl || !toggleEl.checked || autoFitInProgress) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    toggleEl.checked = false;
+    const event = new Event('change', { bubbles: true });
+    toggleEl.dispatchEvent(event);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attach resize listeners that notify the consumer when a refit may be required.
+   *
+   * @param {(snapshot: { bounds: LatLngBoundsTuple, options: FitOptionsSnapshot } | null) => void} callback - Resize handler.
+   * @returns {() => void} Function that removes the registered listeners.
+   */
+  function attachResizeListener(callback) {
+    if (!windowObject || typeof windowObject.addEventListener !== 'function' || typeof callback !== 'function') {
+      return () => {};
+    }
+    const handler = () => {
+      callback(getLastFit());
+    };
+    windowObject.addEventListener('resize', handler, { passive: true });
+    windowObject.addEventListener('orientationchange', handler, { passive: true });
+    return () => {
+      windowObject.removeEventListener('resize', handler);
+      windowObject.removeEventListener('orientationchange', handler);
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    attachResizeListener,
+    getLastFit,
+    handleUserInteraction,
+    isAutoFitEnabled,
+    recordFit,
+    runAutoFitOperation
+  };
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+const EARTH_RADIUS_KM = 6371;
+const RAD_TO_DEG = 180 / Math.PI;
+const DEFAULT_MIN_RANGE_KM = 0.5;
+const POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES = 180;
+const COS_EPSILON = 1e-6;
+
+/**
+ * Clamp a latitude value to the valid WGS84 range.
+ *
+ * @param {number} latitude Latitude in degrees.
+ * @returns {number} Latitude clamped to [-90, 90].
+ */
+function clampLatitude(latitude) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(latitude)) {
+    return latitude < 0 ? -90 : 90;
+  }
+  return Math.max(-90, Math.min(90, latitude));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clamp a longitude value to the valid WGS84 range.
+ *
+ * @param {number} longitude Longitude in degrees.
+ * @returns {number} Longitude clamped to [-180, 180].
+ */
+function clampLongitude(longitude) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(longitude)) {
+    return longitude < 0 ? -180 : 180;
+  }
+  if (longitude < -180) return -180;
+  if (longitude > 180) return 180;
+  return longitude;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalise a longitude so it remains close to a reference meridian.
+ *
+ * @param {number} longitude Longitude in degrees to normalise.
+ * @param {number} referenceMeridian Reference longitude in degrees.
+ * @returns {number} Longitude adjusted by multiples of 360° so the
+ *   difference from ``referenceMeridian`` lies within ``[-180, 180)``.
+ */
+function normaliseLongitudeAround(longitude, referenceMeridian) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(longitude) || !Number.isFinite(referenceMeridian)) {
+    return longitude;
+  }
+  const delta = ((longitude - referenceMeridian + 540) % 360) - 180;
+  return referenceMeridian + delta;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert degrees to radians.
+ *
+ * @param {number} degrees Angle in degrees.
+ * @returns {number} Angle in radians.
+ */
+export function toRadians(degrees) {
+  return (degrees * Math.PI) / 180;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the great-circle distance between two coordinates using the
+ * haversine formula.
+ *
+ * @param {number} lat1 Latitude of the first point in degrees.
+ * @param {number} lon1 Longitude of the first point in degrees.
+ * @param {number} lat2 Latitude of the second point in degrees.
+ * @param {number} lon2 Longitude of the second point in degrees.
+ * @returns {number} Distance in kilometres.
+ */
+export function haversineDistanceKm(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2) {
+  const dLat = toRadians(lat2 - lat1);
+  const dLon = toRadians(lon2 - lon1);
+  const sinLat = Math.sin(dLat / 2);
+  const sinLon = Math.sin(dLon / 2);
+  const a = sinLat * sinLat + Math.cos(toRadians(lat1)) * Math.cos(toRadians(lat2)) * sinLon * sinLon;
+  const c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1 - a));
+  return EARTH_RADIUS_KM * c;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalise range inputs to a safe, positive value.
+ *
+ * @param {number} rangeKm Requested range in kilometres.
+ * @param {number} minimumRangeKm Minimum permitted range in kilometres.
+ * @returns {number} Normalised range in kilometres.
+ */
+function normaliseRange(rangeKm, minimumRangeKm) {
+  const minRange = Number.isFinite(minimumRangeKm) && minimumRangeKm > 0 ? minimumRangeKm : DEFAULT_MIN_RANGE_KM;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(rangeKm) || rangeKm <= 0) {
+    return minRange;
+  }
+  return Math.max(rangeKm, minRange);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute a geographic bounding box for a circular range centred on a point.
+ *
+ * The resulting bounds are suitable for use with Leaflet ``fitBounds`` and
+ * similar APIs that accept a ``[[south, west], [north, east]]`` tuple.
+ *
+ * @param {{lat: number, lon: number}} center Map centre coordinate.
+ * @param {number} rangeKm Desired radius from the centre in kilometres.
+ * @param {{ minimumRangeKm?: number }} [options] Optional configuration.
+ * @returns {[[number, number], [number, number]] | null} Bounding box tuple or
+ *   ``null`` when the inputs are invalid.
+ */
+export function computeBoundingBox(center, rangeKm, options = {}) {
+  if (!center || !Number.isFinite(center.lat) || !Number.isFinite(center.lon)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const minRange = Number.isFinite(options.minimumRangeKm) && options.minimumRangeKm > 0
+    ? options.minimumRangeKm
+    : DEFAULT_MIN_RANGE_KM;
+  const radiusKm = normaliseRange(rangeKm, minRange);
+  const angularDistance = radiusKm / EARTH_RADIUS_KM;
+  const latDelta = angularDistance * RAD_TO_DEG;
+  const minLat = clampLatitude(center.lat - latDelta);
+  const maxLat = clampLatitude(center.lat + latDelta);
+
+  const cosLat = Math.cos(toRadians(center.lat));
+  let lonDelta;
+  if (Math.abs(cosLat) < COS_EPSILON) {
+    lonDelta = POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES;
+  } else {
+    lonDelta = Math.min(POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES, (angularDistance * RAD_TO_DEG) / Math.max(Math.abs(cosLat), COS_EPSILON));
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(lonDelta) || lonDelta >= POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES) {
+    return [[minLat, -POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES], [maxLat, POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES]];
+  }
+
+  const minLon = clampLongitude(center.lon - lonDelta);
+  const maxLon = clampLongitude(center.lon + lonDelta);
+  return [[minLat, minLon], [maxLat, maxLon]];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine a bounding box that encloses the provided coordinates with a
+ * configurable safety margin.
+ *
+ * @param {Array<[number, number]>} points Collection of ``[lat, lon]`` pairs.
+ * @param {{
+ *   paddingFraction?: number,
+ *   minimumRangeKm?: number
+ * }} [options] Optional configuration controlling the computed bounds.
+ * @returns {[[number, number], [number, number]] | null} Bounding box tuple or
+ *   ``null`` when the input list is empty or invalid. Longitudes may extend
+ *   beyond the canonical ``[-180, 180]`` range when a dateline-spanning span is
+ *   required.
+ */
+export function computeBoundsForPoints(points, options = {}) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(points) || !points.length) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const validPoints = points.filter(point => Array.isArray(point) && Number.isFinite(point[0]) && Number.isFinite(point[1]));
+  if (!validPoints.length) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  let xSum = 0;
+  let ySum = 0;
+  let zSum = 0;
+  let latSum = 0;
+  let lonSum = 0;
+  for (const [lat, lon] of validPoints) {
+    const latRad = toRadians(lat);
+    const lonRad = toRadians(lon);
+    const cosLat = Math.cos(latRad);
+    xSum += cosLat * Math.cos(lonRad);
+    ySum += cosLat * Math.sin(lonRad);
+    zSum += Math.sin(latRad);
+    latSum += lat;
+    lonSum += lon;
+  }
+
+  const vectorMagnitude = Math.sqrt(xSum * xSum + ySum * ySum + zSum * zSum);
+  let centre;
+  if (vectorMagnitude > COS_EPSILON) {
+    const lat = Math.atan2(zSum, Math.sqrt(xSum * xSum + ySum * ySum)) * RAD_TO_DEG;
+    const lon = Math.atan2(ySum, xSum) * RAD_TO_DEG;
+    centre = { lat, lon };
+  } else {
+    centre = {
+      lat: latSum / validPoints.length,
+      lon: lonSum / validPoints.length
+    };
+  }
+
+  let maxDistanceKm = 0;
+  for (const [lat, lon] of validPoints) {
+    const distance = haversineDistanceKm(centre.lat, centre.lon, lat, lon);
+    if (distance > maxDistanceKm) {
+      maxDistanceKm = distance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const paddingFraction = Number.isFinite(options.paddingFraction) && options.paddingFraction >= 0
+    ? options.paddingFraction
+    : 0.15;
+  const minimumRangeKm = Number.isFinite(options.minimumRangeKm) && options.minimumRangeKm > 0
+    ? options.minimumRangeKm
+    : DEFAULT_MIN_RANGE_KM;
+  const paddedRangeKm = Math.max(minimumRangeKm, maxDistanceKm * (1 + paddingFraction));
+  const angularDistance = paddedRangeKm / EARTH_RADIUS_KM;
+  const latDelta = angularDistance * RAD_TO_DEG;
+  const minLat = clampLatitude(centre.lat - latDelta);
+  const maxLat = clampLatitude(centre.lat + latDelta);
+
+  const cosLat = Math.cos(toRadians(centre.lat));
+  const maxProjectedLonDelta = Math.min(
+    POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES,
+    Math.abs(cosLat) < COS_EPSILON
+      ? POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES
+      : (angularDistance * RAD_TO_DEG) / Math.max(Math.abs(cosLat), COS_EPSILON)
+  );
+
+  const normalisedLongitudes = validPoints.map(point => normaliseLongitudeAround(point[1], centre.lon));
+  let west = Math.min(...normalisedLongitudes, centre.lon - maxProjectedLonDelta);
+  let east = Math.max(...normalisedLongitudes, centre.lon + maxProjectedLonDelta);
+
+  if (!Number.isFinite(west) || !Number.isFinite(east)) {
+    west = centre.lon - maxProjectedLonDelta;
+    east = centre.lon + maxProjectedLonDelta;
+  }
+
+  if (east - west >= 360) {
+    west = -POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES;
+    east = POLE_LONGITUDE_SPAN_DEGREES;
+  }
+
+  return [[minLat, west], [maxLat, east]];
+}
+
+export const __testUtils = {
+  clampLatitude,
+  clampLongitude,
+  normaliseRange,
+  normaliseLongitudeAround
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether the provided value behaves like a plain object.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Candidate value.
+ * @returns {boolean} True when ``value`` is a non-null object.
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  return value != null && typeof value === 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a value to a trimmed string when possible.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Input value.
+ * @returns {string|null} Trimmed string or ``null`` when blank.
+ */
+function toTrimmedString(value) {
+  if (value == null) return null;
+  const str = String(value).trim();
+  return str.length === 0 ? null : str;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attempt to coerce the provided value into a finite number.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Raw value.
+ * @returns {number|null} Finite number or ``null`` when coercion fails.
+ */
+function toFiniteNumber(value) {
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : null;
+  }
+  if (value == null || value === '') return null;
+  const num = Number(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(num) ? num : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalise a neighbour entry so that downstream consumers can display it.
+ *
+ * @param {*} entry Raw neighbour entry.
+ * @returns {Object|null} Normalised neighbour reference or ``null`` when invalid.
+ */
+function normaliseNeighbor(entry) {
+  if (!isObject(entry)) return null;
+  const neighborId = toTrimmedString(entry.neighbor_id ?? entry.neighborId ?? entry.nodeId ?? entry.node_id);
+  if (!neighborId) return null;
+  const neighborShort = toTrimmedString(entry.neighbor_short_name ?? entry.neighborShortName ?? entry.short_name ?? entry.shortName);
+  const neighborLong = toTrimmedString(entry.neighbor_long_name ?? entry.neighborLongName ?? entry.long_name ?? entry.longName);
+  const neighborRole = toTrimmedString(entry.neighbor_role ?? entry.neighborRole ?? entry.role) || 'CLIENT';
+  const node = {
+    node_id: neighborId,
+    short_name: neighborShort ?? '',
+    long_name: neighborLong ?? '',
+    role: neighborRole,
+  };
+  const snr = toFiniteNumber(entry.snr);
+  const rxTime = toFiniteNumber(entry.rx_time ?? entry.rxTime);
+  const result = { node };
+  if (snr != null) {
+    result.snr = snr;
+  }
+  if (rxTime != null) {
+    result.rxTime = rxTime;
+    result.rx_time = rxTime;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert overlay node details into a map friendly payload.
+ *
+ * @param {*} source Raw overlay details.
+ * @returns {Object} Map node payload containing snake_case keys.
+ */
+export function overlayToPopupNode(source) {
+  if (!isObject(source)) {
+    return {
+      node_id: '',
+      node_num: null,
+      short_name: '',
+      long_name: '',
+      role: 'CLIENT',
+      neighbors: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  const nodeId = toTrimmedString(source.nodeId ?? source.node_id ?? source.id) ?? '';
+  const nodeNum = toFiniteNumber(source.nodeNum ?? source.node_num ?? source.num);
+  const role = toTrimmedString(source.role) || 'CLIENT';
+  const neighbours = Array.isArray(source.neighbors)
+    ? source.neighbors.map(normaliseNeighbor).filter(Boolean)
+    : [];
+
+  const payload = {
+    node_id: nodeId,
+    node_num: nodeNum,
+    short_name: toTrimmedString(source.shortName ?? source.short_name ?? source.name) ?? '',
+    long_name: toTrimmedString(source.longName ?? source.long_name ?? source.fullName ?? '') ?? '',
+    role,
+    hw_model: toTrimmedString(source.hwModel ?? source.hw_model ?? source.hardware) ?? '',
+    battery_level: toFiniteNumber(source.battery ?? source.battery_level),
+    voltage: toFiniteNumber(source.voltage),
+    uptime_seconds: toFiniteNumber(source.uptime ?? source.uptime_seconds),
+    channel_utilization: toFiniteNumber(source.channel ?? source.channel_utilization),
+    air_util_tx: toFiniteNumber(source.airUtil ?? source.air_util_tx),
+    temperature: toFiniteNumber(source.temperature),
+    relative_humidity: toFiniteNumber(source.humidity ?? source.relative_humidity),
+    barometric_pressure: toFiniteNumber(source.pressure ?? source.barometric_pressure),
+    telemetry_time: toFiniteNumber(source.telemetryTime ?? source.telemetry_time),
+    last_heard: toFiniteNumber(source.lastHeard ?? source.last_heard),
+    position_time: toFiniteNumber(source.positionTime ?? source.position_time),
+    latitude: toFiniteNumber(source.latitude),
+    longitude: toFiniteNumber(source.longitude),
+    altitude: toFiniteNumber(source.altitude),
+    neighbors: neighbours,
+  };
+
+  if (!payload.long_name && payload.short_name) {
+    payload.long_name = payload.short_name;
+  }
+
+  return payload;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attach an asynchronous refresh handler to a Leaflet marker so that
+ * up-to-date node information is fetched whenever the marker is clicked.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options Behaviour configuration.
+ * @param {Object} options.marker Leaflet marker instance supporting ``on``.
+ * @param {Function} options.getOverlayFallback Returns the fallback overlay payload.
+ * @param {Function} options.refreshNodeInformation Async function fetching node details.
+ * @param {Function} options.mergeOverlayDetails Merge function combining fetched and fallback details.
+ * @param {Function} options.createRequestToken Generates a token for cancellation tracking.
+ *   Receives the marker anchor element and the fallback overlay payload.
+ * @param {Function} options.isTokenCurrent Tests whether a request token is still current.
+ *   Receives the marker anchor element and the candidate token value.
+ * @param {Function} [options.showLoading] Callback invoked before refreshing.
+ * @param {Function} [options.showDetails] Callback invoked with merged overlay details.
+ * @param {Function} [options.showError] Callback invoked when refreshing fails.
+ * @param {Function} [options.updatePopup] Callback updating the marker popup contents.
+ * @param {Function} [options.shouldHandleClick] Predicate that decides whether the click should trigger a refresh.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+export function attachNodeInfoRefreshToMarker({
+  marker,
+  getOverlayFallback,
+  refreshNodeInformation,
+  mergeOverlayDetails,
+  createRequestToken,
+  isTokenCurrent,
+  showLoading,
+  showDetails,
+  showError,
+  updatePopup,
+  shouldHandleClick,
+}) {
+  if (!isObject(marker) || typeof marker.on !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('A Leaflet marker with an on() method is required');
+  }
+  if (typeof refreshNodeInformation !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('A refreshNodeInformation function must be provided');
+  }
+  if (typeof mergeOverlayDetails !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('A mergeOverlayDetails function must be provided');
+  }
+  if (typeof createRequestToken !== 'function' || typeof isTokenCurrent !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('Token management callbacks must be provided');
+  }
+
+  marker.on('click', event => {
+    if (event && event.originalEvent) {
+      const original = event.originalEvent;
+      if (typeof original.preventDefault === 'function') {
+        original.preventDefault();
+      }
+      if (typeof original.stopPropagation === 'function') {
+        original.stopPropagation();
+      }
+    }
+
+    const fallbackOverlay = typeof getOverlayFallback === 'function' ? getOverlayFallback() : null;
+    const anchor = typeof marker.getElement === 'function' ? marker.getElement() : null;
+
+    if (!isObject(fallbackOverlay)) {
+      if (anchor && typeof showDetails === 'function') {
+        showDetails(anchor, {});
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof shouldHandleClick === 'function' && !shouldHandleClick(anchor, fallbackOverlay)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof updatePopup === 'function') {
+      updatePopup(fallbackOverlay);
+    }
+
+    const nodeId = toTrimmedString(fallbackOverlay.nodeId ?? fallbackOverlay.node_id ?? fallbackOverlay.id);
+    const nodeNum = toFiniteNumber(fallbackOverlay.nodeNum ?? fallbackOverlay.node_num ?? fallbackOverlay.num);
+
+    if (!nodeId && nodeNum == null) {
+      if (anchor && typeof showDetails === 'function') {
+        showDetails(anchor, fallbackOverlay);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const requestToken = createRequestToken(anchor, fallbackOverlay);
+
+    if (anchor && typeof showLoading === 'function') {
+      showLoading(anchor, fallbackOverlay);
+    }
+
+    const reference = { fallback: fallbackOverlay };
+    if (nodeId) reference.nodeId = nodeId;
+    if (nodeNum != null) reference.nodeNum = nodeNum;
+
+    let refreshPromise;
+    try {
+      refreshPromise = Promise.resolve(refreshNodeInformation(reference));
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isTokenCurrent(anchor, requestToken)) {
+        if (anchor && typeof showError === 'function') {
+          showError(anchor, fallbackOverlay, error);
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    refreshPromise
+      .then(details => {
+        if (!isTokenCurrent(anchor, requestToken)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        const merged = mergeOverlayDetails(details, fallbackOverlay);
+        if (typeof updatePopup === 'function') {
+          updatePopup(merged);
+        }
+        if (anchor && typeof showDetails === 'function') {
+          showDetails(anchor, merged);
+        }
+      })
+      .catch(error => {
+        if (!isTokenCurrent(anchor, requestToken)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        if (typeof updatePopup === 'function') {
+          updatePopup(fallbackOverlay);
+        }
+        if (anchor && typeof showError === 'function') {
+          showError(anchor, fallbackOverlay, error);
+        }
+      });
+  });
+}
+
+export const __testUtils = {
+  isObject,
+  toTrimmedString,
+  toFiniteNumber,
+  normaliseNeighbor,
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+const DEFAULT_FETCH_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({ cache: 'no-store' });
+const TELEMETRY_LIMIT = 1;
+const POSITION_LIMIT = 1;
+const NEIGHBOR_LIMIT = 1000;
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether the supplied value behaves like a plain object.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Candidate value.
+ * @returns {boolean} True when ``value`` is an object instance.
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  return value != null && typeof value === 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a candidate value into a trimmed string representation.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Raw value from an API payload.
+ * @returns {string|null} Trimmed string or ``null`` when blank.
+ */
+function toTrimmedString(value) {
+  if (value == null) return null;
+  const str = String(value).trim();
+  return str.length === 0 ? null : str;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerce a candidate value to a finite number when possible.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Raw value from an API payload.
+ * @returns {number|null} Finite number or ``null`` when coercion fails.
+ */
+function toFiniteNumber(value) {
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : null;
+  }
+  if (value == null || value === '') return null;
+  const num = Number(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(num) ? num : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the first non-empty string associated with one of the provided keys.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} record Source record inspected for values.
+ * @param {Array<string>} keys Candidate property names.
+ * @returns {string|null} First non-empty string or ``null``.
+ */
+function extractString(record, keys) {
+  if (!isObject(record)) return null;
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(record, key)) continue;
+    const value = toTrimmedString(record[key]);
+    if (value != null) return value;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the first finite number associated with the provided keys.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} record Source record inspected for values.
+ * @param {Array<string>} keys Candidate property names.
+ * @returns {number|null} First finite number or ``null``.
+ */
+function extractNumber(record, keys) {
+  if (!isObject(record)) return null;
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(record, key)) continue;
+    const value = toFiniteNumber(record[key]);
+    if (value != null) return value;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assign a string property when the supplied value is present.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} target Destination object mutated with the value.
+ * @param {string} key Property name to assign.
+ * @param {*} value Raw value to assign.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Behaviour modifiers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.preferExisting=false] When true, only assign when the target lacks a value.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function assignString(target, key, value, { preferExisting = false } = {}) {
+  const stringValue = toTrimmedString(value);
+  if (stringValue == null) return;
+  if (preferExisting) {
+    const existing = toTrimmedString(target[key]);
+    if (existing != null) return;
+  }
+  target[key] = stringValue;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assign a numeric property when the supplied value parses successfully.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} target Destination object mutated with the value.
+ * @param {string} key Property name to assign.
+ * @param {*} value Raw value to assign.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Behaviour modifiers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.preferExisting=false] When true, only assign when the target lacks a value.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function assignNumber(target, key, value, { preferExisting = false } = {}) {
+  const numericValue = toFiniteNumber(value);
+  if (numericValue == null) return;
+  if (preferExisting) {
+    const existing = toFiniteNumber(target[key]);
+    if (existing != null) return;
+  }
+  target[key] = numericValue;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merge base node fields from an arbitrary record into the aggregate node object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} target Mutable aggregate node reference.
+ * @param {Object} record Source record providing base attributes.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function mergeNodeFields(target, record) {
+  if (!isObject(record)) return;
+  assignString(target, 'nodeId', extractString(record, ['nodeId', 'node_id']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'nodeNum', extractNumber(record, ['nodeNum', 'node_num', 'num']));
+  assignString(target, 'shortName', extractString(record, ['shortName', 'short_name']));
+  assignString(target, 'longName', extractString(record, ['longName', 'long_name']));
+  assignString(target, 'role', extractString(record, ['role']));
+  assignString(target, 'hwModel', extractString(record, ['hwModel', 'hw_model']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'snr', extractNumber(record, ['snr']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'battery', extractNumber(record, ['battery', 'battery_level', 'batteryLevel']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'voltage', extractNumber(record, ['voltage']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'uptime', extractNumber(record, ['uptime', 'uptime_seconds', 'uptimeSeconds']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'channel', extractNumber(record, ['channel', 'channel_utilization', 'channelUtilization']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'airUtil', extractNumber(record, ['airUtil', 'air_util_tx', 'airUtilTx']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'temperature', extractNumber(record, ['temperature']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'humidity', extractNumber(record, ['humidity', 'relative_humidity', 'relativeHumidity']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'pressure', extractNumber(record, ['pressure', 'barometric_pressure', 'barometricPressure']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'lastHeard', extractNumber(record, ['lastHeard', 'last_heard']));
+  assignString(target, 'lastSeenIso', extractString(record, ['lastSeenIso', 'last_seen_iso']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'positionTime', extractNumber(record, ['position_time', 'positionTime']));
+  assignString(target, 'positionTimeIso', extractString(record, ['position_time_iso', 'positionTimeIso']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'telemetryTime', extractNumber(record, ['telemetry_time', 'telemetryTime']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'latitude', extractNumber(record, ['latitude']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'longitude', extractNumber(record, ['longitude']));
+  assignNumber(target, 'altitude', extractNumber(record, ['altitude']));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merge telemetry metrics into the aggregate node object when missing.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} target Mutable aggregate node reference.
+ * @param {Object} telemetry Telemetry record returned by the API.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function mergeTelemetry(target, telemetry) {
+  if (!isObject(telemetry)) return;
+  target.telemetry = telemetry;
+  assignString(target, 'nodeId', extractString(telemetry, ['node_id', 'nodeId']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'nodeNum', extractNumber(telemetry, ['node_num', 'nodeNum']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'battery', extractNumber(telemetry, ['battery_level', 'batteryLevel']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'voltage', extractNumber(telemetry, ['voltage']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'uptime', extractNumber(telemetry, ['uptime_seconds', 'uptimeSeconds']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'channel', extractNumber(telemetry, ['channel', 'channel_utilization', 'channelUtilization']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'airUtil', extractNumber(telemetry, ['air_util_tx', 'airUtilTx', 'airUtil']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'temperature', extractNumber(telemetry, ['temperature']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'humidity', extractNumber(telemetry, ['relative_humidity', 'relativeHumidity', 'humidity']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'pressure', extractNumber(telemetry, ['barometric_pressure', 'barometricPressure', 'pressure']), { preferExisting: true });
+
+  const telemetryTime = extractNumber(telemetry, ['telemetry_time', 'telemetryTime']);
+  if (telemetryTime != null) {
+    const existingTelemetryTime = toFiniteNumber(target.telemetryTime);
+    if (existingTelemetryTime == null || telemetryTime > existingTelemetryTime) {
+      target.telemetryTime = telemetryTime;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const rxTime = extractNumber(telemetry, ['rx_time', 'rxTime']);
+  if (rxTime != null) {
+    const existingLastHeard = toFiniteNumber(target.lastHeard);
+    if (existingLastHeard == null || rxTime > existingLastHeard) {
+      target.lastHeard = rxTime;
+      assignString(target, 'lastSeenIso', extractString(telemetry, ['rx_iso', 'rxIso']));
+    } else {
+      assignString(target, 'lastSeenIso', extractString(telemetry, ['rx_iso', 'rxIso']), { preferExisting: true });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merge position data into the aggregate node object when missing.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} target Mutable aggregate node reference.
+ * @param {Object} position Position record returned by the API.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function mergePosition(target, position) {
+  if (!isObject(position)) return;
+  target.position = position;
+  assignString(target, 'nodeId', extractString(position, ['node_id', 'nodeId']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'nodeNum', extractNumber(position, ['node_num', 'nodeNum']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'latitude', extractNumber(position, ['latitude']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'longitude', extractNumber(position, ['longitude']), { preferExisting: true });
+  assignNumber(target, 'altitude', extractNumber(position, ['altitude']), { preferExisting: true });
+
+  const positionTime = extractNumber(position, ['position_time', 'positionTime']);
+  if (positionTime != null) {
+    const existingPositionTime = toFiniteNumber(target.positionTime);
+    if (existingPositionTime == null || positionTime > existingPositionTime) {
+      target.positionTime = positionTime;
+      assignString(target, 'positionTimeIso', extractString(position, ['position_time_iso', 'positionTimeIso']));
+    } else {
+      assignString(target, 'positionTimeIso', extractString(position, ['position_time_iso', 'positionTimeIso']), { preferExisting: true });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const rxTime = extractNumber(position, ['rx_time', 'rxTime']);
+  if (rxTime != null) {
+    const existingLastHeard = toFiniteNumber(target.lastHeard);
+    if (existingLastHeard == null || rxTime > existingLastHeard) {
+      target.lastHeard = rxTime;
+      assignString(target, 'lastSeenIso', extractString(position, ['rx_iso', 'rxIso']));
+    } else {
+      assignString(target, 'lastSeenIso', extractString(position, ['rx_iso', 'rxIso']), { preferExisting: true });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Safely parse a fallback payload used as an initial node reference.
+ *
+ * @param {*} fallback User-provided fallback data.
+ * @returns {Object|null} Parsed fallback object or ``null``.
+ */
+function parseFallback(fallback) {
+  if (isObject(fallback)) return { ...fallback };
+  if (typeof fallback === 'string') {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(fallback);
+      return isObject(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn('Failed to parse node fallback payload', error);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalise a node reference into a canonical structure used by the fetcher.
+ *
+ * @param {*} reference Raw reference passed to {@link refreshNodeInformation}.
+ * @returns {{nodeId: (string|null), nodeNum: (number|null), fallback: (Object|null)}} Normalised reference data.
+ */
+function normalizeReference(reference) {
+  if (reference == null) {
+    return { nodeId: null, nodeNum: null, fallback: null };
+  }
+  if (typeof reference === 'string') {
+    return { nodeId: toTrimmedString(reference), nodeNum: null, fallback: null };
+  }
+  if (typeof reference === 'number') {
+    const nodeNum = toFiniteNumber(reference);
+    return { nodeId: null, nodeNum, fallback: null };
+  }
+
+  if (!isObject(reference)) {
+    return { nodeId: null, nodeNum: null, fallback: null };
+  }
+
+  const fallback = parseFallback(reference.fallback ?? reference.nodeInfo ?? null);
+  let nodeId = toTrimmedString(reference.nodeId ?? reference.node_id ?? null);
+  if (nodeId == null) {
+    nodeId = toTrimmedString(fallback?.nodeId ?? fallback?.node_id ?? null);
+  }
+  let nodeNum = reference.nodeNum ?? reference.node_num ?? null;
+  if (nodeNum == null) {
+    nodeNum = fallback?.nodeNum ?? fallback?.node_num ?? null;
+  }
+  nodeNum = toFiniteNumber(nodeNum);
+
+  return { nodeId, nodeNum, fallback };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and merge node, telemetry, position, and neighbor information.
+ *
+ * @param {*} reference Node identifier string/number or an object containing ``nodeId``/``nodeNum``.
+ * @param {{fetchImpl?: Function}} [options] Optional overrides such as a custom ``fetch`` implementation.
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} Normalised node payload enriched with telemetry, position, and neighbor data.
+ */
+export async function refreshNodeInformation(reference, options = {}) {
+  const normalized = normalizeReference(reference);
+  const fetchImpl = typeof options.fetchImpl === 'function' ? options.fetchImpl : globalThis.fetch;
+  if (typeof fetchImpl !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('A fetch implementation is required to refresh node information');
+  }
+
+  const identifier = normalized.nodeId ?? normalized.nodeNum;
+  if (identifier == null) {
+    throw new Error('A node identifier or numeric reference must be provided');
+  }
+
+  const encodedId = encodeURIComponent(String(identifier));
+
+  const [nodeRecord, telemetryRecords, positionRecords, neighborRecords] = await Promise.all([
+    (async () => {
+      const response = await fetchImpl(`/api/nodes/${encodedId}`, DEFAULT_FETCH_OPTIONS);
+      if (response.status === 404) return null;
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to load node information (HTTP ${response.status})`);
+      }
+      return response.json();
+    })(),
+    (async () => {
+      const response = await fetchImpl(`/api/telemetry/${encodedId}?limit=${TELEMETRY_LIMIT}`, DEFAULT_FETCH_OPTIONS);
+      if (response.status === 404) return [];
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to load telemetry information (HTTP ${response.status})`);
+      }
+      return response.json();
+    })(),
+    (async () => {
+      const response = await fetchImpl(`/api/positions/${encodedId}?limit=${POSITION_LIMIT}`, DEFAULT_FETCH_OPTIONS);
+      if (response.status === 404) return [];
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to load position information (HTTP ${response.status})`);
+      }
+      return response.json();
+    })(),
+    (async () => {
+      const response = await fetchImpl(`/api/neighbors/${encodedId}?limit=${NEIGHBOR_LIMIT}`, DEFAULT_FETCH_OPTIONS);
+      if (response.status === 404) return [];
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to load neighbor information (HTTP ${response.status})`);
+      }
+      return response.json();
+    })(),
+  ]);
+
+  const telemetryEntry = Array.isArray(telemetryRecords) ? telemetryRecords[0] ?? null : telemetryRecords ?? null;
+  const positionEntry = Array.isArray(positionRecords) ? positionRecords[0] ?? null : positionRecords ?? null;
+  const neighborEntries = Array.isArray(neighborRecords) ? neighborRecords.filter(isObject) : [];
+
+  const node = { neighbors: neighborEntries };
+
+  if (normalized.fallback) {
+    mergeNodeFields(node, normalized.fallback);
+  }
+  if (nodeRecord) {
+    mergeNodeFields(node, nodeRecord);
+  }
+  if (normalized.nodeId && !node.nodeId) {
+    node.nodeId = normalized.nodeId;
+  }
+  if (normalized.nodeNum != null && toFiniteNumber(node.nodeNum) == null) {
+    node.nodeNum = normalized.nodeNum;
+  }
+
+  mergeTelemetry(node, telemetryEntry);
+  mergePosition(node, positionEntry);
+
+  const derivedLastHeardValues = [
+    toFiniteNumber(node.lastHeard),
+    toFiniteNumber(node.telemetryTime),
+    toFiniteNumber(node.positionTime),
+  ].filter(value => value != null);
+  if (derivedLastHeardValues.length > 0) {
+    node.lastHeard = Math.max(...derivedLastHeardValues);
+  }
+
+  if (!node.role) {
+    node.role = 'CLIENT';
+  }
+
+  node.rawSources = {
+    node: nodeRecord,
+    telemetry: telemetryEntry,
+    position: positionEntry,
+    neighbors: neighborEntries,
+  };
+
+  return node;
+}
+
+export const __testUtils = {
+  toTrimmedString,
+  toFiniteNumber,
+  extractString,
+  extractNumber,
+  assignString,
+  assignNumber,
+  mergeNodeFields,
+  mergeTelemetry,
+  mergePosition,
+  parseFallback,
+  normalizeReference,
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Default configuration values applied when the server omits a field.
+ *
+ * @type {{
+ *   refreshMs: number,
+ *   refreshIntervalSeconds: number,
+ *   chatEnabled: boolean,
+ *   channel: string,
+ *   frequency: string,
+ *   contactLink: string,
+ *   contactLinkUrl: string | null,
+ *   mapCenter: { lat: number, lon: number },
+ *   maxDistanceKm: number,
+ *   tileFilters: { light: string, dark: string }
+ * }}
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
+  refreshMs: 60_000,
+  refreshIntervalSeconds: 60,
+  chatEnabled: true,
+  channel: '#LongFast',
+  frequency: '915MHz',
+  contactLink: '#potatomesh:dod.ngo',
+  contactLinkUrl: 'https://matrix.to/#/#potatomesh:dod.ngo',
+  mapCenter: { lat: 38.761944, lon: -27.090833 },
+  maxDistanceKm: 42,
+  tileFilters: {
+    light: 'grayscale(1) saturate(0) brightness(0.92) contrast(1.05)',
+    dark: 'grayscale(1) invert(1) brightness(0.9) contrast(1.08)'
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merge raw configuration data from the DOM with the defaults.
+ *
+ * @param {Object<string, *>} raw Partial configuration read from ``readAppConfig``.
+ * @returns {typeof DEFAULT_CONFIG} Fully populated configuration object.
+ */
+export function mergeConfig(raw) {
+  const config = { ...DEFAULT_CONFIG, ...(raw || {}) };
+  config.mapCenter = {
+    lat: Number(raw?.mapCenter?.lat ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG.mapCenter.lat),
+    lon: Number(raw?.mapCenter?.lon ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG.mapCenter.lon)
+  };
+  config.tileFilters = {
+    light: raw?.tileFilters?.light || DEFAULT_CONFIG.tileFilters.light,
+    dark: raw?.tileFilters?.dark || DEFAULT_CONFIG.tileFilters.dark
+  };
+  const refreshIntervalSeconds = Number(
+    raw?.refreshIntervalSeconds ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG.refreshIntervalSeconds
+  );
+  config.refreshIntervalSeconds = Number.isFinite(refreshIntervalSeconds)
+    ? refreshIntervalSeconds
+    : DEFAULT_CONFIG.refreshIntervalSeconds;
+  const refreshMs = Number(raw?.refreshMs ?? config.refreshIntervalSeconds * 1000);
+  config.refreshMs = Number.isFinite(refreshMs) ? refreshMs : DEFAULT_CONFIG.refreshMs;
+  config.chatEnabled = Boolean(raw?.chatEnabled ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG.chatEnabled);
+  config.channel = raw?.channel || DEFAULT_CONFIG.channel;
+  config.frequency = raw?.frequency || DEFAULT_CONFIG.frequency;
+  config.contactLink = raw?.contactLink || DEFAULT_CONFIG.contactLink;
+  config.contactLinkUrl = raw?.contactLinkUrl ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG.contactLinkUrl;
+  const maxDistance = Number(raw?.maxDistanceKm ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG.maxDistanceKm);
+  config.maxDistanceKm = Number.isFinite(maxDistance)
+    ? maxDistance
+    : DEFAULT_CONFIG.maxDistanceKm;
+  return config;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+const DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ID = 'shortInfoOverlayTemplate';
+const FULLSCREEN_CHANGE_EVENTS = [
+  'fullscreenchange',
+  'webkitfullscreenchange',
+  'mozfullscreenchange',
+  'MSFullscreenChange',
+];
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the element currently presented in fullscreen mode.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} doc Host document reference.
+ * @returns {?Element} Fullscreen element or ``null`` when fullscreen is inactive.
+ */
+function getFullscreenElement(doc) {
+  if (!doc) return null;
+  return (
+    doc.fullscreenElement ||
+    doc.webkitFullscreenElement ||
+    doc.mozFullScreenElement ||
+    doc.msFullscreenElement ||
+    null
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine the container that should host overlays.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} doc Host document reference.
+ * @returns {?Element} Preferred overlay host element.
+ */
+function resolveOverlayHost(doc) {
+  const fullscreenElement = getFullscreenElement(doc);
+  if (fullscreenElement && typeof fullscreenElement.appendChild === 'function') {
+    return fullscreenElement;
+  }
+  return doc && doc.body && typeof doc.body.appendChild === 'function' ? doc.body : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update overlay positioning mode based on fullscreen state.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} element Overlay DOM node.
+ * @param {Document} doc Host document reference.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function applyOverlayPositioning(element, doc) {
+  if (!element || !element.style) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const fullscreenElement = getFullscreenElement(doc);
+  const desired = fullscreenElement ? 'fixed' : 'absolute';
+  if (element.style.position !== desired) {
+    element.style.position = desired;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether a value behaves like a DOM element that can host overlays.
+ *
+ * @param {*} candidate Potential anchor element.
+ * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when the candidate exposes the required DOM API.
+ */
+function isValidAnchor(candidate) {
+  return (
+    candidate != null &&
+    typeof candidate === 'object' &&
+    typeof candidate.getBoundingClientRect === 'function'
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a factory that instantiates overlay DOM nodes.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} document Host document reference.
+ * @param {?Element} template Template element cloned for each overlay.
+ * @returns {Function} Factory generating overlay nodes with close/content refs.
+ */
+function createDefaultOverlayFactory(document, template) {
+  const templateNode =
+    template && template.content && template.content.firstElementChild
+      ? template.content.firstElementChild
+      : null;
+
+  return () => {
+    let overlay;
+    if (templateNode && typeof templateNode.cloneNode === 'function') {
+      overlay = templateNode.cloneNode(true);
+    } else {
+      overlay = document.createElement('div');
+      overlay.className = 'short-info-overlay';
+      overlay.setAttribute('role', 'dialog');
+      overlay.setAttribute('aria-modal', 'false');
+      const closeButton = document.createElement('button');
+      closeButton.type = 'button';
+      closeButton.className = 'short-info-close';
+      closeButton.setAttribute('aria-label', 'Close node details');
+      closeButton.textContent = '×';
+      const content = document.createElement('div');
+      content.className = 'short-info-content';
+      overlay.appendChild(closeButton);
+      overlay.appendChild(content);
+    }
+
+    const closeButton =
+      typeof overlay.querySelector === 'function'
+        ? overlay.querySelector('.short-info-close')
+        : null;
+    const content =
+      typeof overlay.querySelector === 'function'
+        ? overlay.querySelector('.short-info-content')
+        : null;
+
+    return { overlay, closeButton, content };
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a no-op overlay stack used when the DOM primitives are unavailable.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object} Overlay stack interface with inert behaviour.
+ */
+function createNoopOverlayStack() {
+  return {
+    render() {},
+    close() {},
+    closeAll() {},
+    isOpen() {
+      return false;
+    },
+    containsNode() {
+      return false;
+    },
+    positionAll() {},
+    cleanupOrphans() {},
+    incrementRequestToken() {
+      return 0;
+    },
+    isTokenCurrent() {
+      return false;
+    },
+    getOpenOverlays() {
+      return [];
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a stack manager that renders and positions short-info overlays.
+ *
+ * @param {{
+ *   document?: Document,
+ *   window?: Window,
+ *   templateId?: string,
+ *   template?: Element,
+ *   factory?: Function
+ * }} [options] Overlay configuration and host references.
+ * @returns {{
+ *   render: (anchor: Element, html: string) => void,
+ *   close: (anchor: Element) => void,
+ *   closeAll: () => void,
+ *   isOpen: (anchor: Element) => boolean,
+ *   containsNode: (node: Node) => boolean,
+ *   positionAll: () => void,
+ *   cleanupOrphans: () => void,
+ *   incrementRequestToken: (anchor: Element) => number,
+ *   isTokenCurrent: (anchor: Element, token: number) => boolean,
+ *   getOpenOverlays: () => Array<{ anchor: Element, element: Element }>
+ * }} Overlay stack interface.
+ */
+export function createShortInfoOverlayStack(options = {}) {
+  const doc = options.document || globalThis.document || null;
+  const win = options.window || globalThis.window || null;
+
+  if (!doc || !doc.body) {
+    return createNoopOverlayStack();
+  }
+
+  const template =
+    options.template !== undefined
+      ? options.template
+      : doc.getElementById(options.templateId || DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ID);
+
+  const overlayFactory =
+    typeof options.factory === 'function'
+      ? options.factory
+      : createDefaultOverlayFactory(doc, template);
+
+  const overlayStates = new Map();
+  const overlayOrder = [];
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the active overlay host element.
+   *
+   * @returns {?Element} Host element capable of containing overlays.
+   */
+  function getOverlayHost() {
+    return resolveOverlayHost(doc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append ``element`` to the preferred overlay host when necessary.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} element Overlay root element.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function ensureOverlayAttached(element) {
+    if (!element) return;
+    const host = getOverlayHost();
+    if (!host) return;
+    if (element.parentNode !== host) {
+      host.appendChild(element);
+    }
+    applyOverlayPositioning(element, doc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * React to fullscreen transitions by reattaching overlays to the active host.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function handleFullscreenChange() {
+    for (const state of overlayStates.values()) {
+      ensureOverlayAttached(state.element);
+    }
+    positionAll();
+  }
+
+  if (doc && typeof doc.addEventListener === 'function') {
+    for (const eventName of FULLSCREEN_CHANGE_EVENTS) {
+      doc.addEventListener(eventName, handleFullscreenChange);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove an overlay element from the DOM tree.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} element Overlay root element.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function detachOverlayElement(element) {
+    if (!element) return;
+    if (typeof element.remove === 'function') {
+      element.remove();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (element.parentNode && typeof element.parentNode.removeChild === 'function') {
+      element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create or retrieve the overlay state associated with ``anchor``.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor element.
+   * @returns {{
+   *   anchor: Element,
+   *   element: Element,
+   *   content: Element,
+   *   closeButton: Element,
+   *   requestToken: number
+   * }|null} Overlay state or ``null`` when creation fails.
+   */
+  function ensureState(anchor) {
+    if (!isValidAnchor(anchor)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    let state = overlayStates.get(anchor);
+    if (state) {
+      return state;
+    }
+
+    const created = overlayFactory();
+    if (!created || !created.overlay || !created.content) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const overlayEl = created.overlay;
+    const closeButton = created.closeButton || null;
+    const contentEl = created.content;
+
+    if (typeof overlayEl.setAttribute === 'function') {
+      overlayEl.setAttribute('data-short-info-overlay', '');
+    }
+
+    if (closeButton && typeof closeButton.addEventListener === 'function') {
+      closeButton.addEventListener('click', event => {
+        if (event) {
+          if (typeof event.preventDefault === 'function') {
+            event.preventDefault();
+          }
+          if (typeof event.stopPropagation === 'function') {
+            event.stopPropagation();
+          }
+        }
+        close(anchor);
+      });
+    }
+
+    ensureOverlayAttached(overlayEl);
+
+    state = {
+      anchor,
+      element: overlayEl,
+      content: contentEl,
+      closeButton,
+      requestToken: 0,
+    };
+    overlayStates.set(anchor, state);
+    overlayOrder.push(state);
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the overlay state associated with ``anchor``.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor element.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function removeState(anchor) {
+    const state = overlayStates.get(anchor);
+    if (!state) return;
+    overlayStates.delete(anchor);
+    const index = overlayOrder.indexOf(state);
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      overlayOrder.splice(index, 1);
+    }
+    detachOverlayElement(state.element);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Position an overlay relative to its anchor element.
+   *
+   * @param {{ anchor: Element, element: Element }} state Overlay state entry.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function positionState(state) {
+    if (!state || !state.anchor || !state.element) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!doc.body.contains(state.anchor)) {
+      close(state.anchor);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const rect = state.anchor.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const overlayRect =
+      typeof state.element.getBoundingClientRect === 'function'
+        ? state.element.getBoundingClientRect()
+        : { width: 0, height: 0 };
+    const viewportWidth =
+      (doc.documentElement && doc.documentElement.clientWidth) ||
+      (win && typeof win.innerWidth === 'number' ? win.innerWidth : 0);
+    const viewportHeight =
+      (doc.documentElement && doc.documentElement.clientHeight) ||
+      (win && typeof win.innerHeight === 'number' ? win.innerHeight : 0);
+    const scrollX = (win && typeof win.scrollX === 'number' ? win.scrollX : 0) || 0;
+    const scrollY = (win && typeof win.scrollY === 'number' ? win.scrollY : 0) || 0;
+    const fullscreenElement = getFullscreenElement(doc);
+    const offsetX = fullscreenElement ? 0 : scrollX;
+    const offsetY = fullscreenElement ? 0 : scrollY;
+
+    let left = rect.left + offsetX;
+    let top = rect.top + offsetY;
+
+    if (viewportWidth > 0) {
+      const maxLeft = offsetX + viewportWidth - overlayRect.width - 8;
+      left = Math.max(offsetX + 8, Math.min(left, maxLeft));
+    }
+    if (viewportHeight > 0) {
+      const maxTop = offsetY + viewportHeight - overlayRect.height - 8;
+      top = Math.max(offsetY + 8, Math.min(top, maxTop));
+    }
+
+    if (state.element.style) {
+      applyOverlayPositioning(state.element, doc);
+      state.element.style.left = `${left}px`;
+      state.element.style.top = `${top}px`;
+      state.element.style.visibility = 'visible';
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Schedule positioning of an overlay for the next animation frame.
+   *
+   * @param {{ anchor: Element, element: Element }} state Overlay state entry.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function schedulePosition(state) {
+    if (!state || !state.element) return;
+    if (state.element.style) {
+      state.element.style.visibility = 'hidden';
+    }
+    const raf = (win && win.requestAnimationFrame) || globalThis.requestAnimationFrame;
+    if (typeof raf === 'function') {
+      raf(() => positionState(state));
+    } else {
+      setTimeout(() => positionState(state), 16);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Render overlay content anchored to the provided element.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor element driving overlay placement.
+   * @param {string} html Inner HTML displayed in the overlay body.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function render(anchor, html) {
+    const state = ensureState(anchor);
+    if (!state) {
+      return;
+    }
+    ensureOverlayAttached(state.element);
+    if (state.content && typeof state.content.innerHTML === 'string') {
+      state.content.innerHTML = html;
+    }
+    if (state.element && typeof state.element.removeAttribute === 'function') {
+      state.element.removeAttribute('hidden');
+    }
+    schedulePosition(state);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the overlay associated with ``anchor``.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor element whose overlay should be removed.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function close(anchor) {
+    const state = overlayStates.get(anchor);
+    if (!state) return;
+    state.requestToken += 1;
+    removeState(anchor);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determine whether an overlay for ``anchor`` is currently open.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor element to test.
+   * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when an overlay exists for the anchor.
+   */
+  function isOpen(anchor) {
+    return overlayStates.has(anchor);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close every active overlay.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function closeAll() {
+    const anchors = Array.from(overlayStates.keys());
+    for (const anchor of anchors) {
+      close(anchor);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test whether the provided DOM node belongs to any overlay.
+   *
+   * @param {Node} node Candidate DOM node.
+   * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when the node is inside an overlay.
+   */
+  function containsNode(node) {
+    if (!node) return false;
+    for (const state of overlayStates.values()) {
+      if (state.element && typeof state.element.contains === 'function') {
+        if (state.element.contains(node)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reposition all overlays based on the latest viewport metrics.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function positionAll() {
+    for (const state of overlayStates.values()) {
+      positionState(state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove overlays whose anchors are no longer part of the document body.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function cleanupOrphans() {
+    for (const state of Array.from(overlayStates.values())) {
+      if (!doc.body.contains(state.anchor)) {
+        close(state.anchor);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Increment and return the request token for the provided anchor.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor whose request token should be updated.
+   * @returns {number} Updated token value.
+   */
+  function incrementRequestToken(anchor) {
+    const state = ensureState(anchor);
+    if (!state) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    state.requestToken += 1;
+    return state.requestToken;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determine whether ``token`` is still current for ``anchor``.
+   *
+   * @param {Element} anchor Anchor element associated with the request.
+   * @param {number} token Token obtained from ``incrementRequestToken``.
+   * @returns {boolean} ``true`` when the token is current.
+   */
+  function isTokenCurrent(anchor, token) {
+    const state = overlayStates.get(anchor);
+    if (!state) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return state.requestToken === token;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve diagnostic information about open overlays.
+   *
+   * @returns {Array<{ anchor: Element, element: Element }>}
+   */
+  function getOpenOverlays() {
+    return overlayOrder.map(state => ({ anchor: state.anchor, element: state.element }));
+  }
+
+  return {
+    render,
+    close,
+    closeAll,
+    isOpen,
+    containsNode,
+    positionAll,
+    cleanupOrphans,
+    incrementRequestToken,
+    isTokenCurrent,
+    getOpenOverlays,
+  };
+}
+
+export const __testUtils = {
+  isValidAnchor,
+  createDefaultOverlayFactory,
+  createNoopOverlayStack,
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+(function () {
+  'use strict';
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the background colour that should be applied to the document.
+   *
+   * @returns {?string} CSS colour string or ``null`` if resolution fails.
+   */
+  function resolveBackgroundColor() {
+    if (!document.body) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    var color = '';
+    try {
+      var styles = window.getComputedStyle(document.body);
+      if (styles) {
+        color = styles.getPropertyValue('--bg');
+        if (color) {
+          color = color.trim();
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      color = '';
+    }
+
+    if (!color) {
+      color = document.body.classList.contains('dark') ? '#0e1418' : '#f6f3ee';
+    }
+
+    return color;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Apply the resolved background colour to the page root elements.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function applyBackground() {
+    var color = resolveBackgroundColor();
+    if (!color) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor = color;
+    document.documentElement.style.backgroundImage = 'none';
+    document.body.style.backgroundColor = color;
+    document.body.style.backgroundImage = 'none';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize the background helper once the DOM is ready.
+   *
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function init() {
+    applyBackground();
+  }
+
+  function bootstrap() {
+    document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);
+    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);
+    } else {
+      init();
+    }
+  }
+
+  bootstrap();
+
+  window.addEventListener('themechange', applyBackground);
+
+  /**
+   * Testing hooks exposing background helpers.
+   *
+   * @type {{
+   *   applyBackground: function(): void,
+   *   resolveBackgroundColor: function(): (?string),
+   *   __testHooks: {
+   *     bootstrap: function(): void,
+   *     init: function(): void
+   *   }
+   * }}
+   */
+  window.__potatoBackground = {
+    applyBackground: applyBackground,
+    resolveBackgroundColor: resolveBackgroundColor,
+    __testHooks: {
+      bootstrap: bootstrap,
+      init: init
+    }
+  };
+})();
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 l5yth
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+(function () {
+  /**
+   * Number of seconds theme preferences should persist in the cookie store.
+   *
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  var THEME_COOKIE_MAX_AGE = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve a cookie value by name.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Cookie identifier.
+   * @returns {?string} Decoded cookie value or ``null`` when absent.
+   */
+  function getCookie(name) {
+    var matcher = new RegExp(
+      '(?:^|; )' + name.replace(/([.$?*|{}()\[\]\\/+^])/g, '\\$1') + '=([^;]*)'
+    );
+    var match = document.cookie.match(matcher);
+    return match ? decodeURIComponent(match[1]) : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert cookie options to a serialized string suitable for ``document.cookie``.
+   *
+   * @param {Object<string, *>} options Map of cookie attribute keys and values.
+   * @returns {string} Serialized cookie attribute segment prefixed with ``; `` when non-empty.
+   */
+  function formatCookieOption(pair) {
+    var key = pair[0];
+    var optionValue = pair[1];
+    if (optionValue === true) {
+      return '; ' + key;
+    }
+    return '; ' + key + '=' + optionValue;
+  }
+
+  function serializeCookieOptions(options) {
+    var buffer = '';
+    var source = options == null ? {} : options;
+    var entries = Object.entries(source);
+    for (var index = 0; index < entries.length;) {
+      buffer += formatCookieOption(entries[index]);
+      index += 1;
+    }
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Persist a cookie with optional attributes.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name Cookie identifier.
+   * @param {string} value Value to store.
+   * @param {Object<string, *>} [opts] Additional cookie attributes.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function setCookie(name, value, opts) {
+    var options = Object.assign(
+      { path: '/', 'max-age': THEME_COOKIE_MAX_AGE, SameSite: 'Lax' },
+      opts || {}
+    );
+    var updated = encodeURIComponent(name) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value);
+    updated += serializeCookieOptions(options);
+    document.cookie = updated;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Store the user's preferred theme selection.
+   *
+   * @param {string} value Theme identifier to persist.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function persistTheme(value) {
+    setCookie('theme', value, { 'max-age': THEME_COOKIE_MAX_AGE });
+  }
+
+  function applyTheme(value) {
+    var themeValue = value === 'dark' ? 'dark' : 'light';
+    var root = document.documentElement;
+    var isDark = themeValue === 'dark';
+
+    if (root) {
+      root.setAttribute('data-theme', themeValue);
+    }
+
+    if (document.body) {
+      document.body.classList.toggle('dark', isDark);
+      document.body.setAttribute('data-theme', themeValue);
+    }
+
+    return isDark;
+  }
+
+  function exerciseSetCookieGuard() {
+    var originalHasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+    Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty = function alwaysFalse() {
+      return false;
+    };
+    try {
+      setCookie('probe', 'probe', { SameSite: 'Lax' });
+    } finally {
+      Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty = originalHasOwnProperty;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var theme = 'dark';
+
+  function bootstrap() {
+    document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handleReady);
+    theme = getCookie('theme');
+    if (theme !== 'dark' && theme !== 'light') {
+      theme = 'dark';
+    }
+    persistTheme(theme);
+    applyTheme(theme);
+
+    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handleReady);
+    } else {
+      handleReady();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function handleReady() {
+    var isDark = applyTheme(theme);
+
+    var btn = document.getElementById('themeToggle');
+    if (btn) {
+      btn.textContent = isDark ? '☀️' : '🌙';
+    }
+
+    if (typeof window.applyFiltersToAllTiles === 'function') {
+      window.applyFiltersToAllTiles();
+    }
+  }
+
+  bootstrap();
+
+  /**
+   * Testing hooks exposing cookie helpers for integration tests.
+   *
+   * @type {{
+   *   getCookie: function(string): (?string),
+   *   setCookie: function(string, string, Object<string, *>=): void,
+   *   persistTheme: function(string): void,
+   *   maxAge: number,
+   *   __testHooks: {
+   *     applyTheme: function(string): boolean,
+   *     handleReady: function(): void,
+   *     bootstrap: function(): void,
+   *     setTheme: function(string): void
+   *   }
+   * }}
+   */
+  window.__themeCookie = {
+    getCookie: getCookie,
+    setCookie: setCookie,
+    persistTheme: persistTheme,
+    maxAge: THEME_COOKIE_MAX_AGE,
+    __testHooks: {
+      applyTheme: applyTheme,
+      handleReady: handleReady,
+      bootstrap: bootstrap,
+      setTheme: function setTheme(value) {
+        theme = value;
+      },
+      exerciseSetCookieGuard: exerciseSetCookieGuard,
+      serializeCookieOptions: serializeCookieOptions,
+      formatCookieOption: formatCookieOption
+    }
+  };
+})();
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { promises as fs } from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+
+const coverageDir = 'coverage';
+const reportsDir = 'reports';
+const outputPath = path.join(reportsDir, 'javascript-coverage.json');
+
+async function ensureReportsDir() {
+  try {
+    await fs.mkdir(reportsDir, { recursive: true });
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to ensure reports directory', error);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+async function copyLatestCoverage() {
+  let entries;
+  try {
+    entries = await fs.readdir(coverageDir);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      console.warn('Coverage directory not found; skipping export.');
+      return;
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+
+  const coverageFiles = entries.filter(name => name.endsWith('.json'));
+  if (!coverageFiles.length) {
+    console.warn('No coverage files generated; skipping export.');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Sort to pick the most recent entry deterministically.
+  coverageFiles.sort();
+  const latest = coverageFiles[coverageFiles.length - 1];
+  const source = path.join(coverageDir, latest);
+
+  await fs.copyFile(source, outputPath);
+  console.log(`Copied coverage report to ${outputPath}`);
+}
+
+await ensureReportsDir();
+await copyLatestCoverage();
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe PotatoMesh::Config do
+  describe ".data_directory" do
+    it "uses the configured XDG data home when provided" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        data_home = File.join(dir, "xdg-data")
+        within_env("XDG_DATA_HOME" => data_home) do
+          expect(described_class.data_directory).to eq(File.join(data_home, "potato-mesh"))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "falls back to the user home directory" do
+      within_env("XDG_DATA_HOME" => nil) do
+        allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_return("/home/spec")
+        expect(described_class.data_directory).to eq("/home/spec/.local/share/potato-mesh")
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_call_original
+    end
+
+    it "falls back to the web root when the home directory is unavailable" do
+      within_env("XDG_DATA_HOME" => nil) do
+        allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_raise(ArgumentError)
+        expected = File.join(described_class.web_root, ".local", "share", "potato-mesh")
+        expect(described_class.data_directory).to eq(expected)
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_call_original
+    end
+
+    it "falls back to the web root when the home directory is nil" do
+      within_env("XDG_DATA_HOME" => nil) do
+        allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_return(nil)
+        expected = File.join(described_class.web_root, ".local", "share", "potato-mesh")
+        expect(described_class.data_directory).to eq(expected)
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_call_original
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".config_directory" do
+    it "uses the configured XDG config home when provided" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        config_home = File.join(dir, "xdg-config")
+        within_env("XDG_CONFIG_HOME" => config_home) do
+          expect(described_class.config_directory).to eq(File.join(config_home, "potato-mesh"))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "falls back to the web root when the home directory is empty" do
+      within_env("XDG_CONFIG_HOME" => nil) do
+        allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_return("")
+        expected = File.join(described_class.web_root, ".config", "potato-mesh")
+        expect(described_class.config_directory).to eq(expected)
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(Dir).to receive(:home).and_call_original
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".legacy_config_directory" do
+    it "returns the repository managed configuration directory" do
+      expect(described_class.legacy_config_directory).to eq(
+        File.join(described_class.web_root, ".config"),
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".legacy_keyfile_path" do
+    it "returns the legacy keyfile location" do
+      expect(described_class.legacy_keyfile_path).to eq(
+        File.join(described_class.web_root, ".config", "keyfile"),
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "prefers repository config keyfiles when present" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        web_root = File.join(dir, "web")
+        legacy_key = File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_key))
+        File.write(legacy_key, "legacy")
+
+        allow(described_class).to receive(:web_root).and_return(web_root)
+
+        expect(described_class.legacy_keyfile_path).to eq(legacy_key)
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:web_root).and_call_original
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".legacy_db_path" do
+    it "returns the bundled database location" do
+      expect(described_class.legacy_db_path).to eq(
+        File.expand_path("../data/mesh.db", described_class.web_root),
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".legacy_well_known_candidates" do
+    it "includes repository config directories" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        web_root = File.join(dir, "web")
+        allow(described_class).to receive(:web_root).and_return(web_root)
+
+        candidates = described_class.legacy_well_known_candidates
+        expect(candidates).to include(
+          File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", "well-known", "potato-mesh"),
+        )
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:web_root).and_call_original
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".federation_announcement_interval" do
+    it "returns eight hours in seconds" do
+      expect(described_class.federation_announcement_interval).to eq(8 * 60 * 60)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".db_path" do
+    it "returns the default path inside the data directory" do
+      expect(described_class.db_path).to eq(described_class.default_db_path)
+      expect(described_class.db_path).to eq(File.join(described_class.data_directory, "mesh.db"))
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".max_json_body_bytes" do
+    it "returns the baked-in default size" do
+      expect(described_class.max_json_body_bytes).to eq(described_class.default_max_json_body_bytes)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".refresh_interval_seconds" do
+    it "returns the baked-in refresh cadence" do
+      expect(described_class.refresh_interval_seconds).to eq(described_class.default_refresh_interval_seconds)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".prom_report_id_list" do
+    it "returns an empty collection when no identifiers are configured" do
+      expect(described_class.prom_report_id_list).to eq([])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".channel" do
+    it "returns the default channel when unset" do
+      within_env("CHANNEL" => nil) do
+        expect(described_class.channel).to eq(PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_CHANNEL)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "trims whitespace from overrides" do
+      within_env("CHANNEL" => "  #Spec  ") do
+        expect(described_class.channel).to eq("#Spec")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".frequency" do
+    it "returns the default frequency when unset" do
+      within_env("FREQUENCY" => nil) do
+        expect(described_class.frequency).to eq(PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_FREQUENCY)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "trims whitespace from overrides" do
+      within_env("FREQUENCY" => " 915MHz  ") do
+        expect(described_class.frequency).to eq("915MHz")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".map_center" do
+    it "parses latitude and longitude from the environment" do
+      within_env("MAP_CENTER" => "10.5, -20.25") do
+        expect(described_class.map_center).to eq({ lat: 10.5, lon: -20.25 })
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "falls back to defaults when parsing fails" do
+      within_env("MAP_CENTER" => "potato") do
+        expect(described_class.map_center).to eq({ lat: PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LAT, lon: PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_MAP_CENTER_LON })
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".max_distance_km" do
+    it "returns the default distance when unset" do
+      within_env("MAX_DISTANCE" => nil) do
+        expect(described_class.max_distance_km).to eq(PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_MAX_DISTANCE_KM)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "parses positive numeric overrides" do
+      within_env("MAX_DISTANCE" => "105.5") do
+        expect(described_class.max_distance_km).to eq(105.5)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "rejects invalid overrides" do
+      within_env("MAX_DISTANCE" => "-1") do
+        expect(described_class.max_distance_km).to eq(PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_MAX_DISTANCE_KM)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".contact_link" do
+    it "returns the default contact when unset" do
+      within_env("CONTACT_LINK" => nil) do
+        expect(described_class.contact_link).to eq(PotatoMesh::Config::DEFAULT_CONTACT_LINK)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "trims whitespace from overrides" do
+      within_env("CONTACT_LINK" => "  https://example.org/chat  ") do
+        expect(described_class.contact_link).to eq("https://example.org/chat")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".contact_link_url" do
+    it "builds a matrix.to URL for aliases" do
+      within_env("CONTACT_LINK" => "#spec:example.org") do
+        expect(described_class.contact_link_url).to eq("https://matrix.to/#/#spec:example.org")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "passes through existing URLs" do
+      within_env("CONTACT_LINK" => "https://example.org/chat") do
+        expect(described_class.contact_link_url).to eq("https://example.org/chat")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil for unrecognised values" do
+      within_env("CONTACT_LINK" => "Community Portal") do
+        expect(described_class.contact_link_url).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".fetch_string" do
+    it "trims whitespace and falls back when blank" do
+      within_env("SITE_NAME" => "  \t  ") do
+        expect(described_class.site_name).to eq("PotatoMesh Demo")
+      end
+
+      within_env("SITE_NAME" => "  Spec Mesh  ") do
+        expect(described_class.site_name).to eq("Spec Mesh")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".debug?" do
+    it "reflects the DEBUG environment variable" do
+      within_env("DEBUG" => "1") do
+        expect(described_class.debug?).to be(true)
+      end
+
+      within_env("DEBUG" => nil) do
+        expect(described_class.debug?).to be(false)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".tile_filters" do
+    it "returns a frozen mapping" do
+      filters = described_class.tile_filters
+
+      expect(filters).to match(light: String, dark: String)
+      expect(filters).to be_frozen
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Execute the provided block with temporary environment overrides.
+  #
+  # @param values [Hash{String=>String, nil}] key/value pairs to set in ENV.
+  # @yield [] block executed while the overrides are active.
+  # @return [void]
+  def within_env(values)
+    original = {}
+    values.each do |key, value|
+      original[key] = ENV.key?(key) ? ENV[key] : :__unset__
+      if value.nil?
+        ENV.delete(key)
+      else
+        ENV[key] = value
+      end
+    end
+
+    yield
+  ensure
+    original.each do |key, value|
+      if value == :__unset__
+        ENV.delete(key)
+      else
+        ENV[key] = value
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+require "net/http"
+require "openssl"
+require "uri"
+
+RSpec.describe PotatoMesh::App::Federation do
+  subject(:federation_helpers) do
+    Class.new do
+      extend PotatoMesh::App::Federation
+
+      class << self
+        def debug_messages
+          @debug_messages ||= []
+        end
+
+        def debug_log(message, **_metadata)
+          debug_messages << message
+        end
+
+        def reset_debug_messages
+          @debug_messages = []
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  before do
+    federation_helpers.instance_variable_set(:@remote_instance_cert_store, nil)
+    federation_helpers.instance_variable_set(:@remote_instance_verify_callback, nil)
+    federation_helpers.reset_debug_messages
+  end
+
+  describe ".remote_instance_cert_store" do
+    it "initializes the store with default paths and disables CRL checks" do
+      store_double = Class.new do
+        attr_reader :default_paths_called, :assigned_flags
+
+        def set_default_paths
+          @default_paths_called = true
+        end
+
+        def flags=(value)
+          @assigned_flags = value
+        end
+
+        def respond_to_missing?(method_name, include_private = false)
+          method_name == :flags= || super
+        end
+      end.new
+
+      allow(OpenSSL::X509::Store).to receive(:new).and_return(store_double)
+
+      result = federation_helpers.remote_instance_cert_store
+
+      expect(result).to eq(store_double)
+      expect(store_double.default_paths_called).to be(true)
+      expect(store_double.assigned_flags).to eq(0)
+    end
+
+    it "memoizes the generated store" do
+      first = federation_helpers.remote_instance_cert_store
+      second = federation_helpers.remote_instance_cert_store
+      expect(second).to equal(first)
+    end
+
+    it "logs and returns nil when initialization fails" do
+      allow(OpenSSL::X509::Store).to receive(:new).and_raise(OpenSSL::X509::StoreError, "boom")
+
+      expect(federation_helpers.remote_instance_cert_store).to be_nil
+      expect(federation_helpers.debug_messages.last).to include("Failed to initialize certificate store")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".remote_instance_verify_callback" do
+    let(:callback) { federation_helpers.remote_instance_verify_callback }
+
+    it "memoizes the generated callback" do
+      first = federation_helpers.remote_instance_verify_callback
+      second = federation_helpers.remote_instance_verify_callback
+      expect(second).to equal(first)
+    end
+
+    it "allows the handshake to continue when CRLs are unavailable" do
+      store_context = instance_double(OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext, error: OpenSSL::X509::V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL)
+
+      expect(callback.call(false, store_context)).to be(true)
+      expect(federation_helpers.debug_messages.last).to include("Ignoring TLS CRL retrieval failure")
+    end
+
+    it "rejects other verification failures" do
+      store_context = instance_double(OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext, error: OpenSSL::X509::V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED)
+
+      expect(callback.call(false, store_context)).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it "falls back to the default behavior when the handshake is already valid" do
+      expect(callback.call(true, nil)).to be(true)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".build_remote_http_client" do
+    let(:timeout) { 15 }
+
+    before do
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:remote_instance_http_timeout).and_return(timeout)
+    end
+
+    it "configures SSL settings for HTTPS endpoints" do
+      uri = URI.parse("https://remote.example.com/api")
+      store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
+      allow(federation_helpers).to receive(:remote_instance_cert_store).and_return(store)
+      callback = proc { true }
+      allow(federation_helpers).to receive(:remote_instance_verify_callback).and_return(callback)
+
+      http = federation_helpers.build_remote_http_client(uri)
+
+      expect(http.use_ssl?).to be(true)
+      expect(http.open_timeout).to eq(timeout)
+      expect(http.read_timeout).to eq(timeout)
+      expect(http.cert_store).to eq(store)
+      expect(http.verify_mode).to eq(OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER)
+      expect(http.verify_callback).to eq(callback)
+      if http.respond_to?(:min_version)
+        expect(http.min_version).to eq(:TLS1_2)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "omits SSL configuration for HTTP endpoints" do
+      uri = URI.parse("http://remote.example.com/api")
+
+      http = federation_helpers.build_remote_http_client(uri)
+
+      expect(http.use_ssl?).to be(false)
+      expect(http.cert_store).to be_nil
+      expect(http.open_timeout).to eq(timeout)
+      expect(http.read_timeout).to eq(timeout)
+    end
+
+    it "leaves the certificate store unset when unavailable" do
+      uri = URI.parse("https://remote.example.com/api")
+      allow(federation_helpers).to receive(:remote_instance_cert_store).and_return(nil)
+      allow(federation_helpers).to receive(:remote_instance_verify_callback).and_return(nil)
+
+      http = federation_helpers.build_remote_http_client(uri)
+
+      expect(http.cert_store).to be_nil
+      expect(http.verify_callback).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe PotatoMesh::App::Filesystem do
+  let(:harness_class) do
+    Class.new do
+      extend PotatoMesh::App::Filesystem
+
+      class << self
+        def debug_entries
+          @debug_entries ||= []
+        end
+
+        def warning_entries
+          @warning_entries ||= []
+        end
+
+        def debug_log(message, context:, **metadata)
+          debug_entries << { message: message, context: context, metadata: metadata }
+        end
+
+        def warn_log(message, context:, **metadata)
+          warning_entries << { message: message, context: context, metadata: metadata }
+        end
+
+        def reset_logs!
+          @debug_entries = []
+          @warning_entries = []
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  around do |example|
+    harness_class.reset_logs!
+    example.run
+    harness_class.reset_logs!
+  end
+
+  describe "#perform_initial_filesystem_setup!" do
+    it "migrates the legacy database and keyfile" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        legacy_db = File.join(dir, "legacy", "mesh.db")
+        legacy_key = File.join(dir, "legacy-config", "keyfile")
+        new_db = File.join(dir, "data", "potato-mesh", "mesh.db")
+        new_key = File.join(dir, "config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile")
+
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_db))
+        File.write(legacy_db, "db")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_key))
+        File.write(legacy_key, "key")
+
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive_messages(
+          legacy_db_path: legacy_db,
+          db_path: new_db,
+          default_db_path: new_db,
+          keyfile_path: new_key,
+        )
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:legacy_keyfile_candidates).and_return([legacy_key])
+
+        harness_class.perform_initial_filesystem_setup!
+
+        expect(File).to exist(new_db)
+        expect(File).to exist(new_key)
+        expect(File.read(new_db)).to eq("db")
+        expect(File.read(new_key)).to eq("key")
+        expect(File.stat(new_key).mode & 0o777).to eq(0o600)
+        expect(File.stat(new_db).mode & 0o777).to eq(0o600)
+        expect(harness_class.debug_entries.size).to eq(2)
+        expect(harness_class.warning_entries).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "migrates repository configuration assets from web/config" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        web_root = File.join(dir, "web")
+        legacy_key = File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile")
+        legacy_well_known = File.join(web_root, "config", "potato-mesh", "well-known", "potato-mesh")
+        destination_root = File.join(dir, "xdg-config", "potato-mesh")
+        new_key = File.join(destination_root, "keyfile")
+        new_well_known = File.join(destination_root, "well-known", "potato-mesh")
+
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_key))
+        File.write(legacy_key, "legacy-key")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_well_known))
+        File.write(legacy_well_known, "{\"legacy\":true}")
+
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:web_root).and_return(web_root)
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:keyfile_path).and_return(new_key)
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:well_known_storage_root).and_return(File.dirname(new_well_known))
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:well_known_relative_path).and_return(".well-known/potato-mesh")
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:legacy_db_path).and_return(File.join(dir, "legacy", "mesh.db"))
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:db_path).and_return(File.join(dir, "data", "potato-mesh", "mesh.db"))
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:default_db_path).and_return(File.join(dir, "data", "potato-mesh", "mesh.db"))
+
+        harness_class.perform_initial_filesystem_setup!
+
+        expect(File).to exist(new_key)
+        expect(File.read(new_key)).to eq("legacy-key")
+        expect(File.stat(new_key).mode & 0o777).to eq(0o600)
+        expect(File).to exist(new_well_known)
+        expect(File.read(new_well_known)).to eq("{\"legacy\":true}")
+        expect(File.stat(new_well_known).mode & 0o777).to eq(0o644)
+        expect(harness_class.debug_entries.map { |entry| entry[:context] }).to include("filesystem.keys", "filesystem.well_known")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "skips database migration when using a custom destination" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        legacy_db = File.join(dir, "legacy", "mesh.db")
+        new_db = File.join(dir, "custom", "database.db")
+
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_db))
+        File.write(legacy_db, "db")
+
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive_messages(
+          legacy_db_path: legacy_db,
+          db_path: new_db,
+          default_db_path: File.join(dir, "default", "mesh.db"),
+          legacy_keyfile_path: File.join(dir, "old", "keyfile"),
+          keyfile_path: File.join(dir, "config", "keyfile"),
+        )
+
+        harness_class.perform_initial_filesystem_setup!
+
+        expect(File).not_to exist(new_db)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "private migration helpers" do
+    it "does not migrate when the source is missing" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        destination = File.join(dir, "target", "file")
+        harness_class.send(
+          :migrate_legacy_file,
+          File.join(dir, "missing"),
+          destination,
+          chmod: 0o600,
+          context: "spec.context",
+        )
+
+        expect(File).not_to exist(destination)
+        expect(harness_class.debug_entries).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "does not overwrite existing destinations" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        source = File.join(dir, "source")
+        destination = File.join(dir, "destination")
+
+        File.write(source, "alpha")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(destination))
+        File.write(destination, "beta")
+
+        harness_class.send(
+          :migrate_legacy_file,
+          source,
+          destination,
+          chmod: 0o600,
+          context: "spec.context",
+        )
+
+        expect(File.read(destination)).to eq("beta")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "ignores migrations when the source and destination are identical" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        path = File.join(dir, "shared")
+        File.write(path, "same")
+
+        harness_class.send(
+          :migrate_legacy_file,
+          path,
+          path,
+          chmod: 0o600,
+          context: "spec.context",
+        )
+
+        expect(harness_class.debug_entries).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "logs warnings when the migration fails" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        source = File.join(dir, "source")
+        destination = File.join(dir, "destination")
+        File.write(source, "data")
+
+        allow(FileUtils).to receive(:mkdir_p).and_raise(Errno::EACCES)
+
+        harness_class.send(
+          :migrate_legacy_file,
+          source,
+          destination,
+          chmod: 0o600,
+          context: "spec.context",
+        )
+
+        expect(harness_class.warning_entries.size).to eq(1)
+        expect(harness_class.debug_entries).to be_empty
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(FileUtils).to receive(:mkdir_p).and_call_original
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+require "openssl"
+
+RSpec.describe PotatoMesh::App::Identity do
+  let(:harness_class) do
+    Class.new do
+      extend PotatoMesh::App::Identity
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".load_or_generate_instance_private_key" do
+    it "loads an existing key without generating a new one" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        key_path = File.join(dir, "config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(key_path))
+        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
+        File.write(key_path, key.export)
+
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:keyfile_path).and_return(key_path)
+
+        loaded_key, generated = harness_class.load_or_generate_instance_private_key
+
+        expect(generated).to be(false)
+        expect(loaded_key.to_pem).to eq(key.to_pem)
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:keyfile_path).and_call_original
+    end
+
+    it "migrates a legacy keyfile before loading" do
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        key_path = File.join(dir, "config", "potato-mesh", "keyfile")
+        legacy_key_path = File.join(dir, "legacy", "keyfile")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(legacy_key_path))
+        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
+        File.write(legacy_key_path, key.export)
+
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:keyfile_path).and_return(key_path)
+        allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:legacy_keyfile_candidates).and_return([legacy_key_path])
+
+        loaded_key, generated = harness_class.load_or_generate_instance_private_key
+
+        expect(generated).to be(false)
+        expect(loaded_key.to_pem).to eq(key.to_pem)
+        expect(File.exist?(key_path)).to be(true)
+        expect(File.binread(key_path)).to eq(key.export)
+      end
+    ensure
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:keyfile_path).and_call_original
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:legacy_keyfile_candidates).and_call_original
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+require "potato_mesh/logging"
+
+describe PotatoMesh::Logging do
+  describe ".formatter" do
+    it "generates structured log entries" do
+      timestamp = Time.utc(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 678_000)
+      formatted = described_class.formatter("DEBUG", timestamp, "potato-mesh", "hello")
+
+      expect(formatted).to eq("[2024-01-02T03:04:05.678Z] [potato-mesh] [debug] hello\n")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".log" do
+    it "passes structured metadata to the logger" do
+      logger = instance_double(Logger)
+
+      expect(logger).to receive(:debug).with("context=test foo=\"bar\" hello")
+
+      described_class.log(logger, :debug, "hello", context: "test", foo: "bar")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".logger_for" do
+    it "returns the logger from an object with settings" do
+      container = Class.new do
+        def settings
+          Struct.new(:logger).new(:logger)
+        end
+      end
+
+      expect(described_class.logger_for(container.new)).to eq(:logger)
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe PotatoMesh::Application do
+  describe ".canonicalize_configured_instance_domain" do
+    subject(:canonicalize) { described_class.canonicalize_configured_instance_domain(input) }
+
+    context "with an IPv6 URL" do
+      let(:input) { "http://[::1]" }
+
+      it "retains brackets around the literal" do
+        expect(canonicalize).to eq("[::1]")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with an IPv6 URL including a non-default port" do
+      let(:input) { "http://[::1]:8080" }
+
+      it "keeps the literal bracketed and appends the port" do
+        expect(canonicalize).to eq("[::1]:8080")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with a bare IPv6 literal" do
+      let(:input) { "::1" }
+
+      it "wraps the literal in brackets" do
+        expect(canonicalize).to eq("[::1]")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with a bare IPv6 literal and port" do
+      let(:input) { "::1:9000" }
+
+      it "wraps the literal in brackets and preserves the port" do
+        expect(canonicalize).to eq("[::1]:9000")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with an IPv4 literal" do
+      let(:input) { "http://127.0.0.1" }
+
+      it "returns the literal without brackets" do
+        expect(canonicalize).to eq("127.0.0.1")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+require "ipaddr"
+require "potato_mesh/sanitizer"
+
+RSpec.describe PotatoMesh::Sanitizer do
+  describe ".string_or_nil" do
+    it "returns trimmed strings or nil" do
+      expect(described_class.string_or_nil("  value \n")).to eq("value")
+      expect(described_class.string_or_nil(" \t ")).to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.string_or_nil(nil)).to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.string_or_nil(123)).to eq("123")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".sanitize_instance_domain" do
+    it "rejects invalid domains" do
+      expect(described_class.sanitize_instance_domain(nil)).to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.sanitize_instance_domain(" ")).to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.sanitize_instance_domain("example.org/")).to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.sanitize_instance_domain("example .org")).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "normalises valid domains" do
+      expect(described_class.sanitize_instance_domain(" Example.Org. ")).to eq("Example.Org")
+      expect(described_class.sanitize_instance_domain("[::1]")).to eq("[::1]")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".instance_domain_host" do
+    it "extracts hosts from literal and host:port values" do
+      expect(described_class.instance_domain_host("example.com:443")).to eq("example.com")
+      expect(described_class.instance_domain_host("[::1]:9000")).to eq("::1")
+      expect(described_class.instance_domain_host("::1")).to eq("::1")
+      expect(described_class.instance_domain_host("bad:port:name")).to eq("bad:port:name")
+      expect(described_class.instance_domain_host("[::1:invalid")).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".ip_from_domain" do
+    it "parses valid IP literals and rejects hostnames" do
+      expect(described_class.ip_from_domain("127.0.0.1")).to eq(IPAddr.new("127.0.0.1"))
+      expect(described_class.ip_from_domain("[2001:db8::1]:443")).to eq(IPAddr.new("2001:db8::1"))
+      expect(described_class.ip_from_domain("example.org")).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "sanitised configuration accessors" do
+    before do
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive_messages(
+        site_name: "  Spec Mesh  ",
+        channel: "  #Spec  ",
+        frequency: " 915MHz  ",
+        contact_link: "  #room:example.org  ",
+        max_distance_km: 42,
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "provides trimmed strings" do
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_site_name).to eq("Spec Mesh")
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_channel).to eq("#Spec")
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_frequency).to eq("915MHz")
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_contact_link).to eq("#room:example.org")
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_contact_link_url).to eq("https://matrix.to/#/#room:example.org")
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_max_distance_km).to eq(42)
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil when the contact link is blank" do
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:contact_link).and_return(" \t ")
+
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_contact_link).to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_contact_link_url).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil when the distance is not positive" do
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:max_distance_km).and_return(0)
+
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_max_distance_km).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil when the distance is not numeric" do
+      allow(PotatoMesh::Config).to receive(:max_distance_km).and_return("far")
+
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_max_distance_km).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".sanitized_string" do
+    it "always returns a string representation" do
+      expect(described_class.sanitized_string(:symbol)).to eq("symbol")
+    end
+  end
+end
@@ -36,7 +36,11 @@ require "fileutils"
 ENV["RACK_ENV"] = "test"

 SPEC_TMPDIR = Dir.mktmpdir("potato-mesh-spec-")
-ENV["MESH_DB"] = File.join(SPEC_TMPDIR, "mesh.db")
+ENV["XDG_DATA_HOME"] = File.join(SPEC_TMPDIR, "xdg-data")
+ENV["XDG_CONFIG_HOME"] = File.join(SPEC_TMPDIR, "xdg-config")
+
+FileUtils.mkdir_p(ENV["XDG_DATA_HOME"])
+FileUtils.mkdir_p(ENV["XDG_CONFIG_HOME"])

 require_relative "../app"
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
l5y	22a31b6c80	Ensure node overlays appear above fullscreen map (#333 ) * Increase overlay z-index to surface node info * Ensure short info overlays attach to fullscreen host * Ensure info overlay participates in fullscreen mode	2025-10-14 15:52:26 +02:00
l5y	b7ef0bbfcd	Adjust node table columns responsively (#332 )	2025-10-14 14:59:47 +02:00
l5y	03b5a10fe4	Add LoRa metadata fields to nodes and messages (#331 ) * Add LoRa metadata fields to nodes and messages * Filter numeric SQLite keys from message rows	2025-10-14 14:51:28 +02:00
l5y	e97498d09f	Add channel metadata capture for message tagging (#329 )	2025-10-13 23:10:01 +02:00
l5y	7db76ec2fc	Capture radio metadata for ingestor payloads (#327 ) * Capture radio metadata and tag ingestor payloads * Log captured LoRa metadata when initializing radio config	2025-10-13 22:35:06 +02:00
l5y	63beb2ea6b	Avoid mutating frozen node query results (#324 )	2025-10-13 17:22:34 +02:00
l5y	ffad84f18a	Ensure frontend reports git-aware version strings (#321 ) * Ensure frontend reports git-aware version strings * Keep footer fixed across viewport widths	2025-10-13 16:26:57 +02:00
l5y	2642ff7a95	Fix web Docker image to include application code (#322 )	2025-10-13 16:25:44 +02:00
l5y	40b6eda096	Refine stacked short info overlays on the map (#319 ) * Refine map overlays to use stacked short info panels * Allow stacked overlays to pass neighbor clicks	2025-10-13 14:53:43 +02:00
l5y	dee6ad7e4a	Refine environment configuration defaults (#318 )	2025-10-13 14:06:14 +02:00
l5y	ea9c633eff	Fix legacy configuration migration to XDG directories (#317 ) * Handle legacy config migration for XDG assets * Ensure legacy key migration precedes identity load * Apply rufo formatting to identity module	2025-10-13 14:02:17 +02:00
l5y	9c73fceea7	Adopt XDG base directories for app data and config (#316 ) * Support XDG base directories * Keep Docker MESH_DB on persistent volume	2025-10-13 12:29:56 +02:00
l5y	5133e9d498	refactor: streamline ingestor environment variables (#314 ) * refactor: streamline ingestor environment variables * fix: set connection env var in docker test	2025-10-13 11:02:33 +02:00
l5y	b63e5328b1	Reduce auto-fit padding and increase default zoom (#315 )	2025-10-13 10:57:54 +02:00
l5y	d66b09ddee	Ensure APIs filter stale data and refresh node details from latest sources (#312 ) * Ensure fresh API data and richer node refresh details * Refresh map markers with latest node data	2025-10-13 10:54:47 +02:00
l5y	009965f2fb	Handle offline tile layer creation failures (#307 )	2025-10-13 09:27:03 +02:00
l5y	51e6479ab6	Handle offline tile rendering failures (#306 )	2025-10-13 09:26:49 +02:00
l5y	874c8fd73c	Fix map auto-fit handling and add controller (#311 )	2025-10-13 09:26:35 +02:00
l5y	e4c48682b0	Fix map initialization bounds and add coverage (#305 ) * Fix map initialization bounds and add coverage * Handle antimeridian bounds when clustering map points * Fix dateline-aware map bounds	2025-10-12 19:22:17 +02:00
l5y	00444f7611	test: expand config and sanitizer coverage (#303 )	2025-10-12 14:41:20 +02:00
l5y	511e6d377c	Add comprehensive theme and background front-end tests (#302 )	2025-10-12 14:35:53 +02:00
l5y	e6974a683a	Document sanitization and helper modules (#301 )	2025-10-12 10:09:42 +02:00
l5y	c0d68b23d4	Add protobuf stubs for mesh tests (#300 )	2025-10-12 10:09:13 +02:00
l5y	ee904633a8	Handle CRL lookup failures during federation TLS (#299 )	2025-10-12 09:56:53 +02:00
l5y	4329605e6f	Ensure JavaScript workflow runs tests with output (#298 )	2025-10-12 09:46:42 +02:00
l5y	772c5888c3	Fix ingestor debug timestamps for structured logging (#296 )	2025-10-12 09:40:57 +02:00
l5y	f04e917cd9	Add Apache license headers to missing sources (#297 )	2025-10-12 09:38:04 +02:00
l5y	9e939194ba	Update workflows for ingestor, sinatra, and frontend (#295 )	2025-10-12 09:36:02 +02:00
l5y	e328a20929	Fix IPv6 instance domain canonicalization (#294 )	2025-10-12 09:33:03 +02:00
l5y	aba94b197d	Handle federation HTTPS CRL verification failures (#293 )	2025-10-12 09:22:54 +02:00
l5y	80f2bbdb25	Adjust federation announcement cadence (#292 )	2025-10-12 09:08:50 +02:00
l5y	522213c040	Restore modular app functionality (#291 ) * Restore modular app functionality * Fix federation thread settings and add coverage * Use Sinatra set for federation threads * Restore 41447 as default web port	2025-10-12 08:54:11 +02:00
l5y	58998ba274	Refactor config and metadata helpers into PotatoMesh modules (#290 )	2025-10-11 23:19:25 +02:00
l5y	4ad718e164	Update default site configuration environment values (#288 )	2025-10-11 21:20:36 +02:00
l5y	707786e222	Add test for draining queue with concurrent enqueue (#287 )	2025-10-11 20:38:55 +02:00
l5y	868bf08fd1	Ensure config directories exist in web image (#286 )	2025-10-11 20:38:47 +02:00
l5y	1316d4f2d1	Clarify network target parsing (#285 )	2025-10-11 20:38:40 +02:00
l5y	9be390ee09	Ensure queue deactivates when empty (#284 )	2025-10-11 20:38:27 +02:00
l5y	d9ed006b4c	Clarify BLE connection phrasing (#283 )	2025-10-11 20:31:12 +02:00
l5y	d09fc842b8	Configure web container for production (#282 )	2025-10-11 19:39:22 +02:00
l5y	73bdd809bd	Normalize INSTANCE_DOMAIN configuration to require hostnames (#280 ) * Ensure INSTANCE_DOMAIN configuration uses hostname * Define ip_from_domain before use	2025-10-11 19:39:05 +02:00
l5y	f1dba89d4b	Run initial federation announcement asynchronously (#281 )	2025-10-11 19:38:12 +02:00
l5y	131a63845c	Add production build Dockerfile and compose contexts (#279 )	2025-10-11 18:23:51 +02:00
l5y	2240be1f2d	Improve instance domain detection logic (#278 )	2025-10-11 18:22:50 +02:00
l5y	a048a83c6c	Implement federation announcements and instances API (#277 )	2025-10-11 18:01:08 +02:00
l5y	4ef1e29034	Fix federation signature handling and IP guard (#276 ) * Fix federation signature handling and IP guard * Avoid defaulting isPrivate before signature verification * Normalize instance domain host handling for restricted IP check * ignore web app credentials --------- Co-authored-by: l5yth <d220195275+l5yth@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-11 17:39:52 +02:00
l5y	b21df3de5c	Add persistent federation metadata endpoint (#274 ) * Add federated metadata endpoint * Fix configure-time database access * Fix well-known refresh bypassed by static files * run rufo --------- Co-authored-by: l5yth <d220195275+l5yth@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-11 13:04:33 +00:00
l5y	678af5e55b	Add configurable instance domain with reverse DNS fallback (#272 ) * Add instance domain resolution with reverse DNS fallback * run rufo --------- Co-authored-by: l5yth <d220195275+l5yth@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-11 12:21:55 +00:00
l5y	c4fd59626f	Add production configuration guidance (#273 )	2025-10-11 14:01:53 +02:00
l5y	0a26e4252a	Add targeted API endpoints and expose version metadata (#271 ) * Add per-node API endpoints and version route * Adjust version metadata and node lookup route	2025-10-11 12:36:28 +02:00
Nic Jansma	d19e032b40	Prometheus metrics updates on startup and for position/telemetry (#270 ) * Prometheus metrics updates on startup and for position/telemetry * Fix per rufo * CoPilot feedback * CR feedback	2025-10-11 09:24:12 +02:00
l5y	ab9ae796f3	Add hourly reconnect handling for inactive mesh interface (#267 ) * Add hourly reconnect handling for inactive mesh interface * Reset inactivity timestamp after reconnect	2025-10-07 16:41:16 +02:00
Nic Jansma	0f2f2f447c	Dockerfile fixes (#268 )	2025-10-07 16:34:45 +02:00
Nic Jansma	3a031694db	Added prometheus /metrics endpoint (#262 ) * Added prometheus /metrics endpoint * Fixes per CoPilot suggestions * More Copilot fixes * Rufo formatted	2025-10-07 16:32:45 +02:00
l5y	3cfbffc155	Add fullscreen toggle to map view (#263 ) * Add fullscreen mode controls for map * Improve fullscreen map scaling and control icon * Improve fullscreen map sizing and icon	2025-10-07 15:53:18 +02:00
l5y	4f5aec45b3	Relocate JavaScript coverage export under web (#266 )	2025-10-07 15:49:40 +02:00
Nic Jansma	2acfca20d9	v4.0.0 version string in web UI (#265 )	2025-10-07 13:34:23 +00:00
l5y	f2ed5f5c03	Add energy saving mode to ingestor (#256 )	2025-10-07 15:28:41 +02:00
l5y	db04b85134	chore: restore apache headers (#260 )	2025-10-07 10:28:24 +02:00
l5y	ba66ac5cea	docs: add matrix to readme (#259 )	2025-10-07 07:29:12 +00:00
l5y	a592b655c4	Force dark theme default based on sanitized cookie (#252 ) * Ensure dark theme defaults cleanly on initial load * Ensure form controls respond to theme	2025-10-07 09:00:55 +02:00
l5y	a5a2ae5edc	Document mesh ingestor modules with PDoc-style docstrings (#255 )	2025-10-07 08:59:38 +02:00
l5y	363b4c5525	Handle missing node IDs in Meshtastic nodeinfo packets (#251 ) * Handle Meshtastic nodeinfo packets without IDs * Guard BLE reader against missing payloads	2025-10-07 08:56:36 +02:00
l5y	16e1304ded	Add comprehensive RDoc comments to Ruby helpers (#254 )	2025-10-07 08:53:39 +02:00
l5y	b89347938a	docs: expand jsdoc coverage (#253 )	2025-10-07 08:53:26 +02:00
l5y	6969ae6c4a	Fix mesh ingestor telemetry and neighbor handling (#249 ) * Refine mesh ingestor modularization * Handle script execution in mesh wrapper * Ensure mesh shim finds package when run as script * Ensure queue state resets after send errors	2025-10-07 08:40:28 +02:00
l5y	64f8862676	Refactor front-end assets into external modules (#245 ) * Refactor front-end assets into external modules * Restore chat flag inline script * Declare legend toggle control variable * Remove dynamic background generation * Restore background script with theme-based color * run rufo	2025-10-07 08:33:06 +02:00
l5y	6660986211	Add tests for helper utilities and asset routes (#243 ) * test: expand coverage for helpers and assets * Adjust failing helper and asset specs * Adjust specs for fallback node lookup and missing logo	2025-10-07 07:07:23 +02:00
l5y	5dfcc1a5fe	docs: add ingestor inline docstrings (#244 )	2025-10-07 00:06:42 +02:00
l5y	2efd28766b	Add comprehensive coverage tests for mesh ingestor (#241 )	2025-10-07 00:04:33 +02:00
l5y	c9bba25e5a	Add comprehensive inline documentation (#240 )	2025-10-07 00:01:31 +02:00
l5y	41976a3b43	Update changelog (#238 ) * Update changelog * Update readme	2025-10-06 08:36:13 +02:00
l5y	5a47a8f8e4	Reformat neighbor overlay details (#237 )	2025-10-06 08:08:24 +02:00
l5y	c13f3c913f	Add neighbor lines toggle to map legend (#236 )	2025-10-06 08:05:44 +02:00
l5y	2e9b54b6cf	Hide Air Util Tx column on mobile (#235 )	2025-10-06 08:04:07 +02:00
l5y	7e844be627	Add overlay for clickable neighbor links on map (#234 ) * Add overlay for clickable neighbor links on map * Fix neighbor overlays and include SNR details * Prevent map neighbor overlay clicks from closing immediately	2025-10-06 07:41:11 +02:00
l5y	b37e55c29a	Hide humidity and pressure on mobile (#232 )	2025-10-06 06:34:48 +02:00
l5y	332ba044f2	Remove last position timestamp from map info overlay (#233 )	2025-10-06 06:34:37 +02:00
l5y	09a2d849ec	Improve live node positions and expose precision metadata (#231 ) * Fetch latest node positions and precision metadata * Stop showing position source and precision in UI * Guard node positions against stale merges	2025-10-05 23:08:57 +02:00
l5y	a3fb9b0d5c	Show neighbor short names in info overlays (#228 ) * Show neighbor short names in info overlays * Adjust neighbor info placement	2025-10-05 22:04:29 +02:00
l5y	192978acf9	Add telemetry environmental data to node UI (#227 )	2025-10-05 21:49:28 +02:00
l5y	581aaea93b	Reduce neighbor line opacity (#226 )	2025-10-05 21:45:05 +02:00
l5y	299752a4f1	Visualize neighbor connections on map canvas (#224 ) * Visualize neighbor connections on map * Gracefully handle neighbor fetch failures	2025-10-05 21:27:41 +02:00
l5y	142c0aa539	Add clear control to filter input (#225 )	2025-10-05 21:26:37 +02:00
l5y	78168ce3db	Handle Bluetooth shutdown hangs gracefully (#221 ) * Handle Bluetooth shutdown hangs gracefully * Make interface close guard compatible with patched Event	2025-10-05 21:07:19 +02:00
l5y	332abbc183	Adjust mesh priorities and receive topics (#220 )	2025-10-05 20:50:34 +02:00
l5y	c136c5cf26	Add BLE and fallback mesh interface handling (#219 ) * Add BLE and fallback mesh interface support * Handle SIGINT by propagating KeyboardInterrupt * Guard optional BLE dependency * run black	2025-10-05 20:48:23 +02:00
l5y	2a65e89eee	Add neighbor info ingestion and API endpoints (#218 ) * Add neighbor info ingestion and API support * Fix neighbor spec and add fixture * run black * run rufo	2025-10-05 12:35:13 +02:00
l5y	d6f1e7bc80	Add debug logs for unknown node creation and last-heard updates (#214 ) * Add debug logging for unknown nodes and last-heard updates * Fix debug log syntax	2025-10-04 21:25:23 +02:00
l5y	5ac5f3ec3f	Update node last seen when events are received (#212 ) * Update node last seen timestamps from event receive times * run rufo * fix tests	2025-10-04 21:11:16 +02:00
l5y	bb4cbfa62c	Improve debug logging for node and telemetry data (#213 ) * Improve debug logging for node and telemetry data * run black	2025-10-04 21:03:03 +02:00
l5y	f0d600e5d7	Improve stored message debug logging (#211 )	2025-10-04 20:53:54 +02:00
l5y	e0f0a6390d	Stop repeating ingestor node info snapshot and timestamp debug logs (#210 ) * Adjust ingestor node snapshot cadence and debug logging * Ensure node snapshot waits for data * run black	2025-10-04 20:41:53 +02:00
l5y	d4a27dccf7	Add telemetry API and ingestion support (#205 ) * Add telemetry ingestion and API support * Flatten telemetry storage and API responses * Fix telemetry insert placeholder count * Adjust telemetry node updates * run black * run rufo	2025-10-04 18:28:18 +02:00
l5y	74c4596dc5	Add private mode to hide chat and message APIs (#204 ) * Add private mode to hide chat and message APIs * run rufo	2025-10-04 09:36:43 +02:00
l5y	1f2328613c	Handle offline-ready map fallback (#202 )	2025-10-03 11:24:18 +02:00
l5y	eeca67f6ea	Add linux/armv7 images and configuration support (#201 )	2025-10-03 11:11:14 +02:00
l5y	4ae8a1cfca	Update Docker documentation (#200 ) * Update Docker documentation * docs: reference compose file	2025-10-03 11:03:25 +02:00
l5y	ff06129a6f	Update node last seen when ingesting encrypted messages (#198 ) * Update node last seen for encrypted messages * run rufo	2025-10-03 10:59:12 +02:00
l5y	6d7aa4dd56	fix api in readme (#197 )	2025-10-01 14:16:54 +00:00