Add beta testing note

AGENTS.md

@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ This message-layer echo/path handling is independent of raw-packet storage dedup
 │   ├── event_handlers.py   # Radio events
 │   ├── decoder.py          # Packet decryption
 │   ├── websocket.py        # Real-time broadcasts
+│   ├── push/               # Web Push notification subsystem (VAPID keys, dispatch, send)
 │   └── fanout/             # Fanout bus: MQTT, bots, webhooks, Apprise, SQS (see fanout/AGENTS_fanout.md)
 ├── frontend/               # React frontend
 │   ├── AGENTS.md           # Frontend documentation
@@ -380,6 +381,12 @@ All endpoints are prefixed with `/api` (e.g., `/api/health`).
 | DELETE | `/api/fanout/{id}` | Delete fanout config (stops module) |
 | POST | `/api/fanout/bots/disable-until-restart` | Stop bot fanout modules and keep bots disabled until the process restarts |
 | GET | `/api/statistics` | Aggregated mesh network statistics |
+| GET | `/api/push/vapid-public-key` | VAPID public key for browser push subscription |
+| POST | `/api/push/subscribe` | Register/upsert a push subscription |
+| GET | `/api/push/subscriptions` | List all push subscriptions |
+| PATCH | `/api/push/subscriptions/{id}` | Update subscription label or filter preferences |
+| DELETE | `/api/push/subscriptions/{id}` | Delete a push subscription |
+| POST | `/api/push/subscriptions/{id}/test` | Send a test push notification |
 | WS | `/api/ws` | Real-time updates |
 
 ## Key Concepts
@@ -434,6 +441,17 @@ All external integrations are managed through the fanout bus (`app/fanout/`). Ea
 
 Community MQTT forwards raw packets only. Its derived `path` field, when present on direct packets, is a comma-separated list of hop identifiers as reported by the packet format. Token width therefore varies with the packet's path hash mode; it is intentionally not a flat per-byte rendering.
 
+### Web Push Notifications
+
+Web Push is a standalone subsystem (`app/push/`) that sends browser push notifications for incoming messages even when the browser tab is closed. It is **not** a fanout module — it manages its own per-browser subscriptions, while the set of push-enabled conversations is stored once per server instance.
+
+- **Requires HTTPS** (self-signed certificates work) and outbound internet from the server to reach browser push services (Google FCM, Mozilla autopush).
+- VAPID key pair is auto-generated on first startup and stored in `app_settings`.
+- Each browser subscription is stored in `push_subscriptions` with device identity and delivery state. The set of push-enabled conversations is stored globally in `app_settings.push_conversations`, so all subscribed browsers receive the same configured rooms/DMs.
+- `broadcast_event()` in `websocket.py` dispatches to `push_manager.dispatch_message()` alongside fanout for `message` events.
+- Expired subscriptions (HTTP 404/410 from push service) are auto-deleted.
+- Frontend: service worker (`sw.js`) handles push display and notification click navigation. The `BellRing` icon in `ChatHeader` toggles per-conversation push. Device management lives in Settings > Local.
+
 ### Server-Side Decryption
 
 The server can decrypt packets using stored keys, both in real-time and for historical packets.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+## [3.11.3] - 2026-04-12
+
+* Bugfix: Add icons and screenshots for webmanifest
+* Bugfix: Use incoming DMs, not just outgoing, for recency ranking for preferential radio contact load
+
 ## [3.11.2] - 2026-04-12
 
 * Feature: Unread DMs are always at the top of the DM list no matter what

app/AGENTS.md

@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ app/
 ├── events.py            # Typed WS event payload serialization
 ├── websocket.py         # WS manager + broadcast helpers
 ├── security.py          # Optional app-wide HTTP Basic auth middleware for HTTP + WS
+├── push/                # Web Push notification subsystem
+│   ├── vapid.py                 # VAPID key generation, storage, caching
+│   ├── send.py                  # pywebpush wrapper (async via thread executor)
+│   └── manager.py               # Push dispatch: filter, build payload, concurrent send
 ├── fanout/              # Fanout bus: MQTT, bots, webhooks, Apprise, SQS (see fanout/AGENTS_fanout.md)
 ├── dependencies.py      # Shared FastAPI dependency providers
 ├── path_utils.py        # Path hex rendering and hop-width helpers
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ app/
     ├── fanout.py
     ├── repeaters.py
     ├── statistics.py
+    ├── push.py
     └── ws.py
 ```
 
@@ -168,6 +173,17 @@ app/
 - Community MQTT publishes raw packets only, but its derived `path` field for direct packets is emitted as comma-separated hop identifiers, not flat path bytes.
 - See `app/fanout/AGENTS_fanout.md` for full architecture details and event payload shapes.
 
+### Web Push notifications
+
+Web Push is a standalone subsystem in `app/push/`, separate from the fanout module system. It sends browser push notifications for incoming messages even when the tab is closed.
+
+- **Not a fanout module** — Web Push manages per-browser subscriptions (N browsers, each with its own endpoint and delivery state), unlike fanout which is one-config-to-one-destination.
+- **VAPID keys**: auto-generated P-256 key pair on first startup, stored in `app_settings.vapid_private_key` / `vapid_public_key`. Cached in-module by `app/push/vapid.py`.
+- **Dispatch**: `broadcast_event()` in `websocket.py` fires `push_manager.dispatch_message(data)` alongside fanout for `message` events. The manager checks the global `app_settings.push_conversations` list, then sends to all currently registered subscriptions via `pywebpush` (run in a thread executor).
+- **Stale cleanup**: HTTP 404/410 from the push service triggers immediate subscription deletion.
+- **Subscriptions stored** in `push_subscriptions` table with `UNIQUE(endpoint)` for upsert semantics.
+- Requires HTTPS (self-signed OK) and outbound internet to reach browser push services.
+
 ## API Surface (all under `/api`)
 
 ### Health
@@ -258,6 +274,14 @@ app/
 ### Statistics
 - `GET /statistics` — aggregated mesh network stats (entity counts, message/packet splits, activity windows, busiest channels)
 
+### Push
+- `GET /push/vapid-public-key` — VAPID public key for browser `PushManager.subscribe()`
+- `POST /push/subscribe` — register/upsert push subscription (keyed by endpoint URL)
+- `GET /push/subscriptions` — list all push subscriptions
+- `PATCH /push/subscriptions/{id}` — update label or filter preferences
+- `DELETE /push/subscriptions/{id}` — delete subscription
+- `POST /push/subscriptions/{id}/test` — send test notification
+
 ### WebSocket
 - `WS /ws`
 
@@ -290,7 +314,8 @@ Main tables:
 - `contact_name_history` (tracks name changes over time)
 - `repeater_telemetry_history` (time-series telemetry snapshots for tracked repeaters)
 - `fanout_configs` (MQTT, bot, webhook, Apprise, SQS integration configs)
-- `app_settings`
+- `push_subscriptions` (Web Push browser subscriptions with delivery metadata; UNIQUE on endpoint)
+- `app_settings` (includes `vapid_private_key` and `vapid_public_key` for Web Push VAPID signing)
 
 Contact route state is canonicalized on the backend:
 - stored route inputs: `direct_path`, `direct_path_len`, `direct_path_hash_mode`, `direct_path_updated_at`, plus optional `route_override_*`

app/database.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+import asyncio
 import logging
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import aiosqlite
@@ -108,7 +111,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS app_settings (
     blocked_names TEXT DEFAULT '[]',
     discovery_blocked_types TEXT DEFAULT '[]',
     tracked_telemetry_repeaters TEXT DEFAULT '[]',
-    auto_resend_channel INTEGER DEFAULT 0
+    auto_resend_channel INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+    telemetry_interval_hours INTEGER DEFAULT 8
 );
 INSERT OR IGNORE INTO app_settings (id) VALUES (1);
 
@@ -164,9 +168,74 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_repeater_telemetry_pk_ts
 
 
 class Database:
+    """Single-connection aiosqlite wrapper with coroutine-level serialization.
+
+    Why the lock: aiosqlite runs one ``sqlite3.Connection`` on a background
+    worker thread and serializes statement execution there. But SQLite's
+    ``COMMIT`` fails with ``OperationalError: cannot commit transaction -
+    SQL statements in progress`` whenever *any* cursor on the connection has
+    a live prepared statement (a ``SELECT`` that returned ``SQLITE_ROW`` but
+    hasn't been fully consumed or closed). Under concurrent coroutines, one
+    task's in-flight ``fetchone()`` can still be in ``SQLITE_ROW`` state when
+    another task's ``commit()`` runs on the worker — triggering the error.
+
+    Fix: all DB work goes through ``tx()`` (writes) or ``readonly()`` (reads),
+    both of which acquire ``self._lock``. The lock is non-reentrant (asyncio
+    default) by design — nested ``tx()`` calls are a bug. Repository methods
+    that compose multiple operations factor the raw SQL into private helpers
+    that take a ``conn`` and don't lock; the public method acquires the lock
+    once and calls those helpers.
+
+    Why reads are also locked: reads must also hold the lock, because a read
+    in ``SQLITE_ROW`` state is precisely the live statement that breaks a
+    concurrent writer's commit. Single-connection aiosqlite cannot safely
+    overlap reads and writes. If we ever split reader/writer connections in
+    the future, ``readonly()`` becomes the seam to point at the reader pool.
+    """
+
     def __init__(self, db_path: str):
         self.db_path = db_path
         self._connection: aiosqlite.Connection | None = None
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def tx(self) -> AsyncIterator[aiosqlite.Connection]:
+        """Acquire the connection for a write transaction.
+
+        Commits on clean exit, rolls back on exception. Callers MUST close
+        every cursor opened inside the block (use ``async with conn.execute(...)
+        as cursor:``) so no prepared statement is alive when commit runs.
+
+        The lock serializes concurrent writers AND ensures no reader's cursor
+        is alive during the commit. Nested calls will deadlock — factor shared
+        SQL into helpers that accept ``conn`` and do not re-enter ``tx()``.
+        """
+        async with self._lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                raise RuntimeError("Database not connected")
+            conn = self._connection
+            try:
+                yield conn
+            except BaseException:
+                await conn.rollback()
+                raise
+            else:
+                await conn.commit()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def readonly(self) -> AsyncIterator[aiosqlite.Connection]:
+        """Acquire the connection for a read. No commit, no rollback.
+
+        Locked for the same reason writes are: on a single connection, an
+        active read statement blocks a concurrent writer's commit. Callers
+        MUST fully consume or close cursors before the block exits (use
+        ``async with conn.execute(...) as cursor:`` + ``fetchall`` /
+        ``fetchone``; avoid holding a cursor across ``await`` on other IO).
+        """
+        async with self._lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                raise RuntimeError("Database not connected")
+            yield self._connection
 
     async def connect(self) -> None:
         logger.info("Connecting to database at %s", self.db_path)

app/event_handlers.py

@@ -237,7 +237,9 @@ async def on_new_contact(event: "Event") -> None:
     logger.debug("New contact: %s", public_key[:12])
 
     contact_upsert = ContactUpsert.from_radio_dict(public_key.lower(), payload, on_radio=False)
-    contact_upsert.last_seen = int(time.time())
+    # Intentionally do not set last_seen here: NEW_CONTACT fires from the
+    # radio's stored contact DB, not an RF observation. last_seen means
+    # "last time we heard this pubkey on RF".
     await ContactRepository.upsert(contact_upsert)
     promoted_keys = await promote_prefix_contacts_for_contact(
         public_key=public_key,

app/fanout/AGENTS_fanout.md

@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ Amazon SQS delivery. Config blob:
 - Supports both decoded messages and raw packets via normal scope selection
 
 ### map_upload (map_upload.py)
-Uploads heard repeater and room-server advertisements to map.meshcore.dev. Config blob:
+Uploads heard repeater and room-server advertisements to map.meshcore.io. Config blob:
-- `api_url` (optional, default `""`) — upload endpoint; empty falls back to the public map.meshcore.dev API
+- `api_url` (optional, default `""`) — upload endpoint; empty falls back to the public map.meshcore.io API
 - `dry_run` (bool, default `true`) — when true, logs the payload at INFO level without sending
 - `geofence_enabled` (bool, default `false`) — when true, only uploads nodes within `geofence_radius_km` of the radio's own configured lat/lon
 - `geofence_radius_km` (float, default `0`) — filter radius in kilometres

app/fanout/map_upload.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-"""Fanout module for uploading heard advert packets to map.meshcore.dev.
+"""Fanout module for uploading heard advert packets to map.meshcore.io.
 
-Mirrors the logic of the standalone map.meshcore.dev-uploader project:
+Mirrors the logic of the standalone map.meshcore.dev-uploader project
+(historical name; the live service is now hosted at map.meshcore.io):
 - Listens on raw RF packets via on_raw
 - Filters for ADVERT packets, only processes repeaters (role 2) and rooms (role 3)
 - Skips nodes with no valid location (lat/lon None)
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ the raw hex link.
 Config keys
 -----------
 api_url : str, default ""
-    Upload endpoint. Empty string falls back to the public map.meshcore.dev API.
+    Upload endpoint. Empty string falls back to the public map.meshcore.io API.
 dry_run : bool, default True
     When True, log the payload at INFO level instead of sending it.
 geofence_enabled : bool, default False
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ from app.services.radio_runtime import radio_runtime
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-_DEFAULT_API_URL = "https://map.meshcore.dev/api/v1/uploader/node"
+_DEFAULT_API_URL = "https://map.meshcore.io/api/v1/uploader/node"
 
 # Re-upload guard: skip re-uploading a pubkey seen within this window (AU parity)
 _REUPLOAD_SECONDS = 3600

app/frontend_static.py

@@ -135,7 +135,34 @@ def register_frontend_static_routes(app: FastAPI, frontend_dir: Path) -> bool:
             "display_override": ["window-controls-overlay", "standalone", "fullscreen"],
             "theme_color": "#111419",
             "background_color": "#111419",
+            # Icons are PNG-only on purpose. iOS Safari's manifest parser has
+            # historically been unreliable with SVG icons, and Android/Chrome
+            # PWA install flows prefer PNG for the install prompt.
+            #
+            # The "any" purpose entries are what iOS and desktop Chrome use
+            # for the home-screen / install icon. "maskable" entries are
+            # Android-only (adaptive icon with safe-zone crop); iOS does not
+            # apply the safe-zone mask, so a maskable-only icon set would
+            # render with excessive padding.
             "icons": [
+                {
+                    "src": f"{base}favicon-96x96.png",
+                    "sizes": "96x96",
+                    "type": "image/png",
+                    "purpose": "any",
+                },
+                {
+                    "src": f"{base}apple-touch-icon.png",
+                    "sizes": "180x180",
+                    "type": "image/png",
+                    "purpose": "any",
+                },
+                {
+                    "src": f"{base}favicon-256x256.png",
+                    "sizes": "256x256",
+                    "type": "image/png",
+                    "purpose": "any",
+                },
                 {
                     "src": f"{base}web-app-manifest-192x192.png",
                     "sizes": "192x192",
@@ -149,6 +176,27 @@ def register_frontend_static_routes(app: FastAPI, frontend_dir: Path) -> bool:
                     "purpose": "maskable",
                 },
             ],
+            "screenshots": [
+                {
+                    "src": f"{base}screenshot-wide.png",
+                    "sizes": "1367x909",
+                    "type": "image/png",
+                    "form_factor": "wide",
+                    "label": "RemoteTerm desktop view",
+                },
+                {
+                    "src": f"{base}screenshot-mobile.png",
+                    "sizes": "1170x2532",
+                    "type": "image/png",
+                    "label": "RemoteTerm mobile view",
+                },
+                {
+                    "src": f"{base}screenshot-mobile-2.png",
+                    "sizes": "750x1334",
+                    "type": "image/png",
+                    "label": "RemoteTerm mobile conversation",
+                },
+            ],
         }
         return JSONResponse(
             manifest,

app/main.py

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ from app.routers import (
     health,
     messages,
     packets,
+    push,
     radio,
     read_state,
     repeaters,
@@ -102,6 +103,14 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     await db.connect()
     logger.info("Database connected")
 
+    # Initialize VAPID keys for Web Push (generates on first run)
+    from app.push.vapid import ensure_vapid_keys
+
+    try:
+        await ensure_vapid_keys()
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning("Failed to initialize VAPID keys for Web Push", exc_info=True)
+
     # Ensure default channels exist in the database even before the radio
     # connects. Without this, a fresh or disconnected instance would return
     # zero channels from GET /channels until the first successful radio sync.
@@ -185,6 +194,7 @@ app.include_router(packets.router, prefix="/api")
 app.include_router(read_state.router, prefix="/api")
 app.include_router(settings.router, prefix="/api")
 app.include_router(statistics.router, prefix="/api")
+app.include_router(push.router, prefix="/api")
 app.include_router(ws.router, prefix="/api")
 
 # Serve frontend static files in production

app/migrations/_057_telemetry_interval_hours.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import logging
+
+import aiosqlite
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+async def migrate(conn: aiosqlite.Connection) -> None:
+    """Add telemetry_interval_hours integer column to app_settings."""
+    tables_cursor = await conn.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'")
+    if "app_settings" not in {row[0] for row in await tables_cursor.fetchall()}:
+        await conn.commit()
+        return
+    col_cursor = await conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(app_settings)")
+    columns = {row[1] for row in await col_cursor.fetchall()}
+    if "telemetry_interval_hours" not in columns:
+        # Default to 8 hours, matching the previous hard-coded interval
+        # so existing users see no behavior change until they opt in.
+        await conn.execute(
+            "ALTER TABLE app_settings ADD COLUMN telemetry_interval_hours INTEGER DEFAULT 8"
+        )
+        await conn.commit()

app/migrations/_058_web_push.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import logging
+
+import aiosqlite
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+async def migrate(conn: aiosqlite.Connection) -> None:
+    """Add Web Push support: VAPID keys, push subscriptions table, and global conversation list."""
+
+    # VAPID key pair + global push conversation list in app_settings
+    table_check = await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='app_settings'"
+    )
+    if await table_check.fetchone():
+        cursor = await conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(app_settings)")
+        columns = {row[1] for row in await cursor.fetchall()}
+
+        if "vapid_private_key" not in columns:
+            await conn.execute(
+                "ALTER TABLE app_settings ADD COLUMN vapid_private_key TEXT DEFAULT ''"
+            )
+        if "vapid_public_key" not in columns:
+            await conn.execute(
+                "ALTER TABLE app_settings ADD COLUMN vapid_public_key TEXT DEFAULT ''"
+            )
+        if "push_conversations" not in columns:
+            await conn.execute(
+                "ALTER TABLE app_settings ADD COLUMN push_conversations TEXT DEFAULT '[]'"
+            )
+
+    # Push subscriptions — one row per browser/device
+    await conn.execute(
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_subscriptions (
+            id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+            endpoint TEXT NOT NULL,
+            p256dh TEXT NOT NULL,
+            auth TEXT NOT NULL,
+            label TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+            created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            last_success_at INTEGER,
+            failure_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+            UNIQUE(endpoint)
+        )
+        """
+    )
+
+    await conn.commit()

app/models.py

@@ -842,6 +842,14 @@ class AppSettings(BaseModel):
         default_factory=list,
         description="Public keys of repeaters opted into periodic telemetry collection (max 8)",
     )
+    telemetry_interval_hours: int = Field(
+        default=8,
+        description=(
+            "User-preferred telemetry collection interval in hours. The backend "
+            "clamps this up to the shortest legal interval given the number of "
+            "tracked repeaters so daily checks stay under a 24/day ceiling."
+        ),
+    )
     auto_resend_channel: bool = Field(
         default=False,
         description=(

app/push/manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Web Push dispatch manager.
+
+Checks the global push-enabled conversation list (stored in app_settings)
+and sends push notifications to ALL registered devices when a matching
+incoming message arrives.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from pywebpush import WebPushException
+
+from app.push.send import send_push
+from app.push.vapid import get_vapid_private_key
+from app.repository.push_subscriptions import PushSubscriptionRepository
+from app.repository.settings import AppSettingsRepository
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_SEND_TIMEOUT = 15  # seconds per push send
+_VAPID_CLAIMS = {"sub": "mailto:noreply@meshcore.local"}
+
+
+def _state_key_for_message(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Derive the conversation state key from a message event payload."""
+    msg_type = data.get("type", "")
+    conversation_key = data.get("conversation_key", "")
+    if msg_type == "PRIV":
+        return f"contact-{conversation_key}"
+    return f"channel-{conversation_key}"
+
+
+def _build_payload(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Build the push notification JSON payload from a message event."""
+    msg_type = data.get("type", "")
+    text = data.get("text", "")
+    sender_name = data.get("sender_name") or ""
+    channel_name = data.get("channel_name") or ""
+
+    if msg_type == "PRIV":
+        title = f"Message from {sender_name}" if sender_name else "New direct message"
+        body = text
+    else:
+        title = channel_name if channel_name else "Channel message"
+        body = text
+
+    conversation_key = data.get("conversation_key", "")
+    state_key = _state_key_for_message(data)
+    if msg_type == "PRIV":
+        url_hash = f"#contact/{conversation_key}"
+    else:
+        url_hash = f"#channel/{conversation_key}"
+
+    return json.dumps(
+        {
+            "title": title,
+            "body": body,
+            # Tag per conversation so different conversations coexist in the
+            # notification tray, while repeated messages in the same
+            # conversation replace each other.
+            "tag": f"meshcore-{state_key}",
+            "url_hash": url_hash,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def _subscription_info(sub: dict) -> dict:
+    """Build the subscription_info dict that pywebpush expects."""
+    return {
+        "endpoint": sub["endpoint"],
+        "keys": {
+            "p256dh": sub["p256dh"],
+            "auth": sub["auth"],
+        },
+    }
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SendResult:
+    sub_id: str
+    success: bool = False
+    expired: bool = False
+
+
+class PushManager:
+    async def dispatch_message(self, data: dict) -> None:
+        """Send push notifications for a message event to all devices."""
+        # Don't notify for messages the operator just sent themselves
+        if data.get("outgoing"):
+            return
+
+        # Check the global conversation list
+        state_key = _state_key_for_message(data)
+        try:
+            push_conversations = await AppSettingsRepository.get_push_conversations()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.debug("Push dispatch: failed to load push_conversations", exc_info=True)
+            return
+
+        if state_key not in push_conversations:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            subs = await PushSubscriptionRepository.get_all()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.debug("Push dispatch: failed to load subscriptions", exc_info=True)
+            return
+
+        if not subs:
+            return
+
+        payload = _build_payload(data)
+        vapid_key = get_vapid_private_key()
+        if not vapid_key:
+            logger.debug("Push dispatch: no VAPID key configured, skipping")
+            return
+
+        results = await asyncio.gather(
+            *(self._send_one(sub, payload, vapid_key) for sub in subs),
+            return_exceptions=True,
+        )
+
+        # Batch-update all delivery outcomes in one transaction.
+        success_ids: list[str] = []
+        failure_ids: list[str] = []
+        remove_ids: list[str] = []
+        for r in results:
+            if isinstance(r, _SendResult):
+                if r.expired:
+                    remove_ids.append(r.sub_id)
+                elif r.success:
+                    success_ids.append(r.sub_id)
+                else:
+                    failure_ids.append(r.sub_id)
+        if success_ids or failure_ids or remove_ids:
+            try:
+                await PushSubscriptionRepository.batch_record_outcomes(
+                    success_ids, failure_ids, remove_ids
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                logger.debug("Push dispatch: failed to record outcomes", exc_info=True)
+
+    async def _send_one(self, sub: dict, payload: str, vapid_key: str) -> _SendResult:
+        sub_id = sub["id"]
+        result = _SendResult(sub_id=sub_id)
+        try:
+            async with asyncio.timeout(_SEND_TIMEOUT):
+                await send_push(
+                    subscription_info=_subscription_info(sub),
+                    payload=payload,
+                    vapid_private_key=vapid_key,
+                    vapid_claims=_VAPID_CLAIMS,
+                )
+            result.success = True
+        except WebPushException as e:
+            status = getattr(e, "response", None)
+            status_code = getattr(status, "status_code", 0) if status else 0
+            if status_code in (403, 404, 410):
+                logger.info("Push subscription expired (HTTP %d), removing %s", status_code, sub_id)
+                result.expired = True
+            else:
+                logger.warning("Push send failed for %s: %s", sub_id, e)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            logger.warning("Push send timed out for %s", sub_id)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.debug("Push send error for %s", sub_id, exc_info=True)
+        return result
+
+
+push_manager = PushManager()

app/push/send.py

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""Thin wrapper around pywebpush for sending push notifications.
+
+Isolates the pywebpush dependency and runs the synchronous send in
+a thread executor to avoid blocking the event loop.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import socket
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+import requests
+import urllib3.connection
+import urllib3.connectionpool
+from pywebpush import webpush
+from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError as RequestsConnectionError
+from requests.exceptions import ConnectTimeout as RequestsConnectTimeout
+from urllib3.exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError, NameResolutionError, NewConnectionError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = object()
+DEFAULT_PUSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 3
+IPV4_FALLBACK_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 10
+DEFAULT_PUSH_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 10
+
+
+def _create_ipv4_connection(
+    address: tuple[str, int],
+    timeout: float | None | object = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
+    socket_options=None,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    """Create a socket connection using IPv4 only."""
+    host, port = address
+    if host.startswith("["):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
+
+    err: OSError | None = None
+    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, _, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+            if socket_options:
+                for opt in socket_options:
+                    sock.setsockopt(*opt)
+            if timeout is not DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(cast(float | None, timeout))
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            return sock
+        except OSError as exc:
+            err = exc
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+
+    if err is not None:
+        raise err
+    raise OSError("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+
+
+class IPv4HTTPConnection(urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection):
+    """urllib3 HTTP connection that resolves and connects via IPv4 only."""
+
+    def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
+        try:
+            return _create_ipv4_connection(
+                (self._dns_host, self.port),
+                self.timeout,
+                source_address=self.source_address,
+                socket_options=self.socket_options,
+            )
+        except socket.gaierror as exc:
+            raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, exc) from exc
+        except TimeoutError as exc:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                f"Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})",
+            ) from exc
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise NewConnectionError(self, f"Failed to establish a new connection: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+class IPv4HTTPSConnection(urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection):
+    """urllib3 HTTPS connection that resolves and connects via IPv4 only."""
+
+    def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
+        try:
+            return _create_ipv4_connection(
+                (self._dns_host, self.port),
+                self.timeout,
+                source_address=self.source_address,
+                socket_options=self.socket_options,
+            )
+        except socket.gaierror as exc:
+            raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, exc) from exc
+        except TimeoutError as exc:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                f"Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})",
+            ) from exc
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise NewConnectionError(self, f"Failed to establish a new connection: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+class IPv4HTTPConnectionPool(urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = cast(Any, IPv4HTTPConnection)
+
+
+class IPv4HTTPSConnectionPool(urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = cast(Any, IPv4HTTPSConnection)
+
+
+def _configure_pool_manager_for_ipv4(manager: Any) -> None:
+    manager.pool_classes_by_scheme = manager.pool_classes_by_scheme.copy()
+    manager.pool_classes_by_scheme["http"] = IPv4HTTPConnectionPool
+    manager.pool_classes_by_scheme["https"] = IPv4HTTPSConnectionPool
+
+
+class IPv4HTTPAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    """requests adapter that uses IPv4-only urllib3 connection pools."""
+
+    def init_poolmanager(self, connections, maxsize, block=False, **pool_kwargs):
+        super().init_poolmanager(connections, maxsize, block=block, **pool_kwargs)
+        _configure_pool_manager_for_ipv4(self.poolmanager)
+
+    def proxy_manager_for(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        manager = super().proxy_manager_for(*args, **kwargs)
+        _configure_pool_manager_for_ipv4(manager)
+        return manager
+
+
+def _build_default_requests_session() -> requests.Session:
+    return requests.Session()
+
+
+def _build_ipv4_requests_session() -> requests.Session:
+    session = requests.Session()
+    adapter = IPv4HTTPAdapter()
+    session.mount("http://", adapter)
+    session.mount("https://", adapter)
+    return session
+
+
+def _send_push_with_session(
+    *,
+    subscription_info: dict,
+    payload: str,
+    vapid_private_key: str,
+    vapid_claims: dict,
+    session: requests.Session,
+    connect_timeout_seconds: int,
+) -> int:
+    response = webpush(
+        subscription_info=subscription_info,
+        data=payload,
+        vapid_private_key=vapid_private_key,
+        vapid_claims=vapid_claims,
+        content_encoding="aes128gcm",
+        timeout=cast(Any, (connect_timeout_seconds, DEFAULT_PUSH_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)),
+        requests_session=session,
+    )
+    return response.status_code  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def _send_push_with_fallback(
+    subscription_info: dict,
+    payload: str,
+    vapid_private_key: str,
+    vapid_claims: dict,
+) -> int:
+    """Send using normal dual-stack resolution, then retry with IPv4-only on connect failures."""
+    session = _build_default_requests_session()
+    try:
+        return _send_push_with_session(
+            subscription_info=subscription_info,
+            payload=payload,
+            vapid_private_key=vapid_private_key,
+            vapid_claims=vapid_claims,
+            session=session,
+            connect_timeout_seconds=DEFAULT_PUSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+        )
+    except (RequestsConnectTimeout, RequestsConnectionError) as exc:
+        logger.info("Push delivery retrying via IPv4 after initial network failure: %s", exc)
+    finally:
+        session.close()
+
+    session = _build_ipv4_requests_session()
+    try:
+        return _send_push_with_session(
+            subscription_info=subscription_info,
+            payload=payload,
+            vapid_private_key=vapid_private_key,
+            vapid_claims=vapid_claims,
+            session=session,
+            connect_timeout_seconds=IPV4_FALLBACK_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+        )
+    finally:
+        session.close()
+
+
+async def send_push(
+    subscription_info: dict,
+    payload: str,
+    vapid_private_key: str,
+    vapid_claims: dict,
+) -> int:
+    """Send an encrypted push notification.
+
+    Args:
+        subscription_info: {"endpoint": ..., "keys": {"p256dh": ..., "auth": ...}}
+        payload: JSON string to encrypt and send
+        vapid_private_key: base64url-encoded raw EC private key scalar
+        vapid_claims: {"sub": "mailto:..."} or {"sub": "https://..."}
+
+    Returns:
+        HTTP status code from the push service.
+
+    Raises:
+        WebPushException: on push service error (caller handles 404/410 cleanup).
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    return await loop.run_in_executor(
+        None,
+        lambda: _send_push_with_fallback(
+            subscription_info, payload, vapid_private_key, vapid_claims
+        ),
+    )

app/push/vapid.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""VAPID key management for Web Push.
+
+Generates a P-256 key pair on first use and caches it in app_settings
+via ``AppSettingsRepository``.  The public key is served to browsers
+for ``PushManager.subscribe()``.
+"""
+
+import base64
+import logging
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import Encoding, PublicFormat
+from py_vapid import Vapid
+
+from app.repository.settings import AppSettingsRepository
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_cached_private_key: str = ""
+_cached_public_key: str = ""
+
+
+async def ensure_vapid_keys() -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Read or generate VAPID keys. Call once at startup after DB connect."""
+    global _cached_private_key, _cached_public_key
+
+    private, public = await AppSettingsRepository.get_vapid_keys()
+    if private and public:
+        _cached_private_key = private
+        _cached_public_key = public
+        logger.info("VAPID keys loaded from database")
+        return _cached_private_key, _cached_public_key
+
+    # Generate new key pair
+    vapid = Vapid()
+    vapid.generate_keys()
+
+    # Private key as base64url-encoded raw 32-byte EC scalar — the format
+    # that pywebpush passes to ``Vapid.from_string()``.
+    raw_priv = vapid.private_key.private_numbers().private_value.to_bytes(32, "big")  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    _cached_private_key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(raw_priv).rstrip(b"=").decode("ascii")
+
+    # Public key as uncompressed P-256 point, base64url-encoded (no padding)
+    # for the browser Push API's applicationServerKey
+    raw_pub = vapid.public_key.public_bytes(Encoding.X962, PublicFormat.UncompressedPoint)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    _cached_public_key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(raw_pub).rstrip(b"=").decode("ascii")
+
+    await AppSettingsRepository.set_vapid_keys(_cached_private_key, _cached_public_key)
+    logger.info("Generated and stored new VAPID key pair")
+
+    return _cached_private_key, _cached_public_key
+
+
+def get_vapid_public_key() -> str:
+    """Return the cached VAPID public key (base64url). Must call ensure_vapid_keys() first."""
+    return _cached_public_key
+
+
+def get_vapid_private_key() -> str:
+    """Return the cached VAPID private key (base64url). Must call ensure_vapid_keys() first."""
+    return _cached_private_key

app/radio_sync.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import logging
 import math
 import time
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Literal
 
 from meshcore import EventType, MeshCore
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ from app.services.contact_reconciliation import (
 )
 from app.services.messages import create_fallback_channel_message
 from app.services.radio_runtime import radio_runtime as radio_manager
+from app.telemetry_interval import clamp_telemetry_interval
 from app.websocket import broadcast_error, broadcast_event
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -159,10 +161,10 @@ MIN_ADVERT_INTERVAL = 3600
 # Periodic telemetry collection task handle
 _telemetry_collect_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
 
-# Telemetry collection interval (8 hours)
+# Initial delay before the scheduler starts (let radio settle). After this,
-TELEMETRY_COLLECT_INTERVAL = 8 * 3600
+# the loop wakes at each UTC top-of-hour and decides whether to run a cycle
-
+# based on the user's telemetry_interval_hours preference, clamped up to
-# Initial delay before the first telemetry collection cycle (let radio settle)
+# the shortest-legal interval for the current tracked-repeater count.
 TELEMETRY_COLLECT_INITIAL_DELAY = 60
 
 # Counter to pause polling during repeater operations (supports nested pauses)
@@ -1295,7 +1297,13 @@ async def stop_background_contact_reconciliation() -> None:
 
 
 async def get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync() -> list[Contact]:
-    """Return the contacts that would be loaded onto the radio right now."""
+    """Return the contacts that would be loaded onto the radio right now.
+
+    Fill order:
+    1. Favorites (up to full capacity)
+    2. Most recently DM-active non-repeaters (sent or received, up to 80% refill target)
+    3. Most recently advertised non-repeaters (up to 80% refill target)
+    """
     app_settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
     max_contacts = _effective_radio_capacity(app_settings.max_radio_contacts)
     refill_target, _full_sync_trigger = _compute_radio_contact_limits(max_contacts)
@@ -1315,7 +1323,7 @@ async def get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync() -> list[Contact]:
             break
 
     if len(selected_contacts) < refill_target:
-        for contact in await ContactRepository.get_recently_contacted_non_repeaters(
+        for contact in await ContactRepository.get_recently_dm_active_non_repeaters(
             limit=max_contacts
         ):
             key = contact.public_key.lower()
@@ -1354,8 +1362,8 @@ async def _sync_contacts_to_radio_inner(mc: MeshCore) -> dict:
 
     Fill order is:
     1. Favorite contacts
-    2. Most recently interacted-with non-repeaters
+    2. Most recently DM-active non-repeaters (sent or received)
-    3. Most recently advert-heard non-repeaters without interaction history
+    3. Most recently advert-heard non-repeaters
 
     Favorite contacts are always reloaded first, up to the configured capacity.
     Additional non-favorite fill stops at the refill target (80% of capacity).
@@ -1489,8 +1497,8 @@ async def sync_recent_contacts_to_radio(force: bool = False, mc: MeshCore | None
     """
     Load contacts to the radio for DM ACK support.
 
-    Fill order is favorites, then recently contacted non-repeaters,
+    Fill order is favorites, then recently DM-active non-repeaters (sent or
-    then recently advert-heard non-repeaters. Favorites are always reloaded
+    received), then recently advert-heard non-repeaters. Favorites are always reloaded
     up to the configured capacity; additional non-favorite fill stops at the
     80% refill target.
     Only runs at most once every CONTACT_SYNC_THROTTLE_SECONDS unless forced.
@@ -1650,62 +1658,122 @@ async def _collect_repeater_telemetry(mc: MeshCore, contact: Contact) -> bool:
         return False
 
 
+async def _run_telemetry_cycle() -> None:
+    """Collect one telemetry sample from every tracked repeater."""
+    if not radio_manager.is_connected:
+        logger.debug("Telemetry collect: radio not connected, skipping cycle")
+        return
+
+    app_settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
+    tracked = app_settings.tracked_telemetry_repeaters
+    if not tracked:
+        return
+
+    logger.info("Telemetry collect: starting cycle for %d repeater(s)", len(tracked))
+    collected = 0
+
+    for pub_key in tracked:
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key(pub_key)
+        if not contact or contact.type != 2:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Telemetry collect: skipping %s (not found or not repeater)",
+                pub_key[:12],
+            )
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            async with radio_manager.radio_operation(
+                "telemetry_collect",
+                blocking=False,
+                suspend_auto_fetch=True,
+            ) as mc:
+                if await _collect_repeater_telemetry(mc, contact):
+                    collected += 1
+        except RadioOperationBusyError:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Telemetry collect: radio busy, skipping %s",
+                pub_key[:12],
+            )
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Telemetry collect: cycle complete, %d/%d successful",
+        collected,
+        len(tracked),
+    )
+
+
+async def _sleep_until_next_utc_top_of_hour() -> None:
+    """Sleep until the next UTC top-of-hour (or a minimum of 1 second)."""
+    now = datetime.now(UTC)
+    next_top = now.replace(minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) + timedelta(hours=1)
+    delay = (next_top - now).total_seconds()
+    if delay < 1:
+        delay = 1
+    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+
+
+async def _maybe_run_scheduled_cycle(now: datetime) -> None:
+    """Evaluate the modulo gate for the given UTC time and run a cycle if due.
+
+    Factored out of the loop so we can also invoke it immediately after the
+    post-boot initial delay — otherwise a restart within the initial-delay
+    window before a scheduled boundary would carry the task past that boundary
+    and skip a due cycle (for 24h cadence users, that's a full day of missed
+    telemetry).
+    """
+    app_settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
+    tracked_count = len(app_settings.tracked_telemetry_repeaters)
+    if tracked_count == 0:
+        return
+    effective_hours = clamp_telemetry_interval(app_settings.telemetry_interval_hours, tracked_count)
+    if effective_hours <= 0:
+        return
+    if now.hour % effective_hours != 0:
+        return
+    await _run_telemetry_cycle()
+
+
 async def _telemetry_collect_loop() -> None:
-    """Background task that collects telemetry from tracked repeaters every 8 hours.
+    """Background task that runs tracked-repeater telemetry collection.
 
-    Runs a first cycle after a short initial delay (so newly tracked repeaters
+    After an initial post-boot delay we evaluate the modulo gate once
-    get a sample promptly), then sleeps the full interval between subsequent cycles.
+    (covers the edge case where the initial delay crossed a scheduled
+    boundary on restart). Then we wake at every UTC top-of-hour and
+    evaluate the gate again. A cycle runs only when
+    ``current_utc_hour % effective_interval_hours == 0``, where the
+    effective interval is the user preference clamped up to the shortest
+    legal interval for the current tracked-repeater count. This keeps the
+    total daily check count bounded at ``DAILY_CHECK_CEILING`` (24).
 
-    Acquires the radio lock per-repeater (non-blocking) so manual operations can
+    The loop never updates the stored user preference. If the user picks a
+    short interval and then adds repeaters that make it illegal, they keep
+    their pick stored and we silently use the clamped value until they drop
+    repeaters.
+
+    Radio lock is acquired per-repeater (non-blocking) so manual ops can
     interleave. Failures are logged and skipped.
     """
-    first_run = True
+    try:
+        await asyncio.sleep(TELEMETRY_COLLECT_INITIAL_DELAY)
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        logger.info("Telemetry collect task cancelled before initial delay")
+        return
+
+    # Post-boot boundary check: if the delay carried us into a matching hour
+    # (or we booted exactly at a matching hour), run now rather than waiting
+    # another full cycle.
+    try:
+        await _maybe_run_scheduled_cycle(datetime.now(UTC))
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        logger.info("Telemetry collect task cancelled after initial delay")
+        return
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error("Error in post-boot telemetry check: %s", e, exc_info=True)
+
     while True:
         try:
-            delay = TELEMETRY_COLLECT_INITIAL_DELAY if first_run else TELEMETRY_COLLECT_INTERVAL
+            await _sleep_until_next_utc_top_of_hour()
-            await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+            await _maybe_run_scheduled_cycle(datetime.now(UTC))
-            first_run = False
-
-            if not radio_manager.is_connected:
-                logger.debug("Telemetry collect: radio not connected, skipping cycle")
-                continue
-
-            app_settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
-            tracked = app_settings.tracked_telemetry_repeaters
-            if not tracked:
-                continue
-
-            logger.info("Telemetry collect: starting cycle for %d repeater(s)", len(tracked))
-            collected = 0
-
-            for pub_key in tracked:
-                contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key(pub_key)
-                if not contact or contact.type != 2:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Telemetry collect: skipping %s (not found or not repeater)",
-                        pub_key[:12],
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                try:
-                    async with radio_manager.radio_operation(
-                        "telemetry_collect",
-                        blocking=False,
-                        suspend_auto_fetch=True,
-                    ) as mc:
-                        if await _collect_repeater_telemetry(mc, contact):
-                            collected += 1
-                except RadioOperationBusyError:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Telemetry collect: radio busy, skipping %s",
-                        pub_key[:12],
-                    )
-
-            logger.info(
-                "Telemetry collect: cycle complete, %d/%d successful",
-                collected,
-                len(tracked),
-            )
 
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             logger.info("Telemetry collect task cancelled")
@@ -1719,10 +1787,7 @@ def start_telemetry_collect() -> None:
     global _telemetry_collect_task
     if _telemetry_collect_task is None or _telemetry_collect_task.done():
         _telemetry_collect_task = asyncio.create_task(_telemetry_collect_loop())
-        logger.info(
+        logger.info("Started periodic telemetry collection (UTC-hourly scheduler)")
-            "Started periodic telemetry collection (interval: %ds)",
-            TELEMETRY_COLLECT_INTERVAL,
-        )
 
 
 async def stop_telemetry_collect() -> None:

app/repository/channels.py

@@ -8,31 +8,33 @@ class ChannelRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def upsert(key: str, name: str, is_hashtag: bool = False, on_radio: bool = False) -> None:
         """Upsert a channel. Key is 32-char hex string."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            INSERT INTO channels (key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, flood_scope_override)
+                """
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, NULL)
+                INSERT INTO channels (key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, flood_scope_override)
-            ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, NULL)
-                name = excluded.name,
+                ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET
-                is_hashtag = excluded.is_hashtag,
+                    name = excluded.name,
-                on_radio = excluded.on_radio
+                    is_hashtag = excluded.is_hashtag,
-            """,
+                    on_radio = excluded.on_radio
-            (key.upper(), name, is_hashtag, on_radio),
+                """,
-        )
+                (key.upper(), name, is_hashtag, on_radio),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_key(key: str) -> Channel | None:
         """Get a channel by its key (32-char hex string)."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, flood_scope_override, path_hash_mode_override, last_read_at, favorite
+                """
-            FROM channels
+                SELECT key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, flood_scope_override, path_hash_mode_override, last_read_at, favorite
-            WHERE key = ?
+                FROM channels
-            """,
+                WHERE key = ?
-            (key.upper(),),
+                """,
-        )
+                (key.upper(),),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if row:
             return Channel(
                 key=row["key"],
@@ -48,14 +50,15 @@ class ChannelRepository:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_all() -> list[Channel]:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, flood_scope_override, path_hash_mode_override, last_read_at, favorite
+                """
-            FROM channels
+                SELECT key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, flood_scope_override, path_hash_mode_override, last_read_at, favorite
-            ORDER BY name
+                FROM channels
-            """
+                ORDER BY name
-        )
+                """
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [
             Channel(
                 key=row["key"],
@@ -73,21 +76,23 @@ class ChannelRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def set_favorite(key: str, value: bool) -> bool:
         """Set or clear the favorite flag for a channel. Returns True if row was found."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE channels SET favorite = ? WHERE key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (1 if value else 0, key.upper()),
+                "UPDATE channels SET favorite = ? WHERE key = ?",
-        )
+                (1 if value else 0, key.upper()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount > 0
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount > 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def delete(key: str) -> None:
         """Delete a channel by key."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "DELETE FROM channels WHERE key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (key.upper(),),
+                "DELETE FROM channels WHERE key = ?",
-        )
+                (key.upper(),),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def update_last_read_at(key: str, timestamp: int | None = None) -> bool:
@@ -96,35 +101,39 @@ class ChannelRepository:
         Returns True if a row was updated, False if channel not found.
         """
         ts = timestamp if timestamp is not None else int(time.time())
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE channels SET last_read_at = ? WHERE key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (ts, key.upper()),
+                "UPDATE channels SET last_read_at = ? WHERE key = ?",
-        )
+                (ts, key.upper()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount > 0
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount > 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def update_flood_scope_override(key: str, flood_scope_override: str | None) -> bool:
         """Set or clear a channel's flood-scope override."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE channels SET flood_scope_override = ? WHERE key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (flood_scope_override, key.upper()),
+                "UPDATE channels SET flood_scope_override = ? WHERE key = ?",
-        )
+                (flood_scope_override, key.upper()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount > 0
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount > 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def update_path_hash_mode_override(key: str, path_hash_mode_override: int | None) -> bool:
         """Set or clear a channel's path hash mode override."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE channels SET path_hash_mode_override = ? WHERE key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (path_hash_mode_override, key.upper()),
+                "UPDATE channels SET path_hash_mode_override = ? WHERE key = ?",
-        )
+                (path_hash_mode_override, key.upper()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount > 0
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount > 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def mark_all_read(timestamp: int) -> None:
         """Mark all channels as read at the given timestamp."""
-        await db.conn.execute("UPDATE channels SET last_read_at = ?", (timestamp,))
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            async with conn.execute("UPDATE channels SET last_read_at = ?", (timestamp,)):
+                pass

app/repository/contacts.py

@@ -61,66 +61,72 @@ class ContactRepository:
             )
         )
 
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type, flags, direct_path, direct_path_len,
+                """
-                                  direct_path_hash_mode, direct_path_updated_at,
+                INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type, flags, direct_path, direct_path_len,
-                                  route_override_path, route_override_len,
+                                      direct_path_hash_mode, direct_path_updated_at,
-                                  route_override_hash_mode,
+                                      route_override_path, route_override_len,
-                                  last_advert, lat, lon, last_seen,
+                                      route_override_hash_mode,
-                                  on_radio, last_contacted, first_seen)
+                                      last_advert, lat, lon, last_seen,
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                                      on_radio, last_contacted, first_seen)
-            ON CONFLICT(public_key) DO UPDATE SET
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-                name = COALESCE(excluded.name, contacts.name),
+                ON CONFLICT(public_key) DO UPDATE SET
-                type = CASE WHEN excluded.type = 0 THEN contacts.type ELSE excluded.type END,
+                    name = COALESCE(excluded.name, contacts.name),
-                flags = excluded.flags,
+                    type = CASE WHEN excluded.type = 0 THEN contacts.type ELSE excluded.type END,
-                direct_path = COALESCE(excluded.direct_path, contacts.direct_path),
+                    flags = excluded.flags,
-                direct_path_len = COALESCE(excluded.direct_path_len, contacts.direct_path_len),
+                    direct_path = COALESCE(excluded.direct_path, contacts.direct_path),
-                direct_path_hash_mode = COALESCE(
+                    direct_path_len = COALESCE(excluded.direct_path_len, contacts.direct_path_len),
-                    excluded.direct_path_hash_mode, contacts.direct_path_hash_mode
+                    direct_path_hash_mode = COALESCE(
+                        excluded.direct_path_hash_mode, contacts.direct_path_hash_mode
+                    ),
+                    direct_path_updated_at = COALESCE(
+                        excluded.direct_path_updated_at, contacts.direct_path_updated_at
+                    ),
+                    route_override_path = COALESCE(
+                        excluded.route_override_path, contacts.route_override_path
+                    ),
+                    route_override_len = COALESCE(
+                        excluded.route_override_len, contacts.route_override_len
+                    ),
+                    route_override_hash_mode = COALESCE(
+                        excluded.route_override_hash_mode, contacts.route_override_hash_mode
+                    ),
+                    last_advert = COALESCE(excluded.last_advert, contacts.last_advert),
+                    lat = COALESCE(excluded.lat, contacts.lat),
+                    lon = COALESCE(excluded.lon, contacts.lon),
+                    last_seen = CASE
+                        WHEN excluded.last_seen IS NULL THEN contacts.last_seen
+                        WHEN contacts.last_seen IS NULL THEN excluded.last_seen
+                        WHEN excluded.last_seen > contacts.last_seen THEN excluded.last_seen
+                        ELSE contacts.last_seen
+                    END,
+                    on_radio = COALESCE(excluded.on_radio, contacts.on_radio),
+                    last_contacted = COALESCE(excluded.last_contacted, contacts.last_contacted),
+                    first_seen = COALESCE(contacts.first_seen, excluded.first_seen)
+                """,
+                (
+                    contact_row.public_key.lower(),
+                    contact_row.name,
+                    contact_row.type,
+                    contact_row.flags,
+                    direct_path,
+                    direct_path_len,
+                    direct_path_hash_mode,
+                    contact_row.direct_path_updated_at,
+                    route_override_path,
+                    route_override_len,
+                    route_override_hash_mode,
+                    contact_row.last_advert,
+                    contact_row.lat,
+                    contact_row.lon,
+                    contact_row.last_seen,
+                    contact_row.on_radio,
+                    contact_row.last_contacted,
+                    contact_row.first_seen,
                 ),
-                direct_path_updated_at = COALESCE(
+            ):
-                    excluded.direct_path_updated_at, contacts.direct_path_updated_at
+                pass
-                ),
-                route_override_path = COALESCE(
-                    excluded.route_override_path, contacts.route_override_path
-                ),
-                route_override_len = COALESCE(
-                    excluded.route_override_len, contacts.route_override_len
-                ),
-                route_override_hash_mode = COALESCE(
-                    excluded.route_override_hash_mode, contacts.route_override_hash_mode
-                ),
-                last_advert = COALESCE(excluded.last_advert, contacts.last_advert),
-                lat = COALESCE(excluded.lat, contacts.lat),
-                lon = COALESCE(excluded.lon, contacts.lon),
-                last_seen = excluded.last_seen,
-                on_radio = COALESCE(excluded.on_radio, contacts.on_radio),
-                last_contacted = COALESCE(excluded.last_contacted, contacts.last_contacted),
-                first_seen = COALESCE(contacts.first_seen, excluded.first_seen)
-            """,
-            (
-                contact_row.public_key.lower(),
-                contact_row.name,
-                contact_row.type,
-                contact_row.flags,
-                direct_path,
-                direct_path_len,
-                direct_path_hash_mode,
-                contact_row.direct_path_updated_at,
-                route_override_path,
-                route_override_len,
-                route_override_hash_mode,
-                contact_row.last_advert,
-                contact_row.lat,
-                contact_row.lon,
-                contact_row.last_seen if contact_row.last_seen is not None else int(time.time()),
-                contact_row.on_radio,
-                contact_row.last_contacted,
-                contact_row.first_seen,
-            ),
-        )
-        await db.conn.commit()
 
     @staticmethod
     def _row_to_contact(row) -> Contact:
@@ -178,10 +184,11 @@ class ContactRepository:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_key(public_key: str) -> Contact | None:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (public_key.lower(),)
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (public_key.lower(),)
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) if row else None
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -195,11 +202,12 @@ class ContactRepository:
         exact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key(normalized_prefix)
         if exact:
             return exact
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key LIKE ? ORDER BY public_key LIMIT 2",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (f"{normalized_prefix}%",),
+                "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key LIKE ? ORDER BY public_key LIMIT 2",
-        )
+                (f"{normalized_prefix}%",),
-        rows = list(await cursor.fetchall())
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = list(await cursor.fetchall())
         if len(rows) != 1:
             return None
         return ContactRepository._row_to_contact(rows[0])
@@ -207,11 +215,12 @@ class ContactRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def _get_prefix_matches(prefix: str, limit: int = 2) -> list[Contact]:
         """Get contacts matching a key prefix, up to limit."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key LIKE ? ORDER BY public_key LIMIT ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (f"{prefix.lower()}%", limit),
+                "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key LIKE ? ORDER BY public_key LIMIT ?",
-        )
+                (f"{prefix.lower()}%", limit),
-        rows = list(await cursor.fetchall())
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = list(await cursor.fetchall())
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -237,8 +246,9 @@ class ContactRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_name(name: str) -> list[Contact]:
         """Get all contacts with the given exact name."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE name = ?", (name,))
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            async with conn.execute("SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE name = ?", (name,)) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -254,8 +264,9 @@ class ContactRepository:
         normalized = [p.lower() for p in prefixes]
         conditions = " OR ".join(["public_key LIKE ?"] * len(normalized))
         params = [f"{p}%" for p in normalized]
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE {conditions}", params)
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            async with conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE {conditions}", params) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         # Group by which prefix each row matches
         prefix_to_rows: dict[str, list] = {p: [] for p in normalized}
         for row in rows:
@@ -272,41 +283,67 @@ class ContactRepository:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_all(limit: int = 100, offset: int = 0) -> list[Contact]:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM contacts ORDER BY COALESCE(name, public_key) LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (limit, offset),
+                "SELECT * FROM contacts ORDER BY COALESCE(name, public_key) LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
-        )
+                (limit, offset),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_recently_contacted_non_repeaters(limit: int = 200) -> list[Contact]:
         """Get recently interacted-with non-repeater contacts."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT * FROM contacts
+                """
-            WHERE type != 2 AND last_contacted IS NOT NULL AND length(public_key) = 64
+                SELECT * FROM contacts
-            ORDER BY last_contacted DESC
+                WHERE type != 2 AND last_contacted IS NOT NULL AND length(public_key) = 64
-            LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY last_contacted DESC
-            """,
+                LIMIT ?
-            (limit,),
+                """,
-        )
+                (limit,),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+        return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_recently_dm_active_non_repeaters(limit: int = 200) -> list[Contact]:
+        """Get non-repeater contacts with the most recent DM activity (sent or received)."""
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT c.*
+                FROM contacts c
+                INNER JOIN (
+                    SELECT conversation_key, MAX(received_at) AS last_dm
+                    FROM messages
+                    WHERE type = 'PRIV'
+                    GROUP BY conversation_key
+                ) m ON c.public_key = m.conversation_key
+                WHERE c.type != 2 AND length(c.public_key) = 64
+                ORDER BY m.last_dm DESC
+                LIMIT ?
+                """,
+                (limit,),
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_recently_advertised_non_repeaters(limit: int = 200) -> list[Contact]:
         """Get recently advert-heard non-repeater contacts."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT * FROM contacts
+                """
-            WHERE type != 2 AND last_advert IS NOT NULL AND length(public_key) = 64
+                SELECT * FROM contacts
-            ORDER BY last_advert DESC
+                WHERE type != 2 AND last_advert IS NOT NULL AND length(public_key) = 64
-            LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY last_advert DESC
-            """,
+                LIMIT ?
-            (limit,),
+                """,
-        )
+                (limit,),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -317,27 +354,44 @@ class ContactRepository:
         path_hash_mode: int | None = None,
         updated_at: int | None = None,
     ) -> None:
+        """Persist a learned direct route for a contact.
+
+        Both callers (the RF PATH packet processor and the firmware PATH_UPDATE
+        event handler) are RF-backed: firmware ``onContactPathUpdated`` only
+        fires from ``onContactPathRecv`` during RF PATH packet reception. So
+        this method also advances ``last_seen`` monotonically. Never moves
+        ``last_seen`` backwards if an out-of-order arrival lands with an older
+        timestamp.
+        """
         normalized_path, normalized_path_len, normalized_hash_mode = normalize_contact_route(
             path,
             path_len,
             path_hash_mode,
         )
         ts = updated_at if updated_at is not None else int(time.time())
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """UPDATE contacts SET direct_path = ?, direct_path_len = ?,
+            async with conn.execute(
-               direct_path_hash_mode = COALESCE(?, direct_path_hash_mode),
+                """UPDATE contacts SET direct_path = ?, direct_path_len = ?,
-               direct_path_updated_at = ?,
+                   direct_path_hash_mode = COALESCE(?, direct_path_hash_mode),
-               last_seen = ? WHERE public_key = ?""",
+                   direct_path_updated_at = ?,
-            (
+                   last_seen = CASE
-                normalized_path,
+                       WHEN last_seen IS NULL THEN ?
-                normalized_path_len,
+                       WHEN ? > last_seen THEN ?
-                normalized_hash_mode,
+                       ELSE last_seen
-                ts,
+                   END
-                ts,
+                   WHERE public_key = ?""",
-                public_key.lower(),
+                (
-            ),
+                    normalized_path,
-        )
+                    normalized_path_len,
-        await db.conn.commit()
+                    normalized_hash_mode,
+                    ts,
+                    ts,
+                    ts,
+                    ts,
+                    public_key.lower(),
+                ),
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def set_routing_override(
@@ -351,65 +405,71 @@ class ContactRepository:
             path_len,
             path_hash_mode,
         )
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            UPDATE contacts
+                """
-            SET route_override_path = ?, route_override_len = ?, route_override_hash_mode = ?
+                UPDATE contacts
-            WHERE public_key = ?
+                SET route_override_path = ?, route_override_len = ?, route_override_hash_mode = ?
-            """,
+                WHERE public_key = ?
-            (
+                """,
-                normalized_path,
+                (
-                normalized_len,
+                    normalized_path,
-                normalized_hash_mode,
+                    normalized_len,
-                public_key.lower(),
+                    normalized_hash_mode,
-            ),
+                    public_key.lower(),
-        )
+                ),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def clear_routing_override(public_key: str) -> None:
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            UPDATE contacts
+                """
-            SET route_override_path = NULL,
+                UPDATE contacts
-                route_override_len = NULL,
+                SET route_override_path = NULL,
-                route_override_hash_mode = NULL
+                    route_override_len = NULL,
-            WHERE public_key = ?
+                    route_override_hash_mode = NULL
-            """,
+                WHERE public_key = ?
-            (public_key.lower(),),
+                """,
-        )
+                (public_key.lower(),),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def clear_on_radio_except(keep_keys: list[str]) -> None:
         """Set on_radio=False for all contacts NOT in keep_keys."""
-        if not keep_keys:
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            await db.conn.execute("UPDATE contacts SET on_radio = 0 WHERE on_radio = 1")
+            if not keep_keys:
-        else:
+                async with conn.execute("UPDATE contacts SET on_radio = 0 WHERE on_radio = 1"):
-            placeholders = ",".join("?" * len(keep_keys))
+                    pass
-            await db.conn.execute(
+            else:
-                f"UPDATE contacts SET on_radio = 0 WHERE on_radio = 1 AND public_key NOT IN ({placeholders})",
+                placeholders = ",".join("?" * len(keep_keys))
-                keep_keys,
+                async with conn.execute(
-            )
+                    f"UPDATE contacts SET on_radio = 0 WHERE on_radio = 1 AND public_key NOT IN ({placeholders})",
-        await db.conn.commit()
+                    keep_keys,
+                ):
+                    pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_favorites() -> list[Contact]:
         """Return all contacts marked as favorite."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE favorite = 1 AND LENGTH(public_key) = 64"
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE favorite = 1 AND LENGTH(public_key) = 64"
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def set_favorite(public_key: str, value: bool) -> None:
         """Set or clear the favorite flag for a contact."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE contacts SET favorite = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (1 if value else 0, public_key.lower()),
+                "UPDATE contacts SET favorite = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
-        )
+                (1 if value else 0, public_key.lower()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def delete(public_key: str) -> None:
@@ -417,18 +477,53 @@ class ContactRepository:
         # contact_name_history and contact_advert_paths cascade via FK.
         # Messages are intentionally preserved so history re-surfaces
         # if the contact is re-added later.
-        await db.conn.execute("DELETE FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (normalized,))
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            async with conn.execute("DELETE FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (normalized,)):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def update_last_contacted(public_key: str, timestamp: int | None = None) -> None:
-        """Update the last_contacted timestamp for a contact."""
+        """Update the last_contacted timestamp for a contact.
+
+        ``last_contacted`` tracks the most recent direct-conversation activity
+        with this contact in either direction (incoming or outgoing DM). It is
+        the field that powers "recent conversations" ordering on the frontend.
+
+        It deliberately does not touch ``last_seen``: ``last_seen`` is reserved
+        for actual RF reception from the contact, and outgoing sends are not
+        evidence that we heard from them. RF observations from DM ingest update
+        ``last_seen`` via :meth:`touch_last_seen` on incoming DMs only.
+        """
         ts = timestamp if timestamp is not None else int(time.time())
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE contacts SET last_contacted = ?, last_seen = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (ts, ts, public_key.lower()),
+                "UPDATE contacts SET last_contacted = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
-        )
+                (ts, public_key.lower()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def touch_last_seen(public_key: str, timestamp: int) -> None:
+        """Monotonically bump last_seen for a contact from an RF observation.
+
+        Never moves last_seen backwards; a no-op if the contact row does not
+        exist. Use this from packet-ingest paths that have attributed a packet
+        to a specific contact pubkey (advert, incoming DM, decrypted PATH, etc.).
+        """
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                """
+                UPDATE contacts
+                SET last_seen = CASE
+                    WHEN last_seen IS NULL THEN ?
+                    WHEN ? > last_seen THEN ?
+                    ELSE last_seen
+                END
+                WHERE public_key = ?
+                """,
+                (timestamp, timestamp, timestamp, public_key.lower()),
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def update_last_read_at(public_key: str, timestamp: int | None = None) -> bool:
@@ -437,22 +532,25 @@ class ContactRepository:
         Returns True if a row was updated, False if contact not found.
         """
         ts = timestamp if timestamp is not None else int(time.time())
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE contacts SET last_read_at = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (ts, public_key.lower()),
+                "UPDATE contacts SET last_read_at = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
-        )
+                (ts, public_key.lower()),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount > 0
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount > 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def promote_prefix_placeholders(full_key: str) -> list[str]:
         """Promote prefix-only placeholder contacts to a resolved full key.
 
         Returns the placeholder public keys that were merged into the full key.
+        All operations for the promotion happen inside one ``db.tx()`` so
+        partial promotions never leak to readers between steps.
         """
 
-        async def migrate_child_rows(old_key: str, new_key: str) -> None:
+        async def migrate_child_rows(conn, old_key: str, new_key: str) -> None:
-            await db.conn.execute(
+            async with conn.execute(
                 """
                 INSERT INTO contact_name_history (public_key, name, first_seen, last_seen)
                 SELECT ?, name, first_seen, last_seen
@@ -463,8 +561,9 @@ class ContactRepository:
                     last_seen = MAX(contact_name_history.last_seen, excluded.last_seen)
                 """,
                 (new_key, old_key),
-            )
+            ):
-            await db.conn.execute(
+                pass
+            async with conn.execute(
                 """
                 INSERT INTO contact_advert_paths
                     (public_key, path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count)
@@ -477,132 +576,138 @@ class ContactRepository:
                     heard_count = contact_advert_paths.heard_count + excluded.heard_count
                 """,
                 (new_key, old_key),
-            )
+            ):
-            await db.conn.execute(
+                pass
+            async with conn.execute(
                 "DELETE FROM contact_name_history WHERE public_key = ?",
                 (old_key,),
-            )
+            ):
-            await db.conn.execute(
+                pass
+            async with conn.execute(
                 "DELETE FROM contact_advert_paths WHERE public_key = ?",
                 (old_key,),
-            )
+            ):
+                pass
 
         normalized_full_key = full_key.lower()
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT public_key, last_seen, last_contacted, first_seen, last_read_at
-            FROM contacts
-            WHERE length(public_key) < 64
-              AND ? LIKE public_key || '%'
-            ORDER BY length(public_key) DESC, public_key
-            """,
-            (normalized_full_key,),
-        )
-        rows = list(await cursor.fetchall())
-        if not rows:
-            return []
-
         promoted_keys: list[str] = []
-
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        for row in rows:
+            async with conn.execute(
-            old_key = row["public_key"]
-            if old_key == normalized_full_key:
-                continue
-
-            match_cursor = await db.conn.execute(
                 """
-                SELECT COUNT(*) AS match_count
+                SELECT public_key, last_seen, last_contacted, first_seen, last_read_at
                 FROM contacts
-                WHERE length(public_key) = 64
+                WHERE length(public_key) < 64
-                  AND public_key LIKE ? || '%'
+                  AND ? LIKE public_key || '%'
+                ORDER BY length(public_key) DESC, public_key
                 """,
-                (old_key,),
+                (normalized_full_key,),
-            )
+            ) as cursor:
-            match_row = await match_cursor.fetchone()
+                rows = list(await cursor.fetchall())
-            match_count = match_row["match_count"] if match_row is not None else 0
+            if not rows:
-            if match_count != 1:
+                return []
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Skipping prefix promotion for %s: %d full-key contacts match (expected 1)",
-                    old_key,
-                    match_count,
-                )
-                continue
 
-            await migrate_child_rows(old_key, normalized_full_key)
+            for row in rows:
+                old_key = row["public_key"]
+                if old_key == normalized_full_key:
+                    continue
 
-            # Merge timestamp metadata from the old prefix contact into the
+                async with conn.execute(
-            # full-key contact (which all callers guarantee already exists),
+                    """
-            # then delete the prefix placeholder.
+                    SELECT COUNT(*) AS match_count
-            await db.conn.execute(
+                    FROM contacts
-                """
+                    WHERE length(public_key) = 64
-                UPDATE contacts
+                      AND public_key LIKE ? || '%'
-                SET last_seen = CASE
+                    """,
-                        WHEN contacts.last_seen IS NULL THEN ?
+                    (old_key,),
-                        WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.last_seen
+                ) as match_cursor:
-                        WHEN ? > contacts.last_seen THEN ?
+                    match_row = await match_cursor.fetchone()
-                        ELSE contacts.last_seen
+                match_count = match_row["match_count"] if match_row is not None else 0
-                    END,
+                if match_count != 1:
-                    last_contacted = CASE
+                    logger.warning(
-                        WHEN contacts.last_contacted IS NULL THEN ?
+                        "Skipping prefix promotion for %s: %d full-key contacts match (expected 1)",
-                        WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.last_contacted
+                        old_key,
-                        WHEN ? > contacts.last_contacted THEN ?
+                        match_count,
-                        ELSE contacts.last_contacted
+                    )
-                    END,
+                    continue
-                    first_seen = CASE
-                        WHEN contacts.first_seen IS NULL THEN ?
-                        WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.first_seen
-                        WHEN ? < contacts.first_seen THEN ?
-                        ELSE contacts.first_seen
-                    END,
-                    last_read_at = CASE
-                        WHEN contacts.last_read_at IS NULL THEN ?
-                        WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.last_read_at
-                        WHEN ? > contacts.last_read_at THEN ?
-                        ELSE contacts.last_read_at
-                    END
-                WHERE public_key = ?
-                """,
-                (
-                    row["last_seen"],
-                    row["last_seen"],
-                    row["last_seen"],
-                    row["last_seen"],
-                    row["last_contacted"],
-                    row["last_contacted"],
-                    row["last_contacted"],
-                    row["last_contacted"],
-                    row["first_seen"],
-                    row["first_seen"],
-                    row["first_seen"],
-                    row["first_seen"],
-                    row["last_read_at"],
-                    row["last_read_at"],
-                    row["last_read_at"],
-                    row["last_read_at"],
-                    normalized_full_key,
-                ),
-            )
-            await db.conn.execute("DELETE FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (old_key,))
 
-            promoted_keys.append(old_key)
+                await migrate_child_rows(conn, old_key, normalized_full_key)
+
+                # Merge timestamp metadata from the old prefix contact into the
+                # full-key contact (which all callers guarantee already exists),
+                # then delete the prefix placeholder.
+                async with conn.execute(
+                    """
+                    UPDATE contacts
+                    SET last_seen = CASE
+                            WHEN contacts.last_seen IS NULL THEN ?
+                            WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.last_seen
+                            WHEN ? > contacts.last_seen THEN ?
+                            ELSE contacts.last_seen
+                        END,
+                        last_contacted = CASE
+                            WHEN contacts.last_contacted IS NULL THEN ?
+                            WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.last_contacted
+                            WHEN ? > contacts.last_contacted THEN ?
+                            ELSE contacts.last_contacted
+                        END,
+                        first_seen = CASE
+                            WHEN contacts.first_seen IS NULL THEN ?
+                            WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.first_seen
+                            WHEN ? < contacts.first_seen THEN ?
+                            ELSE contacts.first_seen
+                        END,
+                        last_read_at = CASE
+                            WHEN contacts.last_read_at IS NULL THEN ?
+                            WHEN ? IS NULL THEN contacts.last_read_at
+                            WHEN ? > contacts.last_read_at THEN ?
+                            ELSE contacts.last_read_at
+                        END
+                    WHERE public_key = ?
+                    """,
+                    (
+                        row["last_seen"],
+                        row["last_seen"],
+                        row["last_seen"],
+                        row["last_seen"],
+                        row["last_contacted"],
+                        row["last_contacted"],
+                        row["last_contacted"],
+                        row["last_contacted"],
+                        row["first_seen"],
+                        row["first_seen"],
+                        row["first_seen"],
+                        row["first_seen"],
+                        row["last_read_at"],
+                        row["last_read_at"],
+                        row["last_read_at"],
+                        row["last_read_at"],
+                        normalized_full_key,
+                    ),
+                ):
+                    pass
+                async with conn.execute("DELETE FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (old_key,)):
+                    pass
+
+                promoted_keys.append(old_key)
 
-        await db.conn.commit()
         return promoted_keys
 
     @staticmethod
     async def mark_all_read(timestamp: int) -> None:
         """Mark all contacts as read at the given timestamp."""
-        await db.conn.execute("UPDATE contacts SET last_read_at = ?", (timestamp,))
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            async with conn.execute("UPDATE contacts SET last_read_at = ?", (timestamp,)):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_pubkey_first_byte(hex_byte: str) -> list[Contact]:
         """Get contacts whose public key starts with the given hex byte (2 chars)."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE substr(public_key, 1, 2) = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (hex_byte.lower(),),
+                "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE substr(public_key, 1, 2) = ?",
-        )
+                (hex_byte.lower(),),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]
 
 
@@ -641,71 +746,75 @@ class ContactAdvertPathRepository:
         normalized_path = path_hex.lower()
         path_len = hop_count if hop_count is not None else len(normalized_path) // 2
 
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            INSERT INTO contact_advert_paths
+                """
-                (public_key, path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count)
+                INSERT INTO contact_advert_paths
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 1)
+                    (public_key, path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count)
-            ON CONFLICT(public_key, path_hex, path_len) DO UPDATE SET
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 1)
-                last_seen = MAX(contact_advert_paths.last_seen, excluded.last_seen),
+                ON CONFLICT(public_key, path_hex, path_len) DO UPDATE SET
-                heard_count = contact_advert_paths.heard_count + 1
+                    last_seen = MAX(contact_advert_paths.last_seen, excluded.last_seen),
-            """,
+                    heard_count = contact_advert_paths.heard_count + 1
-            (normalized_key, normalized_path, path_len, timestamp, timestamp),
+                """,
-        )
+                (normalized_key, normalized_path, path_len, timestamp, timestamp),
+            ):
+                pass
 
-        # Keep only the N most recent unique paths per contact.
+            # Keep only the N most recent unique paths per contact.
-        await db.conn.execute(
+            async with conn.execute(
-            """
+                """
-            DELETE FROM contact_advert_paths
+                DELETE FROM contact_advert_paths
-            WHERE public_key = ?
+                WHERE public_key = ?
-              AND id NOT IN (
+                  AND id NOT IN (
-                  SELECT id
+                      SELECT id
-                  FROM contact_advert_paths
+                      FROM contact_advert_paths
-                  WHERE public_key = ?
+                      WHERE public_key = ?
-                  ORDER BY last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
+                      ORDER BY last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
-                  LIMIT ?
+                      LIMIT ?
-              )
+                  )
-            """,
+                """,
-            (normalized_key, normalized_key, max_paths),
+                (normalized_key, normalized_key, max_paths),
-        )
+            ):
-        await db.conn.commit()
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_recent_for_contact(public_key: str, limit: int = 10) -> list[ContactAdvertPath]:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count
+                """
-            FROM contact_advert_paths
+                SELECT path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count
-            WHERE public_key = ?
+                FROM contact_advert_paths
-            ORDER BY last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
+                WHERE public_key = ?
-            LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
-            """,
+                LIMIT ?
-            (public_key.lower(), limit),
+                """,
-        )
+                (public_key.lower(), limit),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [ContactAdvertPathRepository._row_to_path(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_recent_for_all_contacts(
         limit_per_contact: int = 10,
     ) -> list[ContactAdvertPathSummary]:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT public_key, path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count
+                """
-            FROM (
+                SELECT public_key, path_hex, path_len, first_seen, last_seen, heard_count
-                SELECT *,
+                FROM (
-                       ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+                    SELECT *,
-                           PARTITION BY public_key
+                           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
-                           ORDER BY last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
+                               PARTITION BY public_key
-                       ) AS rn
+                               ORDER BY last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
-                FROM contact_advert_paths
+                           ) AS rn
-            )
+                    FROM contact_advert_paths
-            WHERE rn <= ?
+                )
-            ORDER BY public_key ASC, last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
+                WHERE rn <= ?
-            """,
+                ORDER BY public_key ASC, last_seen DESC, heard_count DESC, path_len ASC, path_hex ASC
-            (limit_per_contact,),
+                """,
-        )
+                (limit_per_contact,),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
 
         grouped: dict[str, list[ContactAdvertPath]] = {}
         for row in rows:
@@ -727,29 +836,31 @@ class ContactNameHistoryRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def record_name(public_key: str, name: str, timestamp: int) -> None:
         """Record a name observation. Upserts: updates last_seen if name already known."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            INSERT INTO contact_name_history (public_key, name, first_seen, last_seen)
+                """
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+                INSERT INTO contact_name_history (public_key, name, first_seen, last_seen)
-            ON CONFLICT(public_key, name) DO UPDATE SET
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-                last_seen = MAX(contact_name_history.last_seen, excluded.last_seen)
+                ON CONFLICT(public_key, name) DO UPDATE SET
-            """,
+                    last_seen = MAX(contact_name_history.last_seen, excluded.last_seen)
-            (public_key.lower(), name, timestamp, timestamp),
+                """,
-        )
+                (public_key.lower(), name, timestamp, timestamp),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_history(public_key: str) -> list[ContactNameHistory]:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT name, first_seen, last_seen
+                """
-            FROM contact_name_history
+                SELECT name, first_seen, last_seen
-            WHERE public_key = ?
+                FROM contact_name_history
-            ORDER BY last_seen DESC
+                WHERE public_key = ?
-            """,
+                ORDER BY last_seen DESC
-            (public_key.lower(),),
+                """,
-        )
+                (public_key.lower(),),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [
             ContactNameHistory(
                 name=row["name"], first_seen=row["first_seen"], last_seen=row["last_seen"]

app/repository/fanout.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import time
 import uuid
 from typing import Any
 
+import aiosqlite
+
 from app.database import db
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -31,26 +33,37 @@ def _row_to_dict(row: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return result
 
 
+async def _get_in_conn(conn: aiosqlite.Connection, config_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Fetch a config using an already-acquired connection.
+
+    Used by ``create`` and ``update`` to return the freshly-written row
+    without re-entering the non-reentrant DB lock.
+    """
+    async with conn.execute("SELECT * FROM fanout_configs WHERE id = ?", (config_id,)) as cursor:
+        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+    if row is None:
+        return None
+    return _row_to_dict(row)
+
+
 class FanoutConfigRepository:
     """CRUD operations for fanout_configs table."""
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_all() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Get all fanout configs ordered by sort_order."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM fanout_configs ORDER BY sort_order, created_at"
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT * FROM fanout_configs ORDER BY sort_order, created_at"
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [_row_to_dict(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get(config_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Get a single fanout config by ID."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT * FROM fanout_configs WHERE id = ?", (config_id,))
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            return await _get_in_conn(conn, config_id)
-        if row is None:
-            return None
-        return _row_to_dict(row)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def create(
@@ -65,39 +78,41 @@ class FanoutConfigRepository:
         new_id = config_id or str(uuid.uuid4())
         now = int(time.time())
 
-        # Get next sort_order
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+            # Determine next sort_order under the same lock as the insert,
-            "SELECT COALESCE(MAX(sort_order), -1) + 1 FROM fanout_configs"
+            # so two concurrent ``create()`` calls cannot collide.
-        )
+            async with conn.execute(
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+                "SELECT COALESCE(MAX(sort_order), -1) + 1 FROM fanout_configs"
-        sort_order = row[0] if row else 0
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            sort_order = row[0] if row else 0
 
-        await db.conn.execute(
+            async with conn.execute(
-            """
+                """
-            INSERT INTO fanout_configs (id, type, name, enabled, config, scope, sort_order, created_at)
+                INSERT INTO fanout_configs (id, type, name, enabled, config, scope, sort_order, created_at)
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-            """,
+                """,
-            (
+                (
-                new_id,
+                    new_id,
-                config_type,
+                    config_type,
-                name,
+                    name,
-                1 if enabled else 0,
+                    1 if enabled else 0,
-                json.dumps(config),
+                    json.dumps(config),
-                json.dumps(scope),
+                    json.dumps(scope),
-                sort_order,
+                    sort_order,
-                now,
+                    now,
-            ),
+                ),
-        )
+            ):
-        await db.conn.commit()
+                pass
 
-        result = await FanoutConfigRepository.get(new_id)
+            result = await _get_in_conn(conn, new_id)
         assert result is not None
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
     async def update(config_id: str, **fields: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Update a fanout config. Only provided fields are updated."""
-        updates = []
+        updates: list[str] = []
         params: list[Any] = []
 
         for field in ("name", "enabled", "config", "scope", "sort_order"):
@@ -115,23 +130,25 @@ class FanoutConfigRepository:
 
         params.append(config_id)
         query = f"UPDATE fanout_configs SET {', '.join(updates)} WHERE id = ?"
-        await db.conn.execute(query, params)
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            async with conn.execute(query, params):
-
+                pass
-        return await FanoutConfigRepository.get(config_id)
+            return await _get_in_conn(conn, config_id)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def delete(config_id: str) -> None:
         """Delete a fanout config."""
-        await db.conn.execute("DELETE FROM fanout_configs WHERE id = ?", (config_id,))
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            async with conn.execute("DELETE FROM fanout_configs WHERE id = ?", (config_id,)):
+                pass
         _configs_cache.pop(config_id, None)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_enabled() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Get all enabled fanout configs."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT * FROM fanout_configs WHERE enabled = 1 ORDER BY sort_order, created_at"
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT * FROM fanout_configs WHERE enabled = 1 ORDER BY sort_order, created_at"
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [_row_to_dict(row) for row in rows]

app/repository/messages.py

@@ -89,32 +89,34 @@ class MessageRepository:
         # Normalize sender_key to lowercase so queries can match without LOWER().
         normalized_sender_key = sender_key.lower() if sender_key else sender_key
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            INSERT OR IGNORE INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, sender_timestamp,
+                """
-                                            received_at, paths, txt_type, signature, outgoing,
+                INSERT OR IGNORE INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, sender_timestamp,
-                                            sender_name, sender_key)
+                                                received_at, paths, txt_type, signature, outgoing,
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                                                sender_name, sender_key)
-            """,
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-            (
+                """,
-                msg_type,
+                (
-                conversation_key,
+                    msg_type,
-                text,
+                    conversation_key,
-                sender_timestamp,
+                    text,
-                received_at,
+                    sender_timestamp,
-                paths_json,
+                    received_at,
-                txt_type,
+                    paths_json,
-                signature,
+                    txt_type,
-                outgoing,
+                    signature,
-                sender_name,
+                    outgoing,
-                normalized_sender_key,
+                    sender_name,
-            ),
+                    normalized_sender_key,
-        )
+                ),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+                lastrowid = cursor.lastrowid
         # rowcount is 0 if INSERT was ignored due to UNIQUE constraint violation
-        if cursor.rowcount == 0:
+        if rowcount == 0:
             return None
-        return cursor.lastrowid
+        return lastrowid
 
     @staticmethod
     async def add_path(
@@ -142,17 +144,20 @@ class MessageRepository:
         if snr is not None:
             entry["snr"] = snr
         new_entry = json.dumps(entry)
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """UPDATE messages SET paths = json_insert(
+            async with conn.execute(
-                COALESCE(paths, '[]'), '$[#]', json(?)
+                """UPDATE messages SET paths = json_insert(
-            ) WHERE id = ?""",
+                    COALESCE(paths, '[]'), '$[#]', json(?)
-            (new_entry, message_id),
+                ) WHERE id = ?""",
-        )
+                (new_entry, message_id),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
-        # Read back the full list for the return value
+            # Read back the full list for the return value, same transaction.
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT paths FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,))
+            async with conn.execute(
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+                "SELECT paths FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if not row or not row["paths"]:
             return []
 
@@ -171,23 +176,24 @@ class MessageRepository:
         only a prefix as conversation_key are updated to use the full key.
         """
         lower_key = full_key.lower()
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """UPDATE messages SET conversation_key = ?,
+            async with conn.execute(
-                   sender_key = CASE
+                """UPDATE messages SET conversation_key = ?,
-                       WHEN sender_key IS NOT NULL AND length(sender_key) < 64
+                       sender_key = CASE
-                            AND ? LIKE sender_key || '%'
+                           WHEN sender_key IS NOT NULL AND length(sender_key) < 64
-                       THEN ? ELSE sender_key END
+                                AND ? LIKE sender_key || '%'
-               WHERE type = 'PRIV' AND length(conversation_key) < 64
+                           THEN ? ELSE sender_key END
-               AND ? LIKE conversation_key || '%'
+                   WHERE type = 'PRIV' AND length(conversation_key) < 64
-               AND (
+                   AND ? LIKE conversation_key || '%'
-                   SELECT COUNT(*) FROM contacts
+                   AND (
-                   WHERE length(public_key) = 64
+                       SELECT COUNT(*) FROM contacts
-                     AND public_key LIKE messages.conversation_key || '%'
+                       WHERE length(public_key) = 64
-               ) = 1""",
+                         AND public_key LIKE messages.conversation_key || '%'
-            (lower_key, lower_key, lower_key, lower_key),
+                   ) = 1""",
-        )
+                (lower_key, lower_key, lower_key, lower_key),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount
 
     @staticmethod
     async def backfill_channel_sender_key(public_key: str, name: str) -> int:
@@ -197,21 +203,22 @@ class MessageRepository:
         any channel messages with a matching sender_name but no sender_key
         are updated to associate them with this contact's public key.
         """
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            """UPDATE messages SET sender_key = ?
+            async with conn.execute(
-               WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_name = ? AND sender_key IS NULL
+                """UPDATE messages SET sender_key = ?
-               AND (
+                   WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_name = ? AND sender_key IS NULL
-                   SELECT COUNT(*) FROM contacts
+                   AND (
-                   WHERE name = ?
+                       SELECT COUNT(*) FROM contacts
-               ) = 1
+                       WHERE name = ?
-               AND EXISTS (
+                   ) = 1
-                   SELECT 1 FROM contacts
+                   AND EXISTS (
-                   WHERE public_key = ? AND name = ?
+                       SELECT 1 FROM contacts
-               )""",
+                       WHERE public_key = ? AND name = ?
-            (public_key.lower(), name, name, public_key.lower(), name),
+                   )""",
-        )
+                (public_key.lower(), name, name, public_key.lower(), name),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount
 
     @staticmethod
     def _normalize_conversation_key(conversation_key: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
@@ -462,8 +469,9 @@ class MessageRepository:
                 query += " OFFSET ?"
                 params.append(offset)
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(query, params)
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            async with conn.execute(query, params) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [MessageRepository._row_to_message(row) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -501,51 +509,54 @@ class MessageRepository:
         where_sql = " AND ".join(["1=1", *where_parts])
 
         # 1. Get the target message (must satisfy filters if provided)
-        target_cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            f"SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select('messages')} "
+            async with conn.execute(
-            f"FROM messages WHERE id = ? AND {where_sql}",
+                f"SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select('messages')} "
-            (message_id, *base_params),
+                f"FROM messages WHERE id = ? AND {where_sql}",
-        )
+                (message_id, *base_params),
-        target_row = await target_cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as target_cursor:
-        if not target_row:
+                target_row = await target_cursor.fetchone()
-            return [], False, False
+            if not target_row:
+                return [], False, False
 
-        target = MessageRepository._row_to_message(target_row)
+            target = MessageRepository._row_to_message(target_row)
 
-        # 2. Get context_size+1 messages before target (DESC)
+            # 2. Get context_size+1 messages before target (DESC)
-        before_query = f"""
+            before_query = f"""
-            SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select("messages")} FROM messages WHERE {where_sql}
+                SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select("messages")} FROM messages WHERE {where_sql}
-            AND (received_at < ? OR (received_at = ? AND id < ?))
+                AND (received_at < ? OR (received_at = ? AND id < ?))
-            ORDER BY received_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY received_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT ?
-        """
+            """
-        before_params = [
+            before_params = [
-            *base_params,
+                *base_params,
-            target.received_at,
+                target.received_at,
-            target.received_at,
+                target.received_at,
-            target.id,
+                target.id,
-            context_size + 1,
+                context_size + 1,
-        ]
+            ]
-        before_cursor = await db.conn.execute(before_query, before_params)
+            async with conn.execute(before_query, before_params) as before_cursor:
-        before_rows = list(await before_cursor.fetchall())
+                before_rows = list(await before_cursor.fetchall())
 
-        has_older = len(before_rows) > context_size
+            has_older = len(before_rows) > context_size
-        before_messages = [MessageRepository._row_to_message(r) for r in before_rows[:context_size]]
+            before_messages = [
+                MessageRepository._row_to_message(r) for r in before_rows[:context_size]
+            ]
 
-        # 3. Get context_size+1 messages after target (ASC)
+            # 3. Get context_size+1 messages after target (ASC)
-        after_query = f"""
+            after_query = f"""
-            SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select("messages")} FROM messages WHERE {where_sql}
+                SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select("messages")} FROM messages WHERE {where_sql}
-            AND (received_at > ? OR (received_at = ? AND id > ?))
+                AND (received_at > ? OR (received_at = ? AND id > ?))
-            ORDER BY received_at ASC, id ASC LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY received_at ASC, id ASC LIMIT ?
-        """
+            """
-        after_params = [
+            after_params = [
-            *base_params,
+                *base_params,
-            target.received_at,
+                target.received_at,
-            target.received_at,
+                target.received_at,
-            target.id,
+                target.id,
-            context_size + 1,
+                context_size + 1,
-        ]
+            ]
-        after_cursor = await db.conn.execute(after_query, after_params)
+            async with conn.execute(after_query, after_params) as after_cursor:
-        after_rows = list(await after_cursor.fetchall())
+                after_rows = list(await after_cursor.fetchall())
 
         has_newer = len(after_rows) > context_size
         after_messages = [MessageRepository._row_to_message(r) for r in after_rows[:context_size]]
@@ -556,21 +567,29 @@ class MessageRepository:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def increment_ack_count(message_id: int) -> int:
-        """Increment ack count and return the new value."""
+        """Increment ack count and return the new value.
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+
-            "UPDATE messages SET acked = acked + 1 WHERE id = ? RETURNING acked", (message_id,)
+        NOTE: ``RETURNING`` leaves the prepared statement active until the
-        )
+        row is fetched, so we MUST consume it inside the ``async with``
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+        block. Without that, the commit at the end of ``db.tx()`` fails
-        await db.conn.commit()
+        with ``cannot commit transaction - SQL statements in progress``.
+        """
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE messages SET acked = acked + 1 WHERE id = ? RETURNING acked",
+                (message_id,),
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["acked"] if row else 1
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_ack_and_paths(message_id: int) -> tuple[int, list[MessagePath] | None]:
         """Get the current ack count and paths for a message."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT acked, paths FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,)
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT acked, paths FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,)
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if not row:
             return 0, None
         return row["acked"], MessageRepository._parse_paths(row["paths"])
@@ -578,11 +597,12 @@ class MessageRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_id(message_id: int) -> "Message | None":
         """Look up a message by its ID."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            f"SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select('messages')} FROM messages WHERE id = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (message_id,),
+                f"SELECT {MessageRepository._message_select('messages')} FROM messages WHERE id = ?",
-        )
+                (message_id,),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if not row:
             return None
 
@@ -591,11 +611,14 @@ class MessageRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def delete_by_id(message_id: int) -> None:
         """Delete a message row by ID."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE raw_packets SET message_id = NULL WHERE message_id = ?", (message_id,)
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "UPDATE raw_packets SET message_id = NULL WHERE message_id = ?",
-        await db.conn.execute("DELETE FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,))
+                (message_id,),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
+            async with conn.execute("DELETE FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,)):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_content(
@@ -618,8 +641,9 @@ class MessageRepository:
             query += " AND outgoing = ?"
             params.append(1 if outgoing else 0)
         query += " ORDER BY id ASC"
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(query, params)
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            async with conn.execute(query, params) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if not row:
             return None
 
@@ -653,76 +677,6 @@ class MessageRepository:
         )
         blocked_sql = f" AND {blocked_clause}" if blocked_clause else ""
 
-        # Channel unreads
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
-            f"""
-            SELECT m.conversation_key,
-                   COUNT(*) as unread_count,
-                   SUM(CASE
-                           WHEN ? <> '' AND INSTR(LOWER(m.text), LOWER(?)) > 0 THEN 1
-                           ELSE 0
-                       END) > 0 as has_mention
-            FROM messages m
-            JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
-            WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.outgoing = 0
-              AND m.received_at > COALESCE(c.last_read_at, 0)
-              {blocked_sql}
-            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
-            """,
-            (mention_token or "", mention_token or "", *blocked_params),
-        )
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-        for row in rows:
-            state_key = f"channel-{row['conversation_key']}"
-            counts[state_key] = row["unread_count"]
-            if mention_token and row["has_mention"]:
-                mention_flags[state_key] = True
-
-        # Contact unreads
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
-            f"""
-            SELECT m.conversation_key,
-                   COUNT(*) as unread_count,
-                   SUM(CASE
-                           WHEN ? <> '' AND INSTR(LOWER(m.text), LOWER(?)) > 0 THEN 1
-                           ELSE 0
-                       END) > 0 as has_mention
-            FROM messages m
-            LEFT JOIN contacts ct ON m.conversation_key = ct.public_key
-            WHERE m.type = 'PRIV' AND m.outgoing = 0
-              AND m.received_at > COALESCE(ct.last_read_at, 0)
-              {blocked_sql}
-            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
-            """,
-            (mention_token or "", mention_token or "", *blocked_params),
-        )
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-        for row in rows:
-            state_key = f"contact-{row['conversation_key']}"
-            counts[state_key] = row["unread_count"]
-            if mention_token and row["has_mention"]:
-                mention_flags[state_key] = True
-
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT key, last_read_at
-            FROM channels
-            """
-        )
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-        for row in rows:
-            last_read_ats[f"channel-{row['key']}"] = row["last_read_at"]
-
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT public_key, last_read_at
-            FROM contacts
-            """
-        )
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-        for row in rows:
-            last_read_ats[f"contact-{row['public_key']}"] = row["last_read_at"]
-
         # Last message times for all conversations (including read ones),
         # excluding blocked incoming traffic so refresh matches live WS behavior.
         last_time_clause, last_time_params = MessageRepository._build_blocked_incoming_clause(
@@ -730,20 +684,94 @@ class MessageRepository:
         )
         last_time_where_sql = f"WHERE {last_time_clause}" if last_time_clause else ""
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        # Single readonly acquisition for all 5 queries — they form one logical
-            f"""
+        # snapshot, and holding the lock for the batch is cheaper than acquiring
-            SELECT type, conversation_key, MAX(received_at) as last_message_time
+        # it 5 times.
-            FROM messages
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            {last_time_where_sql}
+            # Channel unreads
-            GROUP BY type, conversation_key
+            async with conn.execute(
-            """,
+                f"""
-            last_time_params,
+                SELECT m.conversation_key,
-        )
+                       COUNT(*) as unread_count,
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+                       SUM(CASE
-        for row in rows:
+                               WHEN ? <> '' AND INSTR(LOWER(m.text), LOWER(?)) > 0 THEN 1
-            prefix = "channel" if row["type"] == "CHAN" else "contact"
+                               ELSE 0
-            state_key = f"{prefix}-{row['conversation_key']}"
+                           END) > 0 as has_mention
-            last_message_times[state_key] = row["last_message_time"]
+                FROM messages m
+                JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
+                WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.outgoing = 0
+                  AND m.received_at > COALESCE(c.last_read_at, 0)
+                  {blocked_sql}
+                GROUP BY m.conversation_key
+                """,
+                (mention_token or "", mention_token or "", *blocked_params),
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            for row in rows:
+                state_key = f"channel-{row['conversation_key']}"
+                counts[state_key] = row["unread_count"]
+                if mention_token and row["has_mention"]:
+                    mention_flags[state_key] = True
+
+            # Contact unreads
+            async with conn.execute(
+                f"""
+                SELECT m.conversation_key,
+                       COUNT(*) as unread_count,
+                       SUM(CASE
+                               WHEN ? <> '' AND INSTR(LOWER(m.text), LOWER(?)) > 0 THEN 1
+                               ELSE 0
+                           END) > 0 as has_mention
+                FROM messages m
+                LEFT JOIN contacts ct ON m.conversation_key = ct.public_key
+                WHERE m.type = 'PRIV' AND m.outgoing = 0
+                  AND m.received_at > COALESCE(ct.last_read_at, 0)
+                  {blocked_sql}
+                GROUP BY m.conversation_key
+                """,
+                (mention_token or "", mention_token or "", *blocked_params),
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            for row in rows:
+                state_key = f"contact-{row['conversation_key']}"
+                counts[state_key] = row["unread_count"]
+                if mention_token and row["has_mention"]:
+                    mention_flags[state_key] = True
+
+            async with conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT key, last_read_at
+                FROM channels
+                """
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            for row in rows:
+                last_read_ats[f"channel-{row['key']}"] = row["last_read_at"]
+
+            async with conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT public_key, last_read_at
+                FROM contacts
+                """
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            for row in rows:
+                last_read_ats[f"contact-{row['public_key']}"] = row["last_read_at"]
+
+            async with conn.execute(
+                f"""
+                SELECT type, conversation_key, MAX(received_at) as last_message_time
+                FROM messages
+                {last_time_where_sql}
+                GROUP BY type, conversation_key
+                """,
+                last_time_params,
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            for row in rows:
+                prefix = "channel" if row["type"] == "CHAN" else "contact"
+                state_key = f"{prefix}-{row['conversation_key']}"
+                last_message_times[state_key] = row["last_message_time"]
 
         # Only include last_read_ats for conversations that actually have messages.
         # Without this filter, every contact heard via advertisement (even without
@@ -760,41 +788,45 @@ class MessageRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def count_dm_messages(contact_key: str) -> int:
         """Count total DM messages for a contact."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM messages WHERE type = 'PRIV' AND conversation_key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (contact_key.lower(),),
+                "SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM messages WHERE type = 'PRIV' AND conversation_key = ?",
-        )
+                (contact_key.lower(),),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["cnt"] if row else 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def count_channel_messages_by_sender(sender_key: str) -> int:
         """Count channel messages sent by a specific contact."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_key = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (sender_key.lower(),),
+                "SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_key = ?",
-        )
+                (sender_key.lower(),),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["cnt"] if row else 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def count_channel_messages_by_sender_name(sender_name: str) -> int:
         """Count channel messages attributed to a display name."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_name = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (sender_name,),
+                "SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_name = ?",
-        )
+                (sender_name,),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["cnt"] if row else 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_first_channel_message_by_sender_name(sender_name: str) -> int | None:
         """Get the earliest stored channel message timestamp for a display name."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT MIN(received_at) AS first_seen FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_name = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (sender_name,),
+                "SELECT MIN(received_at) AS first_seen FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND sender_name = ?",
-        )
+                (sender_name,),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["first_seen"] if row and row["first_seen"] is not None else None
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -813,68 +845,76 @@ class MessageRepository:
         t_48h = now - 172800
         t_7d = now - 604800
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT COUNT(*) AS all_time,
+                """
-                SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_1h,
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS all_time,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_24h,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_1h,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_48h,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_24h,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_7d,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_48h,
-                MIN(received_at) AS first_message_at,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_7d,
-                COUNT(DISTINCT sender_key) AS unique_sender_count
+                    MIN(received_at) AS first_message_at,
-            FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND conversation_key = ?
+                    COUNT(DISTINCT sender_key) AS unique_sender_count
-            """,
+                FROM messages WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND conversation_key = ?
-            (t_1h, t_24h, t_48h, t_7d, conversation_key),
+                """,
-        )
+                (t_1h, t_24h, t_48h, t_7d, conversation_key),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
-        assert row is not None  # Aggregate query always returns a row
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            assert row is not None  # Aggregate query always returns a row
 
-        message_counts = {
+            message_counts = {
-            "last_1h": row["last_1h"] or 0,
+                "last_1h": row["last_1h"] or 0,
-            "last_24h": row["last_24h"] or 0,
+                "last_24h": row["last_24h"] or 0,
-            "last_48h": row["last_48h"] or 0,
+                "last_48h": row["last_48h"] or 0,
-            "last_7d": row["last_7d"] or 0,
+                "last_7d": row["last_7d"] or 0,
-            "all_time": row["all_time"] or 0,
+                "all_time": row["all_time"] or 0,
-        }
-
-        cursor2 = await db.conn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT COALESCE(sender_name, sender_key, 'Unknown') AS display_name,
-                sender_key, COUNT(*) AS cnt
-            FROM messages
-            WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND conversation_key = ?
-                AND received_at >= ? AND sender_key IS NOT NULL
-            GROUP BY sender_key ORDER BY cnt DESC LIMIT 5
-            """,
-            (conversation_key, t_24h),
-        )
-        top_rows = await cursor2.fetchall()
-        top_senders = [
-            {
-                "sender_name": r["display_name"],
-                "sender_key": r["sender_key"],
-                "message_count": r["cnt"],
             }
-            for r in top_rows
-        ]
 
-        # Path hash width distribution for last 24h (in-Python parse of raw packet envelopes)
+            async with conn.execute(
-        cursor3 = await db.conn.execute(
+                """
-            """
+                SELECT COALESCE(sender_name, sender_key, 'Unknown') AS display_name,
-            SELECT rp.data FROM raw_packets rp
+                    sender_key, COUNT(*) AS cnt
-            JOIN messages m ON rp.message_id = m.id
+                FROM messages
-            WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.conversation_key = ?
+                WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND conversation_key = ?
-              AND rp.timestamp >= ?
+                    AND received_at >= ? AND sender_key IS NOT NULL
-            """,
+                GROUP BY sender_key ORDER BY cnt DESC LIMIT 5
-            (conversation_key, t_24h),
+                """,
-        )
+                (conversation_key, t_24h),
-        rows3 = await cursor3.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                top_rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            top_senders = [
+                {
+                    "sender_name": r["display_name"],
+                    "sender_key": r["sender_key"],
+                    "message_count": r["cnt"],
+                }
+                for r in top_rows
+            ]
+
+            # Path hash width distribution for last 24h: fetch raw rows under
+            # the lock, then release BEFORE the CPU-bound in-Python envelope
+            # parse. Parsing can iterate thousands of rows and previously held
+            # the DB lock for the whole traversal — blocking every other repo
+            # caller on a Pi. Keep the lock only for the fetch.
+            async with conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT rp.data FROM raw_packets rp
+                JOIN messages m ON rp.message_id = m.id
+                WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.conversation_key = ?
+                  AND rp.timestamp >= ?
+                """,
+                (conversation_key, t_24h),
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows3 = await cursor.fetchall()
+            first_message_at = row["first_message_at"]
+            unique_sender_count = row["unique_sender_count"] or 0
+
         path_hash_width_24h = bucket_path_hash_widths(rows3)
 
         return {
             "message_counts": message_counts,
-            "first_message_at": row["first_message_at"],
+            "first_message_at": first_message_at,
-            "unique_sender_count": row["unique_sender_count"] or 0,
+            "unique_sender_count": unique_sender_count,
             "top_senders_24h": top_senders,
             "path_hash_width_24h": path_hash_width_24h,
         }
@@ -882,14 +922,15 @@ class MessageRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def count_channels_with_incoming_messages() -> int:
         """Count distinct channel conversations with at least one incoming message."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT conversation_key) AS cnt
+                """
-            FROM messages
+                SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT conversation_key) AS cnt
-            WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND outgoing = 0
+                FROM messages
-            """
+                WHERE type = 'CHAN' AND outgoing = 0
-        )
+                """
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return int(row["cnt"]) if row and row["cnt"] is not None else 0
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -898,20 +939,21 @@ class MessageRepository:
 
         Returns list of (channel_key, channel_name, message_count) tuples.
         """
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT m.conversation_key, COALESCE(c.name, m.conversation_key) AS channel_name,
+                """
-                   COUNT(*) AS cnt
+                SELECT m.conversation_key, COALESCE(c.name, m.conversation_key) AS channel_name,
-            FROM messages m
+                       COUNT(*) AS cnt
-            LEFT JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
+                FROM messages m
-            WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.sender_key = ?
+                LEFT JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
-            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
+                WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.sender_key = ?
-            ORDER BY cnt DESC
+                GROUP BY m.conversation_key
-            LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY cnt DESC
-            """,
+                LIMIT ?
-            (sender_key.lower(), limit),
+                """,
-        )
+                (sender_key.lower(), limit),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [(row["conversation_key"], row["channel_name"], row["cnt"]) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -919,34 +961,36 @@ class MessageRepository:
         sender_name: str, limit: int = 5
     ) -> list[tuple[str, str, int]]:
         """Get channels where a display name has sent the most messages."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT m.conversation_key, COALESCE(c.name, m.conversation_key) AS channel_name,
+                """
-                   COUNT(*) AS cnt
+                SELECT m.conversation_key, COALESCE(c.name, m.conversation_key) AS channel_name,
-            FROM messages m
+                       COUNT(*) AS cnt
-            LEFT JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
+                FROM messages m
-            WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.sender_name = ?
+                LEFT JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
-            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
+                WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.sender_name = ?
-            ORDER BY cnt DESC
+                GROUP BY m.conversation_key
-            LIMIT ?
+                ORDER BY cnt DESC
-            """,
+                LIMIT ?
-            (sender_name, limit),
+                """,
-        )
+                (sender_name, limit),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [(row["conversation_key"], row["channel_name"], row["cnt"]) for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def _get_activity_hour_buckets(where_sql: str, params: list[Any]) -> dict[int, int]:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            f"""
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT received_at / 3600 AS hour_bucket, COUNT(*) AS cnt
+                f"""
-            FROM messages
+                SELECT received_at / 3600 AS hour_bucket, COUNT(*) AS cnt
-            WHERE {where_sql}
+                FROM messages
-            GROUP BY hour_bucket
+                WHERE {where_sql}
-            """,
+                GROUP BY hour_bucket
-            params,
+                """,
-        )
+                params,
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return {int(row["hour_bucket"]): row["cnt"] for row in rows}
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1000,16 +1044,17 @@ class MessageRepository:
         current_day_start = (now // 86400) * 86400
         start = current_day_start - (weeks - 1) * bucket_seconds
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            f"""
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT (received_at - ?) / ? AS bucket_idx, COUNT(*) AS cnt
+                f"""
-            FROM messages
+                SELECT (received_at - ?) / ? AS bucket_idx, COUNT(*) AS cnt
-            WHERE {where_sql} AND received_at >= ?
+                FROM messages
-            GROUP BY bucket_idx
+                WHERE {where_sql} AND received_at >= ?
-            """,
+                GROUP BY bucket_idx
-            [start, bucket_seconds, *params, start],
+                """,
-        )
+                [start, bucket_seconds, *params, start],
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         counts = {int(row["bucket_idx"]): row["cnt"] for row in rows}
 
         return [

app/repository/push_subscriptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+"""Repository for push_subscriptions table."""
+
+import logging
+import time
+import uuid
+from typing import Any
+
+from app.database import db
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Auto-delete subscriptions that have failed this many times consecutively
+# without any successful delivery in between.
+MAX_CONSECUTIVE_FAILURES = 15
+
+
+def _row_to_dict(row: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "id": row["id"],
+        "endpoint": row["endpoint"],
+        "p256dh": row["p256dh"],
+        "auth": row["auth"],
+        "label": row["label"] or "",
+        "created_at": row["created_at"] or 0,
+        "last_success_at": row["last_success_at"],
+        "failure_count": row["failure_count"] or 0,
+    }
+
+
+class PushSubscriptionRepository:
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create(
+        endpoint: str,
+        p256dh: str,
+        auth: str,
+        label: str = "",
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Create or upsert a push subscription (keyed by endpoint)."""
+        sub_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        now = int(time.time())
+
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO push_subscriptions
+                    (id, endpoint, p256dh, auth, label, created_at, failure_count)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
+                ON CONFLICT(endpoint) DO UPDATE SET
+                    p256dh = excluded.p256dh,
+                    auth = excluded.auth,
+                    label = CASE WHEN excluded.label != '' THEN excluded.label
+                                 ELSE push_subscriptions.label END,
+                    failure_count = 0
+                """,
+                (sub_id, endpoint, p256dh, auth, label, now),
+            )
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM push_subscriptions WHERE endpoint = ?", (endpoint,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+
+        return _row_to_dict(row) if row else {"id": sub_id}  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get(subscription_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM push_subscriptions WHERE id = ?", (subscription_id,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+        return _row_to_dict(row) if row else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_by_endpoint(endpoint: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM push_subscriptions WHERE endpoint = ?", (endpoint,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+        return _row_to_dict(row) if row else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_all() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM push_subscriptions ORDER BY created_at DESC"
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+        return [_row_to_dict(row) for row in rows]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def update(subscription_id: str, **fields: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        updates: list[str] = []
+        params: list[Any] = []
+
+        if "label" in fields:
+            updates.append("label = ?")
+            params.append(fields["label"])
+
+        if not updates:
+            return await PushSubscriptionRepository.get(subscription_id)
+
+        params.append(subscription_id)
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(
+                f"UPDATE push_subscriptions SET {', '.join(updates)} WHERE id = ?",
+                params,
+            )
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM push_subscriptions WHERE id = ?", (subscription_id,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+        return _row_to_dict(row) if row else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def delete(subscription_id: str) -> bool:
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM push_subscriptions WHERE id = ?", (subscription_id,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                return cursor.rowcount > 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def delete_by_endpoint(endpoint: str) -> bool:
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM push_subscriptions WHERE endpoint = ?", (endpoint,)
+            ) as cursor:
+                return cursor.rowcount > 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def batch_record_outcomes(
+        success_ids: list[str], failure_ids: list[str], remove_ids: list[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Batch-update delivery outcomes in a single transaction."""
+        now = int(time.time())
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            if remove_ids:
+                placeholders = ",".join("?" for _ in remove_ids)
+                await conn.execute(
+                    f"DELETE FROM push_subscriptions WHERE id IN ({placeholders})",
+                    remove_ids,
+                )
+            if success_ids:
+                placeholders = ",".join("?" for _ in success_ids)
+                await conn.execute(
+                    f"UPDATE push_subscriptions SET last_success_at = ?, failure_count = 0 "
+                    f"WHERE id IN ({placeholders})",
+                    [now, *success_ids],
+                )
+            if failure_ids:
+                placeholders = ",".join("?" for _ in failure_ids)
+                await conn.execute(
+                    f"UPDATE push_subscriptions SET failure_count = failure_count + 1 "
+                    f"WHERE id IN ({placeholders})",
+                    failure_ids,
+                )
+            # Evict subscriptions that have exceeded the failure threshold
+            await conn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM push_subscriptions WHERE failure_count >= ?",
+                (MAX_CONSECUTIVE_FAILURES,),
+            )

app/repository/raw_packets.py

@@ -34,65 +34,85 @@ class RawPacketRepository:
             # For malformed packets, hash the full data
             payload_hash = sha256(data).digest()
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO raw_packets (timestamp, data, payload_hash) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (ts, data, payload_hash),
+                "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO raw_packets (timestamp, data, payload_hash) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-        )
+                (ts, data, payload_hash),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+                lastrowid = cursor.lastrowid
 
-        if cursor.rowcount > 0:
+            if rowcount > 0:
-            assert cursor.lastrowid is not None
+                assert lastrowid is not None
-            return (cursor.lastrowid, True)
+                return (lastrowid, True)
 
-        # Duplicate payload — look up the existing row.
+            # Duplicate payload — look up the existing row (same transaction).
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+            async with conn.execute(
-            "SELECT id FROM raw_packets WHERE payload_hash = ?", (payload_hash,)
+                "SELECT id FROM raw_packets WHERE payload_hash = ?", (payload_hash,)
-        )
+            ) as cursor:
-        existing = await cursor.fetchone()
+                existing = await cursor.fetchone()
         assert existing is not None
         return (existing["id"], False)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_undecrypted_count() -> int:
         """Get count of undecrypted packets (those without a linked message)."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL"
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL"
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["count"] if row else 0
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_oldest_undecrypted() -> int | None:
         """Get timestamp of oldest undecrypted packet, or None if none exist."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT MIN(timestamp) as oldest FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL"
+            async with conn.execute(
-        )
+                "SELECT MIN(timestamp) as oldest FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL"
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         return row["oldest"] if row and row["oldest"] is not None else None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _stream_undecrypted_rows(
+        batch_size: int,
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[int, bytes, int]]:
+        """Internal: keyset-paginated scan of every undecrypted raw packet.
+
+        Yields ``(id, data, timestamp)`` for each row across all batches.
+        Lock is acquired per batch only — concurrent writes can interleave
+        at batch boundaries rather than being blocked for the full scan.
+        Each batch opens a fresh cursor and consumes it fully with
+        ``fetchall()`` before releasing, so no prepared statement is alive
+        at a yield boundary.
+
+        ``last_id`` advances per row, not per yield, so external filters
+        (see ``stream_undecrypted_text_messages``) that drop rows do not
+        cause a re-scan of skipped IDs.
+        """
+        last_id = -1
+        while True:
+            async with db.readonly() as conn:
+                async with conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT id, data, timestamp FROM raw_packets "
+                    "WHERE message_id IS NULL AND id > ? ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?",
+                    (last_id, batch_size),
+                ) as cursor:
+                    rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            if not rows:
+                return
+            for row in rows:
+                last_id = row["id"]
+                yield (row["id"], bytes(row["data"]), row["timestamp"])
+
     @staticmethod
     async def stream_all_undecrypted(
         batch_size: int = UNDECRYPTED_PACKET_BATCH_SIZE,
     ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[int, bytes, int]]:
-        """Yield all undecrypted packets as (id, data, timestamp) in bounded batches.
+        """Yield all undecrypted packets as (id, data, timestamp) in bounded batches."""
-
+        async for row in RawPacketRepository._stream_undecrypted_rows(batch_size):
-        Uses keyset pagination so each batch is a fresh query with a fully
+            yield row
-        consumed cursor — no open statement held across yield boundaries.
-        """
-        last_id = -1
-        while True:
-            cursor = await db.conn.execute(
-                "SELECT id, data, timestamp FROM raw_packets "
-                "WHERE message_id IS NULL AND id > ? ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?",
-                (last_id, batch_size),
-            )
-            rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-            await cursor.close()
-            if not rows:
-                break
-            for row in rows:
-                last_id = row["id"]
-                yield (row["id"], bytes(row["data"]), row["timestamp"])
 
     @staticmethod
     async def stream_undecrypted_text_messages(
@@ -100,26 +120,15 @@ class RawPacketRepository:
     ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[int, bytes, int]]:
         """Yield undecrypted TEXT_MESSAGE packets in bounded-size batches.
 
-        Uses keyset pagination so each batch is a fresh query with a fully
+        Filters the shared scan to rows whose payload parses as a text
-        consumed cursor — no open statement held across yield boundaries.
+        message. Non-matching rows still advance the keyset cursor so they
+        aren't re-fetched on subsequent batches.
         """
-        last_id = -1
+        async for packet_id, data, timestamp in RawPacketRepository._stream_undecrypted_rows(
-        while True:
+            batch_size
-            cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        ):
-                "SELECT id, data, timestamp FROM raw_packets "
+            if get_packet_payload_type(data) == PayloadType.TEXT_MESSAGE:
-                "WHERE message_id IS NULL AND id > ? ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?",
+                yield (packet_id, data, timestamp)
-                (last_id, batch_size),
-            )
-            rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-            await cursor.close()
-            if not rows:
-                break
-            for row in rows:
-                last_id = row["id"]
-                data = bytes(row["data"])
-                payload_type = get_packet_payload_type(data)
-                if payload_type == PayloadType.TEXT_MESSAGE:
-                    yield (row["id"], data, row["timestamp"])
 
     @staticmethod
     async def count_undecrypted_text_messages(
@@ -136,20 +145,22 @@ class RawPacketRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def mark_decrypted(packet_id: int, message_id: int) -> None:
         """Link a raw packet to its decrypted message."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "UPDATE raw_packets SET message_id = ? WHERE id = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (message_id, packet_id),
+                "UPDATE raw_packets SET message_id = ? WHERE id = ?",
-        )
+                (message_id, packet_id),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_linked_message_id(packet_id: int) -> int | None:
         """Return the linked message ID for a raw packet, if any."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT message_id FROM raw_packets WHERE id = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (packet_id,),
+                "SELECT message_id FROM raw_packets WHERE id = ?",
-        )
+                (packet_id,),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if not row:
             return None
         return row["message_id"]
@@ -157,11 +168,12 @@ class RawPacketRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def get_by_id(packet_id: int) -> tuple[int, bytes, int, int | None] | None:
         """Return a raw packet row as (id, data, timestamp, message_id)."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT id, data, timestamp, message_id FROM raw_packets WHERE id = ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (packet_id,),
+                "SELECT id, data, timestamp, message_id FROM raw_packets WHERE id = ?",
-        )
+                (packet_id,),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if not row:
             return None
         return (row["id"], bytes(row["data"]), row["timestamp"], row["message_id"])
@@ -170,16 +182,20 @@ class RawPacketRepository:
     async def prune_old_undecrypted(max_age_days: int) -> int:
         """Delete undecrypted packets older than max_age_days. Returns count deleted."""
         cutoff = int(time.time()) - (max_age_days * 86400)
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "DELETE FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL AND timestamp < ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (cutoff,),
+                "DELETE FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL AND timestamp < ?",
-        )
+                (cutoff,),
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            ) as cursor:
-        return cursor.rowcount
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount
 
     @staticmethod
     async def purge_linked_to_messages() -> int:
         """Delete raw packets that are already linked to a stored message."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("DELETE FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NOT NULL")
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            async with conn.execute(
-        return cursor.rowcount
+                "DELETE FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NOT NULL"
+            ) as cursor:
+                rowcount = cursor.rowcount
+        return rowcount

app/repository/repeater_telemetry.py

@@ -21,51 +21,54 @@ class RepeaterTelemetryRepository:
         data: dict,
     ) -> None:
         """Insert a telemetry history row and prune stale entries."""
-        await db.conn.execute(
-            """
-            INSERT INTO repeater_telemetry_history
-                (public_key, timestamp, data)
-            VALUES (?, ?, ?)
-            """,
-            (public_key, timestamp, json.dumps(data)),
-        )
-
-        # Prune entries older than 30 days
         cutoff = int(time.time()) - _MAX_AGE_SECONDS
-        await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            "DELETE FROM repeater_telemetry_history WHERE public_key = ? AND timestamp < ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (public_key, cutoff),
+                """
-        )
+                INSERT INTO repeater_telemetry_history
+                    (public_key, timestamp, data)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (public_key, timestamp, json.dumps(data)),
+            ):
+                pass
 
-        # Cap at _MAX_ENTRIES_PER_REPEATER (keep newest)
+            # Prune entries older than 30 days
-        await db.conn.execute(
+            async with conn.execute(
-            """
+                "DELETE FROM repeater_telemetry_history WHERE public_key = ? AND timestamp < ?",
-            DELETE FROM repeater_telemetry_history
+                (public_key, cutoff),
-            WHERE public_key = ? AND id NOT IN (
+            ):
-                SELECT id FROM repeater_telemetry_history
+                pass
-                WHERE public_key = ?
-                ORDER BY timestamp DESC
-                LIMIT ?
-            )
-            """,
-            (public_key, public_key, _MAX_ENTRIES_PER_REPEATER),
-        )
 
-        await db.conn.commit()
+            # Cap at _MAX_ENTRIES_PER_REPEATER (keep newest)
+            async with conn.execute(
+                """
+                DELETE FROM repeater_telemetry_history
+                WHERE public_key = ? AND id NOT IN (
+                    SELECT id FROM repeater_telemetry_history
+                    WHERE public_key = ?
+                    ORDER BY timestamp DESC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                )
+                """,
+                (public_key, public_key, _MAX_ENTRIES_PER_REPEATER),
+            ):
+                pass
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_history(public_key: str, since_timestamp: int) -> list[dict]:
         """Return telemetry rows for a repeater since a given timestamp, ordered ASC."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT timestamp, data
+                """
-            FROM repeater_telemetry_history
+                SELECT timestamp, data
-            WHERE public_key = ? AND timestamp >= ?
+                FROM repeater_telemetry_history
-            ORDER BY timestamp ASC
+                WHERE public_key = ? AND timestamp >= ?
-            """,
+                ORDER BY timestamp ASC
-            (public_key, since_timestamp),
+                """,
-        )
+                (public_key, since_timestamp),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [
             {
                 "timestamp": row["timestamp"],
@@ -77,17 +80,18 @@ class RepeaterTelemetryRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def get_latest(public_key: str) -> dict | None:
         """Return the most recent telemetry row for a repeater, or None."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT timestamp, data
+                """
-            FROM repeater_telemetry_history
+                SELECT timestamp, data
-            WHERE public_key = ?
+                FROM repeater_telemetry_history
-            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
+                WHERE public_key = ?
-            LIMIT 1
+                ORDER BY timestamp DESC
-            """,
+                LIMIT 1
-            (public_key,),
+                """,
-        )
+                (public_key,),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         if row is None:
             return None
         return {

app/repository/settings.py

@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ import logging
 import time
 from typing import Any
 
+import aiosqlite
+
 from app.database import db
 from app.models import AppSettings
 from app.path_utils import bucket_path_hash_widths
+from app.telemetry_interval import DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -16,25 +19,34 @@ SECONDS_7D = 604800
 
 
 class AppSettingsRepository:
-    """Repository for app_settings table (single-row pattern)."""
+    """Repository for app_settings table (single-row pattern).
+
+    Public methods acquire the DB lock exactly once. ``toggle_*`` helpers that
+    need a read-modify-write do so inside a single ``db.tx()`` — the internal
+    ``_get_in_conn`` / ``_apply_updates`` helpers run under the caller's
+    already-held lock and must NEVER call ``db.tx()`` or ``db.readonly()``.
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def get() -> AppSettings:
+    async def _get_in_conn(conn: aiosqlite.Connection) -> AppSettings:
-        """Get the current app settings.
+        """Load settings using an already-acquired connection.
 
-        Always returns settings - creates default row if needed (migration handles initial row).
+        Used by the public ``get()`` and by multi-step operations
+        (``toggle_blocked_key``, ``toggle_blocked_name``) to avoid re-entering
+        the non-reentrant DB lock.
         """
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with conn.execute(
             """
             SELECT max_radio_contacts, auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert,
                    last_message_times,
                    advert_interval, last_advert_time, flood_scope,
                    blocked_keys, blocked_names, discovery_blocked_types,
-                   tracked_telemetry_repeaters, auto_resend_channel
+                   tracked_telemetry_repeaters, auto_resend_channel,
+                   telemetry_interval_hours
             FROM app_settings WHERE id = 1
             """
-        )
+        ) as cursor:
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            row = await cursor.fetchone()
 
         if not row:
             # Should not happen after migration, but handle gracefully
@@ -91,6 +103,16 @@ class AppSettingsRepository:
         except (KeyError, TypeError):
             auto_resend_channel = False
 
+        # Parse telemetry_interval_hours (migration adds the column with
+        # default=8, but guard against older rows / partial migrations).
+        try:
+            raw_interval = row["telemetry_interval_hours"]
+            telemetry_interval_hours = (
+                int(raw_interval) if raw_interval is not None else DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+            )
+        except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
+            telemetry_interval_hours = DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+
         return AppSettings(
             max_radio_contacts=row["max_radio_contacts"],
             auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert=bool(row["auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert"]),
@@ -103,10 +125,13 @@ class AppSettingsRepository:
             discovery_blocked_types=discovery_blocked_types,
             tracked_telemetry_repeaters=tracked_telemetry_repeaters,
             auto_resend_channel=auto_resend_channel,
+            telemetry_interval_hours=telemetry_interval_hours,
         )
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(
+    async def _apply_updates(
+        conn: aiosqlite.Connection,
+        *,
         max_radio_contacts: int | None = None,
         auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert: bool | None = None,
         last_message_times: dict[str, int] | None = None,
@@ -118,9 +143,14 @@ class AppSettingsRepository:
         discovery_blocked_types: list[int] | None = None,
         tracked_telemetry_repeaters: list[str] | None = None,
         auto_resend_channel: bool | None = None,
-    ) -> AppSettings:
+        telemetry_interval_hours: int | None = None,
-        """Update app settings. Only provided fields are updated."""
+    ) -> None:
-        updates = []
+        """Apply field updates using an already-acquired connection.
+
+        Emits a single UPDATE statement inside the caller's transaction. Does
+        NOT commit — the caller's ``db.tx()`` handles that.
+        """
+        updates: list[str] = []
         params: list[Any] = []
 
         if max_radio_contacts is not None:
@@ -167,49 +197,186 @@ class AppSettingsRepository:
             updates.append("auto_resend_channel = ?")
             params.append(1 if auto_resend_channel else 0)
 
+        if telemetry_interval_hours is not None:
+            updates.append("telemetry_interval_hours = ?")
+            params.append(telemetry_interval_hours)
+
         if updates:
             query = f"UPDATE app_settings SET {', '.join(updates)} WHERE id = 1"
-            await db.conn.execute(query, params)
+            async with conn.execute(query, params):
-            await db.conn.commit()
+                pass
 
-        return await AppSettingsRepository.get()
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get() -> AppSettings:
+        """Get the current app settings.
+
+        Always returns settings - creates default row if needed (migration handles initial row).
+        """
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            return await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(conn)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def update(
+        max_radio_contacts: int | None = None,
+        auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert: bool | None = None,
+        last_message_times: dict[str, int] | None = None,
+        advert_interval: int | None = None,
+        last_advert_time: int | None = None,
+        flood_scope: str | None = None,
+        blocked_keys: list[str] | None = None,
+        blocked_names: list[str] | None = None,
+        discovery_blocked_types: list[int] | None = None,
+        tracked_telemetry_repeaters: list[str] | None = None,
+        auto_resend_channel: bool | None = None,
+        telemetry_interval_hours: int | None = None,
+    ) -> AppSettings:
+        """Update app settings. Only provided fields are updated."""
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            await AppSettingsRepository._apply_updates(
+                conn,
+                max_radio_contacts=max_radio_contacts,
+                auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert=auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert,
+                last_message_times=last_message_times,
+                advert_interval=advert_interval,
+                last_advert_time=last_advert_time,
+                flood_scope=flood_scope,
+                blocked_keys=blocked_keys,
+                blocked_names=blocked_names,
+                discovery_blocked_types=discovery_blocked_types,
+                tracked_telemetry_repeaters=tracked_telemetry_repeaters,
+                auto_resend_channel=auto_resend_channel,
+                telemetry_interval_hours=telemetry_interval_hours,
+            )
+            return await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(conn)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def toggle_blocked_key(key: str) -> AppSettings:
-        """Toggle a public key in the blocked list. Keys are normalized to lowercase."""
+        """Toggle a public key in the blocked list. Keys are normalized to lowercase.
+
+        Read-modify-write is atomic under a single ``db.tx()`` lock — two
+        concurrent toggles for the same key cannot produce an inconsistent
+        intermediate state.
+        """
         normalized = key.lower()
-        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-        if normalized in settings.blocked_keys:
+            settings = await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(conn)
-            new_keys = [k for k in settings.blocked_keys if k != normalized]
+            if normalized in settings.blocked_keys:
-        else:
+                new_keys = [k for k in settings.blocked_keys if k != normalized]
-            new_keys = settings.blocked_keys + [normalized]
+            else:
-        return await AppSettingsRepository.update(blocked_keys=new_keys)
+                new_keys = settings.blocked_keys + [normalized]
+            await AppSettingsRepository._apply_updates(conn, blocked_keys=new_keys)
+            return await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(conn)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def toggle_blocked_name(name: str) -> AppSettings:
-        """Toggle a display name in the blocked list."""
+        """Toggle a display name in the blocked list.
-        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
+
-        if name in settings.blocked_names:
+        Same atomicity guarantee as ``toggle_blocked_key``.
-            new_names = [n for n in settings.blocked_names if n != name]
+        """
-        else:
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
-            new_names = settings.blocked_names + [name]
+            settings = await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(conn)
-        return await AppSettingsRepository.update(blocked_names=new_names)
+            if name in settings.blocked_names:
+                new_names = [n for n in settings.blocked_names if n != name]
+            else:
+                new_names = settings.blocked_names + [name]
+            await AppSettingsRepository._apply_updates(conn, blocked_names=new_names)
+            return await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(conn)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_vapid_keys() -> tuple[str, str]:
+        """Return (private_key_pem, public_key_b64url) from app_settings.
+
+        These are internal-only columns not exposed via the AppSettings model.
+        """
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT vapid_private_key, vapid_public_key FROM app_settings WHERE id = 1"
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+        if row and row["vapid_private_key"] and row["vapid_public_key"]:
+            return row["vapid_private_key"], row["vapid_public_key"]
+        return "", ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def set_vapid_keys(private_key: str, public_key: str) -> None:
+        """Persist auto-generated VAPID key pair to app_settings."""
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE app_settings SET vapid_private_key = ?, vapid_public_key = ? WHERE id = 1",
+                (private_key, public_key),
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_push_conversations() -> list[str]:
+        """Return the global list of push-enabled conversation state keys.
+
+        Internal-only column, not exposed via the AppSettings model.
+        """
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT push_conversations FROM app_settings WHERE id = 1"
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+        if row and row["push_conversations"]:
+            try:
+                return json.loads(row["push_conversations"])
+            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
+                return []
+        return []
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def set_push_conversations(conversations: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        """Replace the global push-enabled conversation list."""
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE app_settings SET push_conversations = ? WHERE id = 1",
+                (json.dumps(conversations),),
+            )
+        return conversations
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def toggle_push_conversation(key: str) -> list[str]:
+        """Add or remove a conversation state key from the global push list.
+
+        Atomic read-modify-write under a single ``db.tx()`` lock.
+        """
+        async with db.tx() as conn:
+            async with conn.execute(
+                "SELECT push_conversations FROM app_settings WHERE id = 1"
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            current: list[str] = []
+            if row and row["push_conversations"]:
+                try:
+                    current = json.loads(row["push_conversations"])
+                except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
+                    current = []
+            if key in current:
+                current = [k for k in current if k != key]
+            else:
+                current.append(key)
+            await conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE app_settings SET push_conversations = ? WHERE id = 1",
+                (json.dumps(current),),
+            )
+        return current
 
 
 class StatisticsRepository:
     @staticmethod
     async def get_database_message_totals() -> dict[str, int]:
         """Return message totals needed by lightweight debug surfaces."""
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT
+                """
-                SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'PRIV' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS total_dms,
+                SELECT
-                SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'CHAN' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS total_channel_messages,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'PRIV' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS total_dms,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN outgoing = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS total_outgoing
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'CHAN' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS total_channel_messages,
-            FROM messages
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN outgoing = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS total_outgoing
-            """
+                FROM messages
-        )
+                """
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         assert row is not None
         return {
             "total_dms": row["total_dms"] or 0,
@@ -222,18 +389,19 @@ class StatisticsRepository:
         """Get time-windowed counts for contacts/repeaters heard."""
         now = int(time.time())
         op = "!=" if exclude else "="
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            f"""
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT
+                f"""
-                SUM(CASE WHEN last_seen >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_hour,
+                SELECT
-                SUM(CASE WHEN last_seen >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_24_hours,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN last_seen >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_hour,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN last_seen >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_week
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN last_seen >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_24_hours,
-            FROM contacts
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN last_seen >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_week
-            WHERE type {op} ? AND last_seen IS NOT NULL
+                FROM contacts
-            """,
+                WHERE type {op} ? AND last_seen IS NOT NULL
-            (now - SECONDS_1H, now - SECONDS_24H, now - SECONDS_7D, contact_type),
+                """,
-        )
+                (now - SECONDS_1H, now - SECONDS_24H, now - SECONDS_7D, contact_type),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         assert row is not None  # Aggregate query always returns a row
         return {
             "last_hour": row["last_hour"] or 0,
@@ -249,24 +417,25 @@ class StatisticsRepository:
         the old UPPER(...) join and aggregate per known channel directly.
         """
         now = int(time.time())
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            WITH known AS (
+                """
-                SELECT conversation_key, MAX(received_at) AS last_received_at
+                WITH known AS (
-                FROM messages
+                    SELECT conversation_key, MAX(received_at) AS last_received_at
-                WHERE type = 'CHAN'
+                    FROM messages
-                  AND conversation_key IN (SELECT key FROM channels)
+                    WHERE type = 'CHAN'
-                GROUP BY conversation_key
+                      AND conversation_key IN (SELECT key FROM channels)
-            )
+                    GROUP BY conversation_key
-            SELECT
+                )
-                SUM(CASE WHEN last_received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_hour,
+                SELECT
-                SUM(CASE WHEN last_received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_24_hours,
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN last_received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_hour,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN last_received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_week
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN last_received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_24_hours,
-            FROM known
+                    SUM(CASE WHEN last_received_at >= ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS last_week
-            """,
+                FROM known
-            (now - SECONDS_1H, now - SECONDS_24H, now - SECONDS_7D),
+                """,
-        )
+                (now - SECONDS_1H, now - SECONDS_24H, now - SECONDS_7D),
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            ) as cursor:
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
         assert row is not None
         return {
             "last_hour": row["last_hour"] or 0,
@@ -280,92 +449,105 @@ class StatisticsRepository:
         now = int(time.time())
         cutoff = now - SECONDS_72H
         # Bucket timestamps to the start of each hour
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT (timestamp / 3600) * 3600 AS hour_ts, COUNT(*) AS count
+                """
-            FROM raw_packets
+                SELECT (timestamp / 3600) * 3600 AS hour_ts, COUNT(*) AS count
-            WHERE timestamp >= ?
+                FROM raw_packets
-            GROUP BY hour_ts
+                WHERE timestamp >= ?
-            ORDER BY hour_ts
+                GROUP BY hour_ts
-            """,
+                ORDER BY hour_ts
-            (cutoff,),
+                """,
-        )
+                (cutoff,),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return [{"timestamp": row["hour_ts"], "count": row["count"]} for row in rows]
 
     @staticmethod
     async def _path_hash_width_24h() -> dict[str, int | float]:
         """Count parsed raw packets from the last 24h by hop hash width."""
         now = int(time.time())
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-            "SELECT data FROM raw_packets WHERE timestamp >= ?",
+            async with conn.execute(
-            (now - SECONDS_24H,),
+                "SELECT data FROM raw_packets WHERE timestamp >= ?",
-        )
+                (now - SECONDS_24H,),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
         return bucket_path_hash_widths(rows)
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_all() -> dict:
-        """Aggregate all statistics from existing tables."""
+        """Aggregate all statistics from existing tables.
+
+        Each helper acquires its own lock; there's no requirement that the
+        whole snapshot be atomic. If we ever wanted a consistent snapshot
+        we'd batch all queries into a single ``db.readonly()`` and use
+        ``_in_conn`` helpers, but statistics are intentionally approximate.
+        """
         now = int(time.time())
 
-        # Top 5 busiest channels in last 24h
+        async with db.readonly() as conn:
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+            # Top 5 busiest channels in last 24h
-            """
+            async with conn.execute(
-            SELECT m.conversation_key, COALESCE(c.name, m.conversation_key) AS channel_name,
+                """
-                   COUNT(*) AS message_count
+                SELECT m.conversation_key, COALESCE(c.name, m.conversation_key) AS channel_name,
-            FROM messages m
+                       COUNT(*) AS message_count
-            LEFT JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
+                FROM messages m
-            WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.received_at >= ?
+                LEFT JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
-            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
+                WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.received_at >= ?
-            ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC
+                GROUP BY m.conversation_key
-            LIMIT 5
+                ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC
-            """,
+                LIMIT 5
-            (now - SECONDS_24H,),
+                """,
-        )
+                (now - SECONDS_24H,),
-        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+            ) as cursor:
-        busiest_channels_24h = [
+                rows = await cursor.fetchall()
-            {
+            busiest_channels_24h = [
-                "channel_key": row["conversation_key"],
+                {
-                "channel_name": row["channel_name"],
+                    "channel_key": row["conversation_key"],
-                "message_count": row["message_count"],
+                    "channel_name": row["channel_name"],
-            }
+                    "message_count": row["message_count"],
-            for row in rows
+                }
-        ]
+                for row in rows
+            ]
 
-        # Entity counts
+            # Entity counts
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM contacts WHERE type != 2")
+            async with conn.execute(
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+                "SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM contacts WHERE type != 2"
-        assert row is not None
+            ) as cursor:
-        contact_count: int = row["cnt"]
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            assert row is not None
+            contact_count: int = row["cnt"]
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM contacts WHERE type = 2")
+            async with conn.execute(
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+                "SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM contacts WHERE type = 2"
-        assert row is not None
+            ) as cursor:
-        repeater_count: int = row["cnt"]
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            assert row is not None
+            repeater_count: int = row["cnt"]
 
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM channels")
+            async with conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM channels") as cursor:
-        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+                row = await cursor.fetchone()
-        assert row is not None
+            assert row is not None
-        channel_count: int = row["cnt"]
+            channel_count: int = row["cnt"]
 
-        # Packet split
+            # Packet split
-        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
+            async with conn.execute(
-            """
+                """
-            SELECT COUNT(*) AS total,
+                SELECT COUNT(*) AS total,
-                   SUM(CASE WHEN message_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS decrypted
+                       SUM(CASE WHEN message_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS decrypted
-            FROM raw_packets
+                FROM raw_packets
-            """
+                """
-        )
+            ) as cursor:
-        pkt_row = await cursor.fetchone()
+                pkt_row = await cursor.fetchone()
-        assert pkt_row is not None
+            assert pkt_row is not None
-        total_packets = pkt_row["total"] or 0
+            total_packets = pkt_row["total"] or 0
-        decrypted_packets = pkt_row["decrypted"] or 0
+            decrypted_packets = pkt_row["decrypted"] or 0
-        undecrypted_packets = total_packets - decrypted_packets
+            undecrypted_packets = total_packets - decrypted_packets
 
+        # These each acquire their own lock. The snapshot isn't atomic across
+        # them — fine for stats, which are approximate by nature.
         message_totals = await StatisticsRepository.get_database_message_totals()
-
-        # Activity windows
         contacts_heard = await StatisticsRepository._activity_counts(contact_type=2, exclude=True)
         repeaters_heard = await StatisticsRepository._activity_counts(contact_type=2)
         known_channels_active = await StatisticsRepository._known_channels_active()

app/routers/push.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Web Push subscription management endpoints."""
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import logging
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pywebpush import WebPushException
+
+from app.push.send import send_push
+from app.push.vapid import get_vapid_private_key, get_vapid_public_key
+from app.repository.push_subscriptions import PushSubscriptionRepository
+from app.repository.settings import AppSettingsRepository
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/push", tags=["push"])
+
+
+# ── Request/response models ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+class VapidPublicKeyResponse(BaseModel):
+    public_key: str
+
+
+class PushSubscribeRequest(BaseModel):
+    endpoint: str = Field(min_length=1)
+    p256dh: str = Field(min_length=1)
+    auth: str = Field(min_length=1)
+    label: str = ""
+
+
+class PushSubscriptionUpdate(BaseModel):
+    label: str | None = None
+
+
+class PushConversationToggle(BaseModel):
+    key: str = Field(min_length=1)
+
+
+# ─��� Endpoints ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+@router.get("/vapid-public-key", response_model=VapidPublicKeyResponse)
+async def vapid_public_key() -> VapidPublicKeyResponse:
+    """Return the VAPID public key for browser PushManager.subscribe()."""
+    key = get_vapid_public_key()
+    if not key:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=503, detail="VAPID keys not initialized")
+    return VapidPublicKeyResponse(public_key=key)
+
+
+@router.post("/subscribe")
+async def subscribe(body: PushSubscribeRequest) -> dict:
+    """Register or update a push subscription (device). Upserts by endpoint."""
+    sub = await PushSubscriptionRepository.create(
+        endpoint=body.endpoint,
+        p256dh=body.p256dh,
+        auth=body.auth,
+        label=body.label,
+    )
+    return sub
+
+
+@router.get("/subscriptions")
+async def list_subscriptions() -> list[dict]:
+    """List all push subscriptions (devices)."""
+    return await PushSubscriptionRepository.get_all()
+
+
+@router.patch("/subscriptions/{subscription_id}")
+async def update_subscription(subscription_id: str, body: PushSubscriptionUpdate) -> dict:
+    """Update a subscription's label."""
+    existing = await PushSubscriptionRepository.get(subscription_id)
+    if not existing:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Subscription not found")
+
+    updates = {}
+    if body.label is not None:
+        updates["label"] = body.label
+
+    result = await PushSubscriptionRepository.update(subscription_id, **updates)
+    return result or existing
+
+
+@router.delete("/subscriptions/{subscription_id}")
+async def unsubscribe(subscription_id: str) -> dict:
+    """Delete a push subscription (device)."""
+    deleted = await PushSubscriptionRepository.delete(subscription_id)
+    if not deleted:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Subscription not found")
+    return {"deleted": True}
+
+
+@router.post("/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/test")
+async def test_push(subscription_id: str) -> dict:
+    """Send a test notification to a subscription."""
+    sub = await PushSubscriptionRepository.get(subscription_id)
+    if not sub:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Subscription not found")
+
+    vapid_key = get_vapid_private_key()
+    if not vapid_key:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=503, detail="VAPID keys not initialized")
+
+    payload = json.dumps(
+        {
+            "title": "RemoteTerm Test",
+            "body": "Push notifications are working!",
+            "tag": "meshcore-test",
+            "url_hash": "",
+        }
+    )
+
+    try:
+        async with asyncio.timeout(15):
+            await send_push(
+                subscription_info={
+                    "endpoint": sub["endpoint"],
+                    "keys": {"p256dh": sub["p256dh"], "auth": sub["auth"]},
+                },
+                payload=payload,
+                vapid_private_key=vapid_key,
+                vapid_claims={"sub": "mailto:noreply@meshcore.local"},
+            )
+        return {"status": "sent"}
+    except TimeoutError:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=504, detail="Push delivery timed out") from None
+    except WebPushException as e:
+        status_code = getattr(getattr(e, "response", None), "status_code", 0)
+        if status_code in (403, 404, 410):
+            logger.info(
+                "Test push: subscription stale (HTTP %d), removing %s",
+                status_code,
+                subscription_id,
+            )
+            await PushSubscriptionRepository.delete(subscription_id)
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=410,
+                detail="Subscription is stale (VAPID key mismatch or expired). "
+                "Re-enable push from a conversation header.",
+            ) from None
+        logger.warning("Test push failed: %s", e)
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=f"Push delivery failed: {e}") from None
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning("Test push failed: %s", e)
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=f"Push delivery failed: {e}") from None
+
+
+# ── Global push conversation management ──────────────────────────────────
+
+
+@router.get("/conversations")
+async def get_push_conversations() -> list[str]:
+    """Return the global list of push-enabled conversation state keys."""
+    return await AppSettingsRepository.get_push_conversations()
+
+
+@router.post("/conversations/toggle")
+async def toggle_push_conversation(body: PushConversationToggle) -> list[str]:
+    """Add or remove a conversation from the global push list."""
+    return await AppSettingsRepository.toggle_push_conversation(body.key)

app/routers/settings.py

@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from app.models import CONTACT_TYPE_REPEATER, AppSettings
 from app.region_scope import normalize_region_scope
 from app.repository import AppSettingsRepository, ChannelRepository, ContactRepository
+from app.telemetry_interval import (
+    DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS,
+    TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS,
+    clamp_telemetry_interval,
+    legal_interval_options,
+    next_run_timestamp_utc,
+)
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/settings", tags=["settings"])
@@ -57,6 +64,15 @@ class AppSettingsUpdate(BaseModel):
         default=None,
         description="Auto-resend channel messages once if no echo heard within 2 seconds",
     )
+    telemetry_interval_hours: int | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description=(
+            "Preferred tracked-repeater telemetry interval in hours. "
+            f"Must be one of {list(TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS)}. "
+            "Effective interval is clamped up to the shortest legal value "
+            "based on the current tracked-repeater count."
+        ),
+    )
 
 
 class BlockKeyRequest(BaseModel):
@@ -82,6 +98,29 @@ class TrackedTelemetryRequest(BaseModel):
     public_key: str = Field(description="Public key of the repeater to toggle tracking")
 
 
+class TelemetrySchedule(BaseModel):
+    """Surface of telemetry scheduling derivations for the UI.
+
+    ``preferred_hours`` is the stored user choice. ``effective_hours`` is the
+    value the scheduler actually uses (preferred, clamped up to the shortest
+    legal interval given the current tracked-repeater count). ``options``
+    lists the subset of the menu that is legal at the current count; the UI
+    should hide anything not in this list. ``next_run_at`` is the Unix
+    timestamp (seconds, UTC) of the next scheduled cycle, or ``None`` when
+    no repeaters are tracked (nothing to schedule).
+    """
+
+    preferred_hours: int = Field(description="User's saved telemetry interval preference")
+    effective_hours: int = Field(description="Scheduler's clamped interval")
+    options: list[int] = Field(description="Legal interval choices at the current count")
+    tracked_count: int = Field(description="Number of repeaters currently tracked")
+    max_tracked: int = Field(description="Maximum number of repeaters that can be tracked")
+    next_run_at: int | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Unix timestamp (UTC seconds) of the next scheduled cycle",
+    )
+
+
 class TrackedTelemetryResponse(BaseModel):
     tracked_telemetry_repeaters: list[str] = Field(
         description="Current list of tracked repeater public keys"
@@ -89,6 +128,24 @@ class TrackedTelemetryResponse(BaseModel):
     names: dict[str, str] = Field(
         description="Map of public key to display name for tracked repeaters"
     )
+    schedule: TelemetrySchedule = Field(description="Current scheduling state")
+
+
+def _build_schedule(tracked_count: int, preferred_hours: int | None) -> TelemetrySchedule:
+    pref = (
+        preferred_hours
+        if preferred_hours in TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS
+        else DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+    )
+    effective = clamp_telemetry_interval(pref, tracked_count)
+    return TelemetrySchedule(
+        preferred_hours=pref,
+        effective_hours=effective,
+        options=legal_interval_options(tracked_count),
+        tracked_count=tracked_count,
+        max_tracked=MAX_TRACKED_TELEMETRY_REPEATERS,
+        next_run_at=next_run_timestamp_utc(effective) if tracked_count > 0 else None,
+    )
 
 
 @router.get("", response_model=AppSettings)
@@ -136,6 +193,20 @@ async def update_settings(update: AppSettingsUpdate) -> AppSettings:
     if update.auto_resend_channel is not None:
         kwargs["auto_resend_channel"] = update.auto_resend_channel
 
+    # Telemetry interval preference. Invalid values fall back to default
+    # rather than 400-ing so a stale client can't brick settings saves.
+    if update.telemetry_interval_hours is not None:
+        raw_interval = update.telemetry_interval_hours
+        if raw_interval not in TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS:
+            logger.warning(
+                "telemetry_interval_hours=%r is not in the menu; defaulting to %d",
+                raw_interval,
+                DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS,
+            )
+            raw_interval = DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+        logger.info("Updating telemetry_interval_hours to %d", raw_interval)
+        kwargs["telemetry_interval_hours"] = raw_interval
+
     # Flood scope
     flood_scope_changed = False
     if update.flood_scope is not None:
@@ -229,6 +300,7 @@ async def toggle_tracked_telemetry(request: TrackedTelemetryRequest) -> TrackedT
         return TrackedTelemetryResponse(
             tracked_telemetry_repeaters=new_list,
             names=await _resolve_names(new_list),
+            schedule=_build_schedule(len(new_list), settings.telemetry_interval_hours),
         )
 
     # Validate it's a repeater
@@ -255,4 +327,20 @@ async def toggle_tracked_telemetry(request: TrackedTelemetryRequest) -> TrackedT
     return TrackedTelemetryResponse(
         tracked_telemetry_repeaters=new_list,
         names=await _resolve_names(new_list),
+        schedule=_build_schedule(len(new_list), settings.telemetry_interval_hours),
+    )
+
+
+@router.get("/tracked-telemetry/schedule", response_model=TelemetrySchedule)
+async def get_telemetry_schedule() -> TelemetrySchedule:
+    """Return the current telemetry scheduling derivation.
+
+    The UI uses this to render the interval dropdown (legal options),
+    surface saved-vs-effective when they differ, and show the next-run-at
+    timestamp so users know when the next cycle will fire.
+    """
+    app_settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
+    return _build_schedule(
+        len(app_settings.tracked_telemetry_repeaters),
+        app_settings.telemetry_interval_hours,
     )

app/services/dm_ingest.py

@@ -252,6 +252,11 @@ async def _store_direct_message(
 
         if update_last_contacted_key:
             await contact_repository.update_last_contacted(update_last_contacted_key, received_at)
+            # Incoming DMs are direct RF evidence that this contact transmitted;
+            # outgoing DMs are our own send and must not bump the contact's
+            # last_seen.
+            if not outgoing:
+                await contact_repository.touch_last_seen(update_last_contacted_key, received_at)
 
         return message
 

app/telemetry_interval.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Shared math for the tracked-repeater telemetry scheduler.
+
+The app enforces a ceiling of 24 repeater status checks per 24 hours across
+all tracked repeaters. With N repeaters tracked, the shortest legal interval
+is ``24 // floor(24 / N)`` hours. Longer intervals (``12`` or ``24``) are
+always legal at any N and are offered as user choices on top of the derived
+shortest-legal value.
+
+The user picks an interval via settings. The scheduler uses
+``clamp_telemetry_interval`` to push that pick up to the shortest legal
+interval if the user has added repeaters that invalidated their choice.
+The stored preference is *not* mutated on clamp — users get their pick back
+if they later drop repeaters.
+"""
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+
+# Daily check budget: total number of repeater status checks we allow
+# across all tracked repeaters per 24-hour window.
+DAILY_CHECK_CEILING = 24
+
+# Menu of interval values shown to users. The derivation-based options
+# (1..8) are filtered per current repeater count via
+# ``legal_interval_options``; 12 and 24 are always legal.
+TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS: tuple[int, ...] = (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24)
+
+DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS = 8
+
+
+def shortest_legal_interval_hours(n_tracked: int) -> int:
+    """Return the shortest interval (hours) that keeps under the daily ceiling.
+
+    With ``N`` repeaters, each full cycle costs ``N`` checks. We're capped at
+    ``DAILY_CHECK_CEILING`` checks/day, so the maximum cycles/day is
+    ``floor(24 / N)`` and the resulting interval is ``24 // cycles_per_day``.
+    For ``N == 0`` we return the default so the math still terminates, though
+    the scheduler skips empty-tracked cycles regardless.
+    """
+    if n_tracked <= 0:
+        return DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+    cycles_per_day = DAILY_CHECK_CEILING // n_tracked
+    if cycles_per_day <= 0:
+        # Would exceed ceiling even at 24h cadence; fall back to 24h.
+        return 24
+    return 24 // cycles_per_day
+
+
+def clamp_telemetry_interval(preferred_hours: int, n_tracked: int) -> int:
+    """Return the effective interval: max of user preference and shortest legal.
+
+    Unrecognized values fall back to the default.
+    """
+    if preferred_hours not in TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS:
+        preferred_hours = DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+    shortest = shortest_legal_interval_hours(n_tracked)
+    return max(preferred_hours, shortest)
+
+
+def legal_interval_options(n_tracked: int) -> list[int]:
+    """Return the subset of the interval menu that is legal for a given N."""
+    shortest = shortest_legal_interval_hours(n_tracked)
+    return [h for h in TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS if h >= shortest]
+
+
+def next_run_timestamp_utc(effective_hours: int, now: datetime | None = None) -> int:
+    """Return Unix timestamp for the next UTC top-of-hour where
+    ``hour % effective_hours == 0``.
+
+    Returns the next matching hour strictly in the future (never ``now``
+    itself, even if ``now`` lies exactly on a matching boundary).
+    """
+    if effective_hours <= 0:
+        effective_hours = DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+    if now is None:
+        now = datetime.now(UTC)
+    else:
+        now = now.astimezone(UTC)
+
+    # Round up to the next top-of-hour, then skip forward until the modulo matches.
+    candidate = now.replace(minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
+    # Always move at least one hour forward so "now" never matches.
+    candidate = candidate.replace(hour=candidate.hour)
+    from datetime import timedelta
+
+    candidate = candidate + timedelta(hours=1)
+    while candidate.hour % effective_hours != 0:
+        candidate = candidate + timedelta(hours=1)
+    return int(candidate.timestamp())

app/websocket.py

@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ def broadcast_event(event_type: str, data: dict, *, realtime: bool = True) -> No
 
         if event_type == "message":
             asyncio.create_task(fanout_manager.broadcast_message(data))
+
+            from app.push.manager import push_manager
+
+            asyncio.create_task(push_manager.dispatch_message(data))
         elif event_type == "raw_packet":
             asyncio.create_task(fanout_manager.broadcast_raw(data))
         elif event_type == "contact":

frontend/AGENTS.md

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ frontend/src/
 │   ├── useConversationRouter.ts    # URL hash → active conversation routing
 │   ├── useContactsAndChannels.ts   # Contact/channel loading, creation, deletion
 │   ├── useBrowserNotifications.ts  # Per-conversation browser notification preferences + dispatch
+│   ├── usePushSubscription.ts      # Web Push subscription lifecycle, per-conversation filters
 │   ├── useFaviconBadge.ts          # Browser tab unread badge state
 │   ├── useRawPacketStatsSession.ts # Session-scoped packet-feed stats history
 │   └── useRememberedServerPassword.ts # Browser-local repeater/room password persistence
@@ -429,6 +430,17 @@ The `SearchView` component (`components/SearchView.tsx`) provides full-text sear
 - **Bidirectional pagination**: After jumping mid-history, `hasNewerMessages` enables forward pagination via `fetchNewerMessages`. The scroll-to-bottom button calls `jumpToBottom` (re-fetches latest page) instead of just scrolling.
 - **WS message suppression**: When `hasNewerMessages` is true, incoming WS messages for the active conversation are not added to the message list (the user is viewing historical context, not the latest page).
 
+## Web Push Notifications
+
+Web Push allows notifications even when the browser tab is closed. Requires HTTPS (self-signed OK).
+
+- **Service worker**: `frontend/public/sw.js` handles `push` events (show notification) and `notificationclick` (focus/open tab, navigate via `url_hash`). Registered in `main.tsx` on secure contexts only.
+- **`usePushSubscription` hook**: manages the full subscription lifecycle — subscribe (register SW → `PushManager.subscribe()` → POST to backend), unsubscribe, global push-conversation toggles, device listing, and deletion.
+- **ChatHeader integration**: `BellRing` icon (amber when active) appears next to the existing desktop notification `Bell` on secure contexts. First click subscribes the browser and enables push for that conversation; subsequent clicks toggle the conversation on/off.
+- **Settings > Local**: `PushDeviceManagement` component shows subscription status, lists all registered devices with test/delete buttons. Uses `usePushSubscription` hook directly.
+- Auto-generates device labels from User-Agent (e.g., "Chrome on macOS").
+- `PushSubscriptionInfo` type in `types.ts`; API methods in `api.ts`.
+
 ## Styling
 
 UI styling is mostly utility-class driven (Tailwind-style classes in JSX) plus shared globals in `index.css` and `styles.css`.

frontend/index.html

@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@
     <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="./apple-touch-icon.png" />
     <link rel="manifest" href="./site.webmanifest" crossorigin="use-credentials" />
     <script>
-      // Register minimal service worker for PWA installability.
+      // Service worker registration moved to main.tsx (requires isSecureContext
-      if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
+      // for Web Push). Do not duplicate here.
-        navigator.serviceWorker.register('./sw.js').catch(function() {});
-      }
 
       // Start critical data fetches before React/Vite JS loads.
       // Must be in <head> BEFORE the module script so the browser queues these

frontend/package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "remoteterm-meshcore-frontend",
-  "version": "3.11.0",
+  "version": "3.11.3",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "remoteterm-meshcore-frontend",
-      "version": "3.11.0",
+      "version": "3.11.3",
       "dependencies": {
         "@codemirror/lang-python": "^6.2.1",
         "@codemirror/theme-one-dark": "^6.1.3",

frontend/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "remoteterm-meshcore-frontend",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "3.11.2",
+  "version": "3.11.3",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite",

frontend/public/sw.js

@@ -1,12 +1,60 @@
-// Minimal service worker required for PWA installability.
+/* Service worker for PWA installability and Web Push notifications. */
-// No caching — this app is network-dependent. All fetches pass through.
 
-self.addEventListener("install", function () {
+self.addEventListener("install", () => {
   self.skipWaiting();
 });
 
-self.addEventListener("activate", function (event) {
+self.addEventListener("activate", (event) => {
   event.waitUntil(self.clients.claim());
 });
 
-self.addEventListener("fetch", function () {});
+// No-op fetch handler — required for PWA installability criteria.
+// We don't cache anything; the app always fetches from the network.
+self.addEventListener("fetch", () => {});
+
+self.addEventListener("push", (event) => {
+  let data = {};
+  try {
+    data = event.data ? event.data.json() : {};
+  } catch {
+    data = { title: "New message", body: event.data?.text() || "" };
+  }
+
+  const title = data.title || "New message";
+  const options = {
+    body: data.body || "",
+    icon: "./favicon-256x256.png",
+    badge: "./favicon-96x96.png",
+    tag: data.tag || "meshcore-push",
+    data: { url_hash: data.url_hash || "" },
+  };
+
+  event.waitUntil(self.registration.showNotification(title, options));
+});
+
+self.addEventListener("notificationclick", (event) => {
+  event.notification.close();
+  const urlHash = event.notification.data?.url_hash || "";
+  // Use the SW registration scope as the base URL so subpath deployments
+  // (e.g. archworks.co/meshcore/) navigate correctly.
+  const base = self.registration.scope;
+
+  event.waitUntil(
+    clients
+      .matchAll({ type: "window", includeUncontrolled: true })
+      .then((windowClients) => {
+        // Focus an existing tab if one is open
+        for (const client of windowClients) {
+          if (client.url.startsWith(base)) {
+            client.focus();
+            if (urlHash) {
+              client.navigate(base + urlHash);
+            }
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+        // Otherwise open a new tab
+        return clients.openWindow(base + (urlHash || ""));
+      })
+  );
+});

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { toast } from './components/ui/sonner';
 import { AppShell } from './components/AppShell';
 import type { MessageInputHandle } from './components/MessageInput';
 import { DistanceUnitProvider } from './contexts/DistanceUnitContext';
+import { usePush } from './contexts/PushSubscriptionContext';
 import { messageContainsMention } from './utils/messageParser';
 import { getStateKey } from './utils/conversationState';
 import type { BulkCreateHashtagChannelsResult, Conversation, Message, RawPacket } from './types';
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ export function App() {
     toggleConversationNotifications,
     notifyIncomingMessage,
   } = useBrowserNotifications();
+  const pushSubscription = usePush();
   const { rawPacketStatsSession, recordRawPacketObservation } = useRawPacketStatsSession();
   const {
     showNewMessage,
@@ -588,6 +590,7 @@ export function App() {
     onDeleteChannel: handleDeleteChannel,
     onSetChannelFloodScopeOverride: handleSetChannelFloodScopeOverride,
     onSetChannelPathHashModeOverride: handleSetChannelPathHashModeOverride,
+    onSelectConversation: handleSelectConversationWithTargetReset,
     onOpenContactInfo: handleOpenContactInfo,
     onOpenChannelInfo: handleOpenChannelInfo,
     onSenderClick: handleSenderClick,
@@ -614,6 +617,36 @@ export function App() {
         );
       }
     },
+    pushSupported: pushSubscription.isSupported,
+    pushSubscribed: pushSubscription.isSubscribed,
+    pushEnabledForConversation:
+      activeConversation?.type === 'contact' || activeConversation?.type === 'channel'
+        ? pushSubscription.isConversationPushEnabled(
+            getStateKey(activeConversation.type, activeConversation.id)
+          )
+        : false,
+    onTogglePush: async () => {
+      if (
+        !activeConversation ||
+        (activeConversation.type !== 'contact' && activeConversation.type !== 'channel')
+      )
+        return;
+      const key = getStateKey(activeConversation.type, activeConversation.id);
+      const pushEnabled = pushSubscription.isConversationPushEnabled(key);
+
+      if (!pushEnabled && !pushSubscription.isSubscribed) {
+        const subscriptionId = await pushSubscription.subscribe();
+        if (!subscriptionId) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      await pushSubscription.toggleConversation(key);
+    },
+    onOpenPushSettings: () => {
+      setSettingsSection('local');
+      if (!showSettings) handleToggleSettingsView();
+    },
     trackedTelemetryRepeaters: appSettings?.tracked_telemetry_repeaters ?? [],
     onToggleTrackedTelemetry: handleToggleTrackedTelemetry,
     repeaterAutoLoginKey,
@@ -647,6 +680,7 @@ export function App() {
     onToggleBlockedKey: handleBlockKey,
     onToggleBlockedName: handleBlockName,
     contacts,
+    channels,
     onBulkDeleteContacts: (deletedKeys: string[]) => {
       const keySet = new Set(deletedKeys.map((k) => k.toLowerCase()));
       setContacts((prev) => prev.filter((c) => !keySet.has(c.public_key.toLowerCase())));

frontend/src/api.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import type {
   RadioTraceResponse,
   RadioDiscoveryTarget,
   PathDiscoveryResponse,
+  PushSubscriptionInfo,
   ResendChannelMessageResponse,
   RepeaterAclResponse,
   RepeaterAdvertIntervalsResponse,
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ import type {
   RepeaterRadioSettingsResponse,
   RepeaterStatusResponse,
   TelemetryHistoryEntry,
+  TelemetrySchedule,
   TrackedTelemetryResponse,
   StatisticsResponse,
   TraceResponse,
@@ -332,6 +334,8 @@ export const api = {
       body: JSON.stringify({ public_key: publicKey }),
     }),
 
+  getTelemetrySchedule: () => fetchJson<TelemetrySchedule>('/settings/tracked-telemetry/schedule'),
+
   // Favorites
   toggleFavorite: (type: 'channel' | 'contact', id: string) =>
     fetchJson<{ type: string; id: string; favorite: boolean }>('/settings/favorites/toggle', {
@@ -438,4 +442,28 @@ export const api = {
     fetchJson<RepeaterLppTelemetryResponse>(`/contacts/${publicKey}/room/lpp-telemetry`, {
       method: 'POST',
     }),
+
+  // Push Notifications
+  getVapidPublicKey: () => fetchJson<{ public_key: string }>('/push/vapid-public-key'),
+  pushSubscribe: (subscription: {
+    endpoint: string;
+    p256dh: string;
+    auth: string;
+    label?: string;
+  }) =>
+    fetchJson<PushSubscriptionInfo>('/push/subscribe', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: JSON.stringify(subscription),
+    }),
+  getPushSubscriptions: () => fetchJson<PushSubscriptionInfo[]>('/push/subscriptions'),
+  deletePushSubscription: (id: string) =>
+    fetchJson<{ deleted: boolean }>(`/push/subscriptions/${id}`, { method: 'DELETE' }),
+  testPushSubscription: (id: string) =>
+    fetchJson<{ status: string }>(`/push/subscriptions/${id}/test`, { method: 'POST' }),
+  getPushConversations: () => fetchJson<string[]>('/push/conversations'),
+  togglePushConversation: (key: string) =>
+    fetchJson<string[]>('/push/conversations/toggle', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: JSON.stringify({ key }),
+    }),
 };

frontend/src/components/ChatHeader.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { Bell, ChevronsLeftRight, Globe2, Info, Route, Star, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { toast } from './ui/sonner';
 import { DirectTraceIcon } from './DirectTraceIcon';
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ interface ChatHeaderProps {
   onTrace: () => void;
   onPathDiscovery: (publicKey: string) => Promise<PathDiscoveryResponse>;
   onToggleNotifications: () => void;
+  pushSupported?: boolean;
+  pushSubscribed?: boolean;
+  pushEnabledForConversation?: boolean;
+  onTogglePush?: () => void;
+  onOpenPushSettings?: () => void;
   onToggleFavorite: (type: 'channel' | 'contact', id: string) => void;
   onSetChannelFloodScopeOverride?: (key: string, floodScopeOverride: string) => void;
   onSetChannelPathHashModeOverride?: (key: string, pathHashModeOverride: number | null) => void;
@@ -46,6 +51,11 @@ export function ChatHeader({
   onTrace,
   onPathDiscovery,
   onToggleNotifications,
+  pushSupported,
+  pushSubscribed,
+  pushEnabledForConversation,
+  onTogglePush,
+  onOpenPushSettings,
   onToggleFavorite,
   onSetChannelFloodScopeOverride,
   onSetChannelPathHashModeOverride,
@@ -58,14 +68,29 @@ export function ChatHeader({
   const [pathDiscoveryOpen, setPathDiscoveryOpen] = useState(false);
   const [channelOverrideOpen, setChannelOverrideOpen] = useState(false);
   const [pathHashModeOverrideOpen, setPathHashModeOverrideOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [notifDropdownOpen, setNotifDropdownOpen] = useState(false);
+  const notifDropdownRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     setShowKey(false);
     setPathDiscoveryOpen(false);
     setChannelOverrideOpen(false);
     setPathHashModeOverrideOpen(false);
+    setNotifDropdownOpen(false);
   }, [conversation.id]);
 
+  // Close notification dropdown on outside click
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!notifDropdownOpen) return;
+    const handler = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      if (notifDropdownRef.current && !notifDropdownRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        setNotifDropdownOpen(false);
+      }
+    };
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', handler);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener('mousedown', handler);
+  }, [notifDropdownOpen]);
+
   const activeChannel =
     conversation.type === 'channel'
       ? channels.find((channel) => channel.key === conversation.id)
@@ -288,34 +313,94 @@ export function ChatHeader({
             <DirectTraceIcon className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
           </button>
         )}
-        {notificationsSupported && !activeContactIsRoomServer && (
+        {(notificationsSupported || pushSupported) && !activeContactIsRoomServer && (
-          <button
+          <div className="relative" ref={notifDropdownRef}>
-            className="flex items-center gap-1 rounded px-1 py-1 hover:bg-accent text-lg leading-none transition-colors focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring"
+            <button
-            onClick={onToggleNotifications}
+              className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-accent text-lg leading-none transition-colors focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring"
-            title={
+              onClick={() => setNotifDropdownOpen((v) => !v)}
-              notificationsEnabled
+              title="Notification settings"
-                ? 'Disable desktop notifications for this conversation'
+              aria-label="Notification settings"
-                : notificationsPermission === 'denied'
+              aria-expanded={notifDropdownOpen}
-                  ? 'Notifications blocked by the browser'
+            >
-                  : 'Enable desktop notifications for this conversation'
+              <Bell
-            }
+                className={cn(
-            aria-label={
+                  'h-4 w-4',
-              notificationsEnabled
+                  notificationsEnabled || pushEnabledForConversation
-                ? 'Disable notifications for this conversation'
+                    ? 'text-primary'
-                : 'Enable notifications for this conversation'
+                    : 'text-muted-foreground'
-            }
+                )}
-          >
+                fill={notificationsEnabled || pushEnabledForConversation ? 'currentColor' : 'none'}
-            <Bell
+                aria-hidden="true"
-              className={`h-4 w-4 ${notificationsEnabled ? 'text-status-connected' : 'text-muted-foreground'}`}
+              />
-              fill={notificationsEnabled ? 'currentColor' : 'none'}
+            </button>
-              aria-hidden="true"
+            {notifDropdownOpen && (
-            />
+              <div className="absolute right-[-4.5rem] sm:right-0 top-full z-50 mt-1 w-[calc(100vw-2rem)] sm:w-72 max-w-72 rounded-md border border-border bg-popover p-3 shadow-lg space-y-3">
-            {notificationsEnabled && (
+                {notificationsSupported && (
-              <span className="hidden md:inline text-[0.6875rem] font-medium text-status-connected">
+                  <label className="flex items-start gap-2.5 cursor-pointer group">
-                Notifications On
+                    <input
-              </span>
+                      type="checkbox"
+                      className="mt-0.5 accent-primary h-4 w-4 shrink-0"
+                      checked={notificationsEnabled}
+                      disabled={notificationsPermission === 'denied'}
+                      onChange={onToggleNotifications}
+                    />
+                    <div className="min-w-0">
+                      <span className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground block leading-tight">
+                        Desktop notifications (legacy)
+                      </span>
+                      <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug block mt-0.5">
+                        {notificationsPermission === 'denied'
+                          ? 'Blocked by browser — check site permissions'
+                          : 'Alerts while this tab is open'}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                  </label>
+                )}
+                {pushSupported && onTogglePush && (
+                  <>
+                    <label className="flex items-start gap-2.5 cursor-pointer group">
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        className="mt-0.5 accent-primary h-4 w-4 shrink-0"
+                        checked={!!pushEnabledForConversation}
+                        onChange={onTogglePush}
+                      />
+                      <div className="min-w-0">
+                        <span className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground block leading-tight">
+                          Web Push (beta testing)
+                        </span>
+                        <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug block mt-0.5">
+                          {pushSubscribed
+                            ? 'Alerts even when the browser is closed'
+                            : 'Alerts even when the browser is closed. Requires HTTPS.'}
+                        </span>
+                      </div>
+                    </label>
+                    <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug block mt-0.5">
+                      All notification types require a trusted HTTPS context. Depending on your
+                      browser, a snakeoil certificate may not be sufficient.
+                    </span>
+                    {onOpenPushSettings && (
+                      <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug mt-1.5">
+                        Manage Web Push enabled devices in{' '}
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          onClick={() => {
+                            setNotifDropdownOpen(false);
+                            onOpenPushSettings();
+                          }}
+                          className="text-primary hover:underline transition-colors focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-ring"
+                        >
+                          Settings &rarr; Local
+                        </button>
+                        .
+                      </p>
+                    )}
+                  </>
+                )}
+              </div>
             )}
-          </button>
+          </div>
         )}
         {conversation.type === 'channel' && onSetChannelFloodScopeOverride && (
           <button

frontend/src/components/ContactPathDiscoveryModal.tsx

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import type { Contact, PathDiscoveryResponse, PathDiscoveryRoute } from '../types';
 import {
   findContactsByPrefix,
+  formatForcedRouteSummary,
+  formatLearnedRouteSummary,
   formatRouteLabel,
-  getDirectContactRoute,
-  getEffectiveContactRoute,
-  hasRoutingOverride,
   parsePathHops,
 } from '../utils/pathUtils';
 import { Button } from './ui/button';
@@ -99,30 +98,9 @@ export function ContactPathDiscoveryModal({
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [result, setResult] = useState<PathDiscoveryResponse | null>(null);
 
-  const effectiveRoute = useMemo(() => getEffectiveContactRoute(contact), [contact]);
+  const learnedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => formatLearnedRouteSummary(contact), [contact]);
-  const directRoute = useMemo(() => getDirectContactRoute(contact), [contact]);
+  const forcedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => formatForcedRouteSummary(contact), [contact]);
-  const hasForcedRoute = hasRoutingOverride(contact);
+  const hasForcedRoute = forcedRouteSummary !== null;
-  const learnedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!directRoute) {
-      return 'Flood';
-    }
-    const hops = parsePathHops(directRoute.path, directRoute.path_len);
-    return hops.length > 0
-      ? `${formatRouteLabel(directRoute.path_len, true)} (${hops.join(' -> ')})`
-      : formatRouteLabel(directRoute.path_len, true);
-  }, [directRoute]);
-  const forcedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!hasForcedRoute) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (effectiveRoute.pathLen === -1) {
-      return 'Flood';
-    }
-    const hops = parsePathHops(effectiveRoute.path, effectiveRoute.pathLen);
-    return hops.length > 0
-      ? `${formatRouteLabel(effectiveRoute.pathLen, true)} (${hops.join(' -> ')})`
-      : formatRouteLabel(effectiveRoute.pathLen, true);
-  }, [effectiveRoute, hasForcedRoute]);
 
   const forwardChain = result
     ? renderRouteNodes(

frontend/src/components/ContactRoutingOverrideModal.tsx

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { api } from '../api';
 import type { Contact } from '../types';
 import {
-  formatRouteLabel,
+  formatForcedRouteSummary,
+  formatLearnedRouteSummary,
   formatRoutingOverrideInput,
-  getDirectContactRoute,
-  hasRoutingOverride,
 } from '../utils/pathUtils';
 import { Button } from './ui/button';
 import {
@@ -28,18 +27,6 @@ interface ContactRoutingOverrideModalProps {
   onError: (message: string) => void;
 }
 
-function summarizeLearnedRoute(contact: Contact): string {
-  return formatRouteLabel(getDirectContactRoute(contact)?.path_len ?? -1, true);
-}
-
-function summarizeForcedRoute(contact: Contact): string | null {
-  if (!hasRoutingOverride(contact)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const routeOverrideLen = contact.route_override_len;
-  return routeOverrideLen == null ? null : formatRouteLabel(routeOverrideLen, true);
-}
-
 export function ContactRoutingOverrideModal({
   open,
   onClose,
@@ -59,7 +46,8 @@ export function ContactRoutingOverrideModal({
     setError(null);
   }, [contact, open]);
 
-  const forcedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => summarizeForcedRoute(contact), [contact]);
+  const learnedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => formatLearnedRouteSummary(contact), [contact]);
+  const forcedRouteSummary = useMemo(() => formatForcedRouteSummary(contact), [contact]);
 
   const saveRoute = async (value: string) => {
     setSaving(true);
@@ -98,7 +86,7 @@ export function ContactRoutingOverrideModal({
           <div className="rounded-md border border-border bg-muted/20 p-3 text-sm">
             <div className="font-medium">{contact.name || contact.public_key.slice(0, 12)}</div>
             <div className="mt-1 text-muted-foreground">
-              Current learned route: {summarizeLearnedRoute(contact)}
+              Current learned route: {learnedRouteSummary}
             </div>
             {forcedRouteSummary && (
               <div className="mt-1 text-destructive">

frontend/src/components/ConversationPane.tsx

@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ import type {
 } from '../types';
 import type { RawPacketStatsSessionState } from '../utils/rawPacketStats';
 import { CONTACT_TYPE_REPEATER, CONTACT_TYPE_ROOM } from '../types';
-import { isPrefixOnlyContact, isUnknownFullKeyContact } from '../utils/pubkey';
+import {
+  getContactDisplayName,
+  isPrefixOnlyContact,
+  isUnknownFullKeyContact,
+} from '../utils/pubkey';
 
 const RepeaterDashboard = lazy(() =>
   import('./RepeaterDashboard').then((m) => ({ default: m.RepeaterDashboard }))
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ interface ConversationPaneProps {
     channelKey: string,
     pathHashModeOverride: number | null
   ) => Promise<void>;
+  onSelectConversation: (conversation: Conversation) => void;
   onOpenContactInfo: (publicKey: string, fromChannel?: boolean) => void;
   onOpenChannelInfo: (channelKey: string) => void;
   onSenderClick: (sender: string) => void;
@@ -77,6 +82,11 @@ interface ConversationPaneProps {
   onDismissUnreadMarker: () => void;
   onSendMessage: (text: string) => Promise<void>;
   onToggleNotifications: () => void;
+  pushSupported?: boolean;
+  pushSubscribed?: boolean;
+  pushEnabledForConversation?: boolean;
+  onTogglePush?: () => void;
+  onOpenPushSettings?: () => void;
   trackedTelemetryRepeaters: string[];
   onToggleTrackedTelemetry: (publicKey: string) => Promise<void>;
   repeaterAutoLoginKey: string | null;
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@ export function ConversationPane({
   onDeleteChannel,
   onSetChannelFloodScopeOverride,
   onSetChannelPathHashModeOverride,
+  onSelectConversation,
   onOpenContactInfo,
   onOpenChannelInfo,
   onSenderClick,
@@ -149,6 +160,11 @@ export function ConversationPane({
   onDismissUnreadMarker,
   onSendMessage,
   onToggleNotifications,
+  pushSupported,
+  pushSubscribed,
+  pushEnabledForConversation,
+  onTogglePush,
+  onOpenPushSettings,
   trackedTelemetryRepeaters,
   onToggleTrackedTelemetry,
   repeaterAutoLoginKey,
@@ -197,6 +213,17 @@ export function ConversationPane({
               focusedKey={activeConversation.mapFocusKey}
               rawPackets={rawPackets}
               config={config}
+              onSelectContact={(contact) =>
+                onSelectConversation({
+                  type: 'contact',
+                  id: contact.public_key,
+                  name: getContactDisplayName(
+                    contact.name,
+                    contact.public_key,
+                    contact.last_advert
+                  ),
+                })
+              }
             />
           </Suspense>
         </div>
@@ -271,6 +298,11 @@ export function ConversationPane({
         notificationsSupported={notificationsSupported}
         notificationsEnabled={notificationsEnabled}
         notificationsPermission={notificationsPermission}
+        pushSupported={pushSupported}
+        pushSubscribed={pushSubscribed}
+        pushEnabledForConversation={pushEnabledForConversation}
+        onTogglePush={onTogglePush}
+        onOpenPushSettings={onOpenPushSettings}
         onTrace={onTrace}
         onPathDiscovery={onPathDiscovery}
         onToggleNotifications={onToggleNotifications}

frontend/src/components/MapView.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 import { Fragment, useEffect, useState, useMemo, useRef, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { MapContainer, TileLayer, CircleMarker, Popup, useMap, Polyline } from 'react-leaflet';
+import {
+  MapContainer,
+  TileLayer,
+  CircleMarker,
+  Popup,
+  useMap,
+  useMapEvents,
+  Polyline,
+  LayersControl,
+} from 'react-leaflet';
 import type { LatLngBoundsExpression, CircleMarker as LeafletCircleMarker } from 'leaflet';
 import L from 'leaflet';
 import 'leaflet/dist/leaflet.css';
@@ -21,29 +30,132 @@ interface MapViewProps {
   focusedKey?: string | null;
   rawPackets?: RawPacket[];
   config?: RadioConfig | null;
+  /** When provided, the contact name in each popup becomes a clickable link
+   *  that opens the conversation for that contact (DM, repeater, or room). */
+  onSelectContact?: (contact: Contact) => void;
 }
 
 // --- Tile layer presets ---
-const TILE_LIGHT = {
+// Every provider here is free and works without an API key. Attribution strings
-  url: 'https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png',
+// follow each provider's requirements; do not remove them. If you add a new
-  attribution: '&copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a>',
+// provider, verify its terms of service (especially for Esri / Google-style
-  background: '#1a1a2e',
+// satellite tiles) before committing.
-};
+interface TileLayerPreset {
-const TILE_DARK = {
+  id: string;
-  url: 'https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/dark_all/{z}/{x}/{y}{r}.png',
+  label: string;
-  attribution:
+  url: string;
-    '&copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a> &copy; <a href="https://carto.com/">CARTO</a>',
+  attribution: string;
-  background: '#0d0d0d',
+  background: string;
-};
+  /** Highest zoom the provider publishes tiles at. When the layer is active,
+   *  the map's zoom ceiling is tightened to this value via
+   *  `MaxZoomByActiveLayer` so the user cannot zoom into a grey void. */
+  maxZoom?: number;
+}
 
-function getSavedDarkMap(): boolean {
+// Global zoom bounds for the MapContainer itself. These are pinned to the
+// container so Leaflet's internal tile-range math never has to guess when
+// layers swap in/out via LayersControl. Without this, an initial-mount race
+// between MapContainer layout and LayersControl.BaseLayer addition has been
+// observed to throw "Attempted to load an infinite number of tiles".
+const MAP_MIN_ZOOM = 2;
+const MAP_MAX_ZOOM = 19;
+
+const TILE_LAYERS: readonly TileLayerPreset[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'light',
+    label: 'Light (OpenStreetMap)',
+    url: 'https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png',
+    attribution: '&copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a>',
+    background: '#1a1a2e',
+    maxZoom: 19,
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'dark',
+    label: 'Dark (CARTO)',
+    url: 'https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/dark_all/{z}/{x}/{y}{r}.png',
+    attribution:
+      '&copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a> &copy; <a href="https://carto.com/">CARTO</a>',
+    background: '#0d0d0d',
+    maxZoom: 19,
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'topographic',
+    label: 'Topographic (OpenTopoMap)',
+    url: 'https://{s}.tile.opentopomap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png',
+    attribution:
+      'Map data: &copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a> contributors, <a href="http://viewfinderpanoramas.org">SRTM</a> | Map style: &copy; <a href="https://opentopomap.org">OpenTopoMap</a> (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC-BY-SA</a>)',
+    background: '#a3b3bc',
+    maxZoom: 17,
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'satellite',
+    label: 'Satellite (Esri)',
+    url: 'https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
+    attribution:
+      'Tiles &copy; <a href="https://www.esri.com/">Esri</a> &mdash; Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User Community',
+    background: '#1a1f2e',
+    // Esri's tile service advertises LODs up to 23 and returns HTTP 200 for
+    // every tile request, but the underlying imagery is only high-resolution
+    // up to ~18 in most developed areas and shallower in rural regions. We
+    // cap at 18 rather than 19 so users don't zoom into visibly-empty or
+    // severely-upscaled tiles. Remote regions may still be sparse at 18.
+    maxZoom: 18,
+  },
+] as const;
+
+const MAP_LAYER_STORAGE_KEY = 'remoteterm-map-layer';
+const LEGACY_DARK_MAP_STORAGE_KEY = 'remoteterm-dark-map';
+
+function getSavedLayerId(): string {
   try {
-    return localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-dark-map') === 'true';
+    const stored = localStorage.getItem(MAP_LAYER_STORAGE_KEY);
+    if (stored && TILE_LAYERS.some((l) => l.id === stored)) return stored;
+    // Legacy migration: boolean dark-map flag predates multi-layer support.
+    const legacyDark = localStorage.getItem(LEGACY_DARK_MAP_STORAGE_KEY) === 'true';
+    return legacyDark ? 'dark' : 'light';
   } catch {
-    return false;
+    return 'light';
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Leaflet-internal companion component: listens for base-layer changes driven
+ * by Leaflet's own LayersControl UI and pipes the selection back to React.
+ * Kept separate so the persistence/state logic stays out of the render tree.
+ */
+function LayerChangeWatcher({ onChange }: { onChange: (name: string) => void }) {
+  useMapEvents({
+    baselayerchange: (event) => {
+      if (event.name) onChange(event.name);
+    },
+  });
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enforces the active layer's zoom ceiling on the underlying Leaflet map.
+ *
+ * Leaflet's `map.getMaxZoom()` prefers `options.maxZoom` (set on MapContainer)
+ * over per-layer `maxZoom`, so a per-TileLayer cap is silently ignored unless
+ * we push it down to the map itself. We do that here whenever the active
+ * layer changes, and clamp the current zoom if the user happened to be zoomed
+ * past the new cap at the moment of the switch.
+ *
+ * The MapContainer's fixed `minZoom`/`maxZoom` remain the absolute hull that
+ * prevents the "Attempted to load an infinite number of tiles" race during
+ * initial mount (see `MAP_MIN_ZOOM`/`MAP_MAX_ZOOM` below).
+ */
+function MaxZoomByActiveLayer({ maxZoom }: { maxZoom: number }) {
+  const map = useMap();
+  useEffect(() => {
+    map.setMaxZoom(maxZoom);
+    if (map.getZoom() > maxZoom) {
+      map.setZoom(maxZoom);
+    }
+  }, [map, maxZoom]);
+  return null;
+}
+
 const MAP_RECENCY_COLORS = {
   recent: '#06b6d4',
   today: '#2563eb',
@@ -379,20 +491,43 @@ function ParticleOverlay({ particles }: { particles: MapParticle[] }) {
 
 // --- Main component ---
 
-export function MapView({ contacts, focusedKey, rawPackets, config }: MapViewProps) {
+export function MapView({
+  contacts,
+  focusedKey,
+  rawPackets,
+  config,
+  onSelectContact,
+}: MapViewProps) {
   const [sevenDaysAgo] = useState(() => Date.now() / 1000 - 7 * 24 * 60 * 60);
-  const [darkMap, setDarkMap] = useState(getSavedDarkMap);
+  const [selectedLayerId, setSelectedLayerId] = useState<string>(getSavedLayerId);
-  const tile = darkMap ? TILE_DARK : TILE_LIGHT;
+  const activeLayer = TILE_LAYERS.find((l) => l.id === selectedLayerId) ?? TILE_LAYERS[0];
 
-  // Sync with settings changes from other components
+  // Sync layer selection across tabs and windows.
   useEffect(() => {
     const onStorage = (e: StorageEvent) => {
-      if (e.key === 'remoteterm-dark-map') setDarkMap(e.newValue === 'true');
+      if (e.key !== MAP_LAYER_STORAGE_KEY) return;
+      const next = e.newValue ?? '';
+      if (TILE_LAYERS.some((l) => l.id === next)) {
+        setSelectedLayerId(next);
+      }
     };
     window.addEventListener('storage', onStorage);
     return () => window.removeEventListener('storage', onStorage);
   }, []);
 
+  const handleLayerChange = useCallback((layerName: string) => {
+    const match = TILE_LAYERS.find((l) => l.label === layerName);
+    if (!match) return;
+    setSelectedLayerId(match.id);
+    try {
+      localStorage.setItem(MAP_LAYER_STORAGE_KEY, match.id);
+      // Clear the legacy key so a future downgrade-rollback doesn't revert us.
+      localStorage.removeItem(LEGACY_DARK_MAP_STORAGE_KEY);
+    } catch {
+      // localStorage may be disabled; selection stays in memory only.
+    }
+  }, []);
+
   const [showPackets, setShowPackets] = useState(false);
   const [discoveryMode, setDiscoveryMode] = useState(false);
   const [discoveredKeys, setDiscoveredKeys] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
@@ -674,10 +809,12 @@ export function MapView({ contacts, focusedKey, rawPackets, config }: MapViewPro
 
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col h-full">
-      {/* Info bar */}
+      {/* Info bar: stacks vertically on narrow viewports (info label, legend
-      <div className="px-4 py-2 bg-muted/50 text-xs text-muted-foreground flex items-center justify-between">
+          row, controls row) so nothing truncates; flattens to a single row
+          with right-aligned cluster at md and up. */}
+      <div className="px-4 py-2 bg-muted/50 text-xs text-muted-foreground flex flex-col gap-1 md:flex-row md:items-center md:justify-between md:gap-3">
         <span>{infoLabel}</span>
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1 md:justify-end">
           {!showPackets && (
             <>
               <span className="flex items-center gap-1">
@@ -758,7 +895,7 @@ export function MapView({ contacts, focusedKey, rawPackets, config }: MapViewPro
             />{' '}
             repeater
           </span>
-          <label className="flex items-center gap-1.5 cursor-pointer ml-2">
+          <label className="flex items-center gap-1.5 cursor-pointer">
             <input
               type="checkbox"
               checked={showPackets}
@@ -791,10 +928,28 @@ export function MapView({ contacts, focusedKey, rawPackets, config }: MapViewPro
         <MapContainer
           center={[20, 0]}
           zoom={2}
+          minZoom={MAP_MIN_ZOOM}
+          maxZoom={MAP_MAX_ZOOM}
           className="h-full w-full"
-          style={{ background: tile.background }}
+          style={{ background: activeLayer.background }}
         >
-          <TileLayer key={tile.url} attribution={tile.attribution} url={tile.url} />
+          <LayersControl position="topright" collapsed={false}>
+            {TILE_LAYERS.map((layer) => (
+              <LayersControl.BaseLayer
+                key={layer.id}
+                name={layer.label}
+                checked={layer.id === selectedLayerId}
+              >
+                <TileLayer
+                  url={layer.url}
+                  attribution={layer.attribution}
+                  maxZoom={layer.maxZoom}
+                />
+              </LayersControl.BaseLayer>
+            ))}
+          </LayersControl>
+          <LayerChangeWatcher onChange={handleLayerChange} />
+          <MaxZoomByActiveLayer maxZoom={activeLayer.maxZoom ?? MAP_MAX_ZOOM} />
           <MapBoundsHandler contacts={mappableContacts} focusedContact={focusedContact} />
 
           {/* Faint route lines for active packet paths */}
@@ -839,7 +994,21 @@ export function MapView({ contacts, focusedKey, rawPackets, config }: MapViewPro
                             🛜
                           </span>
                         )}
-                        {displayName}
+                        {onSelectContact ? (
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            className="p-0 bg-transparent border-0 font-inherit text-primary underline hover:text-primary/80 cursor-pointer"
+                            onClick={(event) => {
+                              event.stopPropagation();
+                              onSelectContact(contact);
+                            }}
+                            title={`Open conversation with ${displayName}`}
+                          >
+                            {displayName}
+                          </button>
+                        ) : (
+                          displayName
+                        )}
                       </div>
                       <div className="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">Last heard: {lastHeardLabel}</div>
                       <div className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-1 font-mono">

frontend/src/components/MessageList.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
   type ReactNode,
 } from 'react';
 import type { Channel, Contact, Message, MessagePath, RadioConfig, RawPacket } from '../types';
-import { CONTACT_TYPE_REPEATER, CONTACT_TYPE_ROOM } from '../types';
+import { CONTACT_TYPE_ROOM } from '../types';
 import { api } from '../api';
 import {
   findLinkedChannelReferences,
@@ -808,12 +808,13 @@ export function MessageList({
         {sortedMessages.map((msg, index) => {
           // For DMs, look up contact; for channel messages, use parsed sender
           const contact = msg.type === 'PRIV' ? getContact(msg.conversation_key) : null;
-          const isRepeater = contact?.type === CONTACT_TYPE_REPEATER;
           const isRoomServer = contact?.type === CONTACT_TYPE_ROOM;
 
-          // Skip sender parsing for repeater messages (CLI responses often have colons)
+          // Only parse "sender: text" prefix for channel messages — DMs never carry
+          // an in-text sender prefix, so parsing them would incorrectly strip
+          // user text that happens to contain a colon (e.g. "TEST1: TEST2").
           const { sender, content } =
-            isRepeater || (isRoomServer && msg.type === 'PRIV')
+            msg.type === 'PRIV'
               ? { sender: null, content: msg.text }
               : parseSenderFromText(msg.text);
           const directSenderName =
@@ -845,7 +846,8 @@ export function MessageList({
             isCorruptChannelMessage
           );
           const prevMsg = sortedMessages[index - 1];
-          const prevParsedSender = prevMsg ? parseSenderFromText(prevMsg.text).sender : null;
+          const prevParsedSender =
+            prevMsg && prevMsg.type === 'CHAN' ? parseSenderFromText(prevMsg.text).sender : null;
           const prevSenderKey = prevMsg
             ? getSenderKey(
                 prevMsg,

frontend/src/components/SettingsModal.tsx

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect, type ReactNode } from 'react';
 import type {
   AppSettings,
   AppSettingsUpdate,
+  Channel,
   Contact,
   HealthStatus,
   RadioAdvertMode,
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ interface SettingsModalBaseProps {
   onToggleBlockedKey?: (key: string) => void;
   onToggleBlockedName?: (name: string) => void;
   contacts?: Contact[];
+  channels?: Channel[];
   onBulkDeleteContacts?: (deletedKeys: string[]) => void;
   trackedTelemetryRepeaters?: string[];
   onToggleTrackedTelemetry?: (publicKey: string) => Promise<void>;
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ export function SettingsModal(props: SettingsModalProps) {
     onToggleBlockedKey,
     onToggleBlockedName,
     contacts,
+    channels,
     onBulkDeleteContacts,
     trackedTelemetryRepeaters,
     onToggleTrackedTelemetry,
@@ -228,6 +231,8 @@ export function SettingsModal(props: SettingsModalProps) {
           {isSectionVisible('local') && (
             <SettingsLocalSection
               onLocalLabelChange={onLocalLabelChange}
+              contacts={contacts}
+              channels={channels}
               className={sectionContentClass}
             />
           )}

frontend/src/components/StatusBar.tsx

@@ -12,13 +12,21 @@ import type { HealthStatus, RadioConfig } from '../types';
 import { api } from '../api';
 import { toast } from './ui/sonner';
 import { handleKeyboardActivate } from '../utils/a11y';
-import { applyTheme, getSavedTheme, THEME_CHANGE_EVENT } from '../utils/theme';
+import { applyTheme, getEffectiveTheme, THEME_CHANGE_EVENT } from '../utils/theme';
 import {
   BATTERY_DISPLAY_CHANGE_EVENT,
   getShowBatteryPercent,
   getShowBatteryVoltage,
   mvToPercent,
 } from '../utils/batteryDisplay';
+import {
+  STATUS_DOT_PULSE_CHANGE_EVENT,
+  STATUS_DOT_PULSE_DURATION_MS,
+  STATUS_DOT_PULSE_PACKET_EVENT,
+  getStatusDotPulseEnabled,
+  pulseColorFor,
+  type StatusDotPulseKind,
+} from '../utils/statusDotPulse';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 interface StatusBarProps {
@@ -84,17 +92,71 @@ export function StatusBar({
             ? 'Radio OK'
             : 'Radio Disconnected';
   const [reconnecting, setReconnecting] = useState(false);
-  const [currentTheme, setCurrentTheme] = useState(getSavedTheme);
+  // Track the *effective* theme (follow-os is resolved to original/light) so the
+  // toggle icon and action match what the user currently sees rendered.
+  const [currentTheme, setCurrentTheme] = useState(getEffectiveTheme);
+  const [pulseEnabled, setPulseEnabled] = useState(getStatusDotPulseEnabled);
+  const [pulseKind, setPulseKind] = useState<StatusDotPulseKind | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const handleThemeChange = (event: Event) => {
+    const handler = () => setPulseEnabled(getStatusDotPulseEnabled());
-      const themeId = (event as CustomEvent<string>).detail;
+    window.addEventListener(STATUS_DOT_PULSE_CHANGE_EVENT, handler);
-      setCurrentTheme(typeof themeId === 'string' && themeId ? themeId : getSavedTheme());
+    return () => window.removeEventListener(STATUS_DOT_PULSE_CHANGE_EVENT, handler);
-    };
+  }, []);
 
-    window.addEventListener(THEME_CHANGE_EVENT, handleThemeChange as EventListener);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!pulseEnabled) {
+      setPulseKind(null);
+      return;
+    }
+    let timer: number | null = null;
+    const handler = (event: Event) => {
+      const kind = (event as CustomEvent<StatusDotPulseKind>).detail;
+      setPulseKind(kind);
+      if (timer !== null) {
+        window.clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+      timer = window.setTimeout(() => {
+        setPulseKind(null);
+        timer = null;
+      }, STATUS_DOT_PULSE_DURATION_MS);
+    };
+    window.addEventListener(STATUS_DOT_PULSE_PACKET_EVENT, handler);
     return () => {
-      window.removeEventListener(THEME_CHANGE_EVENT, handleThemeChange as EventListener);
+      window.removeEventListener(STATUS_DOT_PULSE_PACKET_EVENT, handler);
+      if (timer !== null) {
+        window.clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    };
+  }, [pulseEnabled]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const syncEffective = () => setCurrentTheme(getEffectiveTheme());
+    window.addEventListener(THEME_CHANGE_EVENT, syncEffective);
+
+    // When saved theme is "follow-os", OS appearance changes alter the effective
+    // theme without firing a THEME_CHANGE_EVENT, so also watch matchMedia.
+    const mql =
+      typeof window.matchMedia === 'function'
+        ? window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)')
+        : null;
+    if (mql) {
+      if (typeof mql.addEventListener === 'function') {
+        mql.addEventListener('change', syncEffective);
+      } else if (typeof (mql as MediaQueryList).addListener === 'function') {
+        (mql as MediaQueryList).addListener(syncEffective);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener(THEME_CHANGE_EVENT, syncEffective);
+      if (mql) {
+        if (typeof mql.removeEventListener === 'function') {
+          mql.removeEventListener('change', syncEffective);
+        } else if (typeof (mql as MediaQueryList).removeListener === 'function') {
+          (mql as MediaQueryList).removeListener(syncEffective);
+        }
+      }
     };
   }, []);
 
@@ -154,9 +216,12 @@ export function StatusBar({
             radioState === 'initializing' || radioState === 'connecting'
               ? 'bg-warning'
               : connected
-                ? 'bg-status-connected shadow-[0_0_6px_hsl(var(--status-connected)/0.5)]'
+                ? pulseKind
+                  ? ''
+                  : 'bg-status-connected shadow-[0_0_6px_hsl(var(--status-connected)/0.5)]'
                 : 'bg-status-disconnected'
           )}
+          style={connected && pulseKind ? { backgroundColor: pulseColorFor(pulseKind) } : undefined}
           aria-hidden="true"
         />
         <span className="hidden lg:inline text-muted-foreground">{statusLabel}</span>

frontend/src/components/repeater/RepeaterTelemetryPane.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { Separator } from '../ui/separator';
 import { RepeaterPane, NotFetched, KvRow, formatDuration } from './repeaterPaneShared';
 import type { RepeaterStatusResponse, PaneState } from '../../types';
 
+function Secondary({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  return <span className="ml-1.5 font-normal text-muted-foreground">{children}</span>;
+}
+
+function formatAirtimePercent(airtimeSec: number, uptimeSec: number): string | null {
+  if (uptimeSec <= 0) return null;
+  return `${((airtimeSec / uptimeSec) * 100).toFixed(2)}%`;
+}
+
+function formatPerMinute(count: number, uptimeSec: number): string | null {
+  if (uptimeSec <= 0) return null;
+  const rate = (count * 60) / uptimeSec;
+  return rate >= 10 ? rate.toFixed(0) : rate.toFixed(1);
+}
+
 export function TelemetryPane({
   data,
   state,
@@ -13,6 +29,11 @@ export function TelemetryPane({
   onRefresh: () => void;
   disabled?: boolean;
 }) {
+  const txPct = data ? formatAirtimePercent(data.airtime_seconds, data.uptime_seconds) : null;
+  const rxPct = data ? formatAirtimePercent(data.rx_airtime_seconds, data.uptime_seconds) : null;
+  const rxPerMin = data ? formatPerMinute(data.packets_received, data.uptime_seconds) : null;
+  const txPerMin = data ? formatPerMinute(data.packets_sent, data.uptime_seconds) : null;
+
   return (
     <RepeaterPane title="Telemetry" state={state} onRefresh={onRefresh} disabled={disabled}>
       {!data ? (
@@ -21,8 +42,24 @@ export function TelemetryPane({
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <KvRow label="Battery" value={`${data.battery_volts.toFixed(3)}V`} />
           <KvRow label="Uptime" value={formatDuration(data.uptime_seconds)} />
-          <KvRow label="TX Airtime" value={formatDuration(data.airtime_seconds)} />
+          <KvRow
-          <KvRow label="RX Airtime" value={formatDuration(data.rx_airtime_seconds)} />
+            label="TX Airtime"
+            value={
+              <>
+                {formatDuration(data.airtime_seconds)}
+                {txPct && <Secondary>({txPct})</Secondary>}
+              </>
+            }
+          />
+          <KvRow
+            label="RX Airtime"
+            value={
+              <>
+                {formatDuration(data.rx_airtime_seconds)}
+                {rxPct && <Secondary>({rxPct})</Secondary>}
+              </>
+            }
+          />
           <Separator className="my-1" />
           <KvRow label="Noise Floor" value={`${data.noise_floor_dbm} dBm`} />
           <KvRow label="Last RSSI" value={`${data.last_rssi_dbm} dBm`} />
@@ -30,7 +67,17 @@ export function TelemetryPane({
           <Separator className="my-1" />
           <KvRow
             label="Packets"
-            value={`${data.packets_received.toLocaleString()} rx / ${data.packets_sent.toLocaleString()} tx`}
+            value={
+              <>
+                {data.packets_received.toLocaleString()} rx / {data.packets_sent.toLocaleString()}{' '}
+                tx
+                {rxPerMin && txPerMin && (
+                  <Secondary>
+                    (avg {rxPerMin} rx/min / {txPerMin} tx/min)
+                  </Secondary>
+                )}
+              </>
+            }
           />
           <KvRow
             label="Flood"

frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsDatabaseSection.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
   Contact,
   HealthStatus,
   TelemetryHistoryEntry,
+  TelemetrySchedule,
 } from '../../types';
 
 export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
@@ -54,19 +55,45 @@ export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
   const [discoveryBlockedTypes, setDiscoveryBlockedTypes] = useState<number[]>([]);
   const [bulkDeleteOpen, setBulkDeleteOpen] = useState(false);
 
-  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
-
   const [latestTelemetry, setLatestTelemetry] = useState<
     Record<string, TelemetryHistoryEntry | null>
   >({});
   const telemetryFetchedRef = useRef(false);
 
+  const [schedule, setSchedule] = useState<TelemetrySchedule | null>(null);
+  const [intervalDraft, setIntervalDraft] = useState<number>(appSettings.telemetry_interval_hours);
+
+  // Serialization chain for every auto-persisted control on this page.
+  // Without this, rapid successive toggles (or mixed dropdown + checkbox
+  // interactions) can dispatch overlapping PATCHes that land out of order
+  // on HTTP/2 — a stale write then wins, reverting the user's last click.
+  // Each call awaits the previous one before sending its request, so the
+  // server sees updates in the order the user made them.
+  const saveChainRef = useRef<Promise<void>>(Promise.resolve());
+
   useEffect(() => {
     setAutoDecryptOnAdvert(appSettings.auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert);
     setDiscoveryBlockedTypes(appSettings.discovery_blocked_types ?? []);
+    setIntervalDraft(appSettings.telemetry_interval_hours);
   }, [appSettings]);
 
+  // Re-fetch the scheduler derivation whenever the tracked list changes or
+  // the stored preference changes. Cheap: single GET, no radio lock.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let cancelled = false;
+    api
+      .getTelemetrySchedule()
+      .then((s) => {
+        if (!cancelled) setSchedule(s);
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        // Non-critical: dropdown falls back to the unfiltered menu.
+      });
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, [trackedTelemetryRepeaters.length, appSettings.telemetry_interval_hours]);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (trackedTelemetryRepeaters.length === 0 || telemetryFetchedRef.current) return;
     telemetryFetchedRef.current = true;
@@ -132,28 +159,26 @@ export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
     }
   };
 
-  const handleSave = async () => {
+  /**
-    setBusy(true);
+   * Apply an AppSettings PATCH after any already-queued saves finish, and
-    setError(null);
+   * revert local state if the save fails. Every auto-persist control on
-
+   * this page routes through here so the user-visible order of clicks is
-    try {
+   * the order the backend sees, regardless of network reordering.
-      const update: AppSettingsUpdate = { auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert: autoDecryptOnAdvert };
+   */
-      const currentBlocked = appSettings.discovery_blocked_types ?? [];
+  const persistAppSettings = (update: AppSettingsUpdate, revert: () => void): Promise<void> => {
-      if (
+    const chained = saveChainRef.current.then(async () => {
-        discoveryBlockedTypes.length !== currentBlocked.length ||
+      try {
-        discoveryBlockedTypes.some((t) => !currentBlocked.includes(t))
+        await onSaveAppSettings(update);
-      ) {
+      } catch (err) {
-        update.discovery_blocked_types = discoveryBlockedTypes;
+        console.error('Failed to save database settings:', err);
+        revert();
+        toast.error('Failed to save setting', {
+          description: err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Unknown error',
+        });
       }
-      await onSaveAppSettings(update);
+    });
-      toast.success('Database settings saved');
+    saveChainRef.current = chained;
-    } catch (err) {
+    return chained;
-      console.error('Failed to save database settings:', err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Failed to save');
-      toast.error('Failed to save settings');
-    } finally {
-      setBusy(false);
-    }
   };
 
   return (
@@ -249,7 +274,14 @@ export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
           <input
             type="checkbox"
             checked={autoDecryptOnAdvert}
-            onChange={(e) => setAutoDecryptOnAdvert(e.target.checked)}
+            onChange={(e) => {
+              const next = e.target.checked;
+              const prev = autoDecryptOnAdvert;
+              setAutoDecryptOnAdvert(next);
+              void persistAppSettings({ auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert: next }, () =>
+                setAutoDecryptOnAdvert(prev)
+              );
+            }}
             className="w-4 h-4 rounded border-input accent-primary"
           />
           <span className="text-sm">Auto-decrypt historical DMs when new contact advertises</span>
@@ -266,10 +298,61 @@ export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
       <div className="space-y-3">
         <Label className="text-base">Tracked Repeater Telemetry</Label>
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-          Repeaters opted into automatic telemetry collection are polled every 8 hours. Up to 8
+          Repeaters opted into automatic telemetry collection are polled on a scheduled interval. To
-          repeaters may be tracked at a time ({trackedTelemetryRepeaters.length} / 8 slots used).
+          limit mesh traffic, the app caps telemetry at 24 checks per day across all tracked
+          repeaters — so fewer tracked repeaters allows shorter intervals, and more tracked
+          repeaters forces longer ones. Up to {schedule?.max_tracked ?? 8} repeaters may be tracked
+          at once ({trackedTelemetryRepeaters.length} / {schedule?.max_tracked ?? 8} slots used).
         </p>
 
+        {/* Interval picker. Legal options depend on current tracked count;
+            we list only those. If the saved preference is no longer legal,
+            the effective interval is shown below so the user knows what the
+            scheduler is actually using. */}
+        <div className="space-y-1.5">
+          <Label htmlFor="telemetry-interval" className="text-sm">
+            Collection interval
+          </Label>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <select
+              id="telemetry-interval"
+              value={intervalDraft}
+              onChange={(e) => {
+                const nextValue = Number(e.target.value);
+                if (!Number.isFinite(nextValue) || nextValue === intervalDraft) return;
+                const prevValue = intervalDraft;
+                setIntervalDraft(nextValue);
+                void persistAppSettings({ telemetry_interval_hours: nextValue }, () =>
+                  setIntervalDraft(prevValue)
+                );
+              }}
+              className="h-9 px-3 rounded-md border border-input bg-background text-sm ring-offset-background focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-ring focus:ring-offset-2"
+            >
+              {(schedule?.options ?? [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24]).map((hrs) => (
+                <option key={hrs} value={hrs}>
+                  Every {hrs} hour{hrs === 1 ? '' : 's'} ({Math.floor(24 / hrs)} check
+                  {Math.floor(24 / hrs) === 1 ? '' : 's'}/day)
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
+          </div>
+          {schedule && schedule.effective_hours !== schedule.preferred_hours && (
+            <p className="text-xs text-warning">
+              Saved preference is {schedule.preferred_hours} hour
+              {schedule.preferred_hours === 1 ? '' : 's'}, but the scheduler is using{' '}
+              {schedule.effective_hours} hours because {schedule.tracked_count} repeater
+              {schedule.tracked_count === 1 ? '' : 's'}{' '}
+              {schedule.tracked_count === 1 ? 'is' : 'are'} tracked. Your preference will be
+              restored if you drop back to a supported count.
+            </p>
+          )}
+          {schedule?.next_run_at != null && (
+            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+              Next run at {formatTime(schedule.next_run_at)} (UTC top of hour).
+            </p>
+          )}
+        </div>
+
         {trackedTelemetryRepeaters.length === 0 ? (
           <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground italic">
             No repeaters are being tracked. Enable tracking from a repeater's dashboard.
@@ -341,16 +424,6 @@ export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
         )}
       </div>
 
-      {error && (
-        <div className="text-sm text-destructive" role="alert">
-          {error}
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={busy} className="w-full">
-        {busy ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Settings'}
-      </Button>
-
       <Separator />
 
       {/* ── Contact Management ── */}
@@ -380,11 +453,14 @@ export function SettingsDatabaseSection({
                 <input
                   type="checkbox"
                   checked={checked}
-                  onChange={() =>
+                  onChange={() => {
-                    setDiscoveryBlockedTypes((prev) =>
+                    const prev = discoveryBlockedTypes;
-                      checked ? prev.filter((t) => t !== typeCode) : [...prev, typeCode]
+                    const next = checked ? prev.filter((t) => t !== typeCode) : [...prev, typeCode];
-                    )
+                    setDiscoveryBlockedTypes(next);
-                  }
+                    void persistAppSettings({ discovery_blocked_types: next }, () =>
+                      setDiscoveryBlockedTypes(prev)
+                    );
+                  }}
                   className="rounded border-input"
                 />
                 {label}

frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsFanoutSection.tsx

@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ const CREATE_INTEGRATION_DEFINITIONS: readonly CreateIntegrationDefinition[] = [
     label: 'Map Upload',
     section: 'Community Sharing',
     description:
-      'Upload repeaters and room servers to map.meshcore.dev or a compatible map API endpoint.',
+      'Upload repeaters and room servers to map.meshcore.io or a compatible map API endpoint.',
     defaultName: 'Map Upload',
     nameMode: 'counted',
     defaults: {
@@ -1668,12 +1668,12 @@ function MapUploadConfigEditor({
       <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
         Automatically upload heard repeater and room server advertisements to{' '}
         <a
-          href="https://map.meshcore.dev"
+          href="https://map.meshcore.io"
           target="_blank"
           rel="noopener noreferrer"
           className="underline hover:text-foreground"
         >
-          map.meshcore.dev
+          map.meshcore.io
         </a>
         . Requires the radio&apos;s private key to be available (firmware must have{' '}
         <code>ENABLE_PRIVATE_KEY_EXPORT=1</code>). Only raw RF packets are shared &mdash; never
@@ -1710,12 +1710,12 @@ function MapUploadConfigEditor({
         <Input
           id="fanout-map-api-url"
           type="url"
-          placeholder="https://map.meshcore.dev/api/v1/uploader/node"
+          placeholder="https://map.meshcore.io/api/v1/uploader/node"
           value={(config.api_url as string) || ''}
           onChange={(e) => onChange({ ...config, api_url: e.target.value })}
         />
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-          Leave blank to use the default <code>map.meshcore.dev</code> endpoint.
+          Leave blank to use the default <code>map.meshcore.io</code> endpoint.
         </p>
       </div>
 
@@ -1811,6 +1811,162 @@ function getFilterKeys(filter: unknown): string[] {
   return [];
 }
 
+const MAX_SCOPE_PILL_DISPLAY = 32;
+
+interface PillsSearchListItem {
+  key: string;
+  label: string;
+  /** Optional trailing monospace hint (e.g. pubkey prefix) */
+  trailing?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Search-and-pills picker for the generic fanout scope selector.
+ * Shows selected items as removable pills (up to MAX_SCOPE_PILL_DISPLAY),
+ * a search input, and a scrollable list of filtered items with checkboxes.
+ * When more than MAX_SCOPE_PILL_DISPLAY items are selected, the pill row
+ * collapses to a single informational badge to keep the interface clean.
+ */
+function PillsSearchList({
+  label,
+  labelSuffix,
+  items,
+  selectedKeys,
+  onToggle,
+  onAll,
+  onNone,
+  searchPlaceholder,
+  emptyItemsMessage,
+}: {
+  label: string;
+  labelSuffix: string;
+  items: PillsSearchListItem[];
+  selectedKeys: string[];
+  onToggle: (key: string) => void;
+  onAll: () => void;
+  onNone: () => void;
+  searchPlaceholder: string;
+  emptyItemsMessage: string;
+}) {
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
+  const searchLower = search.toLowerCase().trim();
+
+  const filtered = useMemo(() => {
+    const matches = items.filter((it) => {
+      if (!searchLower) return true;
+      return (
+        it.label.toLowerCase().includes(searchLower) || it.key.toLowerCase().startsWith(searchLower)
+      );
+    });
+    // Selected items sort to top (mirrors the Home Assistant tracked-contacts picker)
+    return matches.sort((a, b) => {
+      const aSel = selectedKeys.includes(a.key) ? 0 : 1;
+      const bSel = selectedKeys.includes(b.key) ? 0 : 1;
+      if (aSel !== bSel) return aSel - bSel;
+      return a.label.localeCompare(b.label);
+    });
+  }, [items, searchLower, selectedKeys]);
+
+  const selectedDetails = useMemo(
+    () => items.filter((it) => selectedKeys.includes(it.key)),
+    [items, selectedKeys]
+  );
+  const overPillLimit = selectedDetails.length > MAX_SCOPE_PILL_DISPLAY;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-1">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+        <Label className="text-xs">
+          {label} <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">({labelSuffix})</span>
+        </Label>
+        <span className="flex gap-1">
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
+            onClick={onAll}
+          >
+            All
+          </button>
+          <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">/</span>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
+            onClick={onNone}
+          >
+            None
+          </button>
+        </span>
+      </div>
+
+      {selectedDetails.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
+          {overPillLimit ? (
+            <span className="inline-flex items-center text-[0.6875rem] px-2 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-muted text-muted-foreground">
+              &gt;{MAX_SCOPE_PILL_DISPLAY} selections made; hiding selection preview to keep the
+              interface clean
+            </span>
+          ) : (
+            selectedDetails.map((it) => (
+              <span
+                key={it.key}
+                className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-[0.6875rem] px-2 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-primary/10 text-primary"
+              >
+                {it.label}
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  className="ml-0.5 hover:text-destructive transition-colors"
+                  onClick={() => onToggle(it.key)}
+                  aria-label={`Remove ${it.label}`}
+                >
+                  &times;
+                </button>
+              </span>
+            ))
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {items.length === 0 ? (
+        <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground italic">{emptyItemsMessage}</p>
+      ) : (
+        <>
+          <Input
+            type="text"
+            placeholder={searchPlaceholder}
+            value={search}
+            onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+            className="h-8 text-sm"
+          />
+          <div className="max-h-48 overflow-y-auto space-y-1 rounded border border-border p-2">
+            {filtered.length === 0 ? (
+              <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground italic py-1">
+                No {label.toLowerCase()} match &ldquo;{search}&rdquo;
+              </p>
+            ) : (
+              filtered.map((it) => (
+                <label key={it.key} className="flex items-center gap-2 cursor-pointer text-sm">
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    checked={selectedKeys.includes(it.key)}
+                    onChange={() => onToggle(it.key)}
+                    className="h-3.5 w-3.5 rounded border-input accent-primary"
+                  />
+                  <span className="truncate">{it.label}</span>
+                  {it.trailing && (
+                    <span className="text-[0.625rem] text-muted-foreground ml-auto font-mono shrink-0">
+                      {it.trailing}
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                </label>
+              ))
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
 function ScopeSelector({
   scope,
   onChange,
@@ -1920,9 +2076,6 @@ function ScopeSelector({
       selectedContacts.length >= filteredContacts.length);
   const showEmptyScopeWarning = messagesEffectivelyNone && !rawEnabled;
 
-  const isChannelChecked = (key: string) => selectedChannels.includes(key);
-  const isContactChecked = (key: string) => selectedContacts.includes(key);
-
   const listHint =
     mode === 'only'
       ? 'Newly added channels or contacts will not be automatically included.'
@@ -1976,107 +2129,51 @@ function ScopeSelector({
           <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{listHint}</p>
 
           {channels.length > 0 && (
-            <div className="space-y-1">
+            <PillsSearchList
-              <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              label="Channels"
-                <Label className="text-xs">
+              labelSuffix={checkboxLabel}
-                  Channels{' '}
+              items={channels.map((ch) => ({ key: ch.key, label: ch.name }))}
-                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">({checkboxLabel})</span>
+              selectedKeys={selectedChannels}
-                </Label>
+              onToggle={toggleChannel}
-                <span className="flex gap-1">
+              onAll={() =>
-                  <button
+                onChange({
-                    type="button"
+                  ...scope,
-                    className="text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
+                  messages: buildMessages(
-                    onClick={() =>
+                    channels.map((ch) => ch.key),
-                      onChange({
+                    selectedContacts
-                        ...scope,
+                  ),
-                        messages: buildMessages(
+                })
-                          channels.map((ch) => ch.key),
+              }
-                          selectedContacts
+              onNone={() => onChange({ ...scope, messages: buildMessages([], selectedContacts) })}
-                        ),
+              searchPlaceholder={`Search ${channels.length} channel${channels.length === 1 ? '' : 's'}...`}
-                      })
+              emptyItemsMessage="No channels available."
-                    }
+            />
-                  >
-                    All
-                  </button>
-                  <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">/</span>
-                  <button
-                    type="button"
-                    className="text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
-                    onClick={() =>
-                      onChange({ ...scope, messages: buildMessages([], selectedContacts) })
-                    }
-                  >
-                    None
-                  </button>
-                </span>
-              </div>
-              <div className="max-h-32 overflow-y-auto border border-input rounded-md p-2 space-y-1">
-                {channels.map((ch) => (
-                  <label key={ch.key} className="flex items-center gap-2 cursor-pointer">
-                    <input
-                      type="checkbox"
-                      checked={isChannelChecked(ch.key)}
-                      onChange={() => toggleChannel(ch.key)}
-                      className="h-3.5 w-3.5 rounded border-input accent-primary"
-                    />
-                    <span className="text-sm truncate">{ch.name}</span>
-                  </label>
-                ))}
-              </div>
-            </div>
           )}
 
           {filteredContacts.length > 0 && (
-            <div className="space-y-1">
+            <PillsSearchList
-              <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              label="Contacts"
-                <Label className="text-xs">
+              labelSuffix={checkboxLabel}
-                  Contacts{' '}
+              items={filteredContacts.map((c) => ({
-                  <span className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">({checkboxLabel})</span>
+                key: c.public_key,
-                </Label>
+                label: c.name || c.public_key.slice(0, 12),
-                <span className="flex gap-1">
+                trailing: c.public_key.slice(0, 12),
-                  <button
+              }))}
-                    type="button"
+              selectedKeys={selectedContacts}
-                    className="text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
+              onToggle={toggleContact}
-                    onClick={() =>
+              onAll={() =>
-                      onChange({
+                onChange({
-                        ...scope,
+                  ...scope,
-                        messages: buildMessages(
+                  messages: buildMessages(
-                          selectedChannels,
+                    selectedChannels,
-                          filteredContacts.map((c) => c.public_key)
+                    filteredContacts.map((c) => c.public_key)
-                        ),
+                  ),
-                      })
+                })
-                    }
+              }
-                  >
+              onNone={() => onChange({ ...scope, messages: buildMessages(selectedChannels, []) })}
-                    All
+              searchPlaceholder={`Search ${filteredContacts.length} contact${filteredContacts.length === 1 ? '' : 's'}...`}
-                  </button>
+              emptyItemsMessage="No contacts available."
-                  <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">/</span>
+            />
-                  <button
-                    type="button"
-                    className="text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
-                    onClick={() =>
-                      onChange({ ...scope, messages: buildMessages(selectedChannels, []) })
-                    }
-                  >
-                    None
-                  </button>
-                </span>
-              </div>
-              <div className="max-h-32 overflow-y-auto border border-input rounded-md p-2 space-y-1">
-                {filteredContacts.map((c) => (
-                  <label key={c.public_key} className="flex items-center gap-2 cursor-pointer">
-                    <input
-                      type="checkbox"
-                      checked={isContactChecked(c.public_key)}
-                      onChange={() => toggleContact(c.public_key)}
-                      className="h-3.5 w-3.5 rounded border-input accent-primary"
-                    />
-                    <span className="text-sm truncate">
-                      {c.name || c.public_key.substring(0, 12) + '...'}
-                    </span>
-                  </label>
-                ))}
-              </div>
-            </div>
           )}
         </>
       )}

frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsLocalSection.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
-import { ChevronRight, Logs, MessageSquare, Send, Settings } from 'lucide-react';
+import { ChevronRight, Logs, MessageSquare, Send, Settings, X } from 'lucide-react';
+import { toast } from '../ui/sonner';
+import { usePush } from '../../contexts/PushSubscriptionContext';
+import type { Channel, Contact } from '../../types';
+import { getContactDisplayName } from '../../utils/pubkey';
 import { Button } from '../ui/button';
 import { Input } from '../ui/input';
 import { Label } from '../ui/label';
@@ -35,30 +39,198 @@ import {
   getShowBatteryVoltage,
   setShowBatteryVoltage as saveBatteryVoltage,
 } from '../../utils/batteryDisplay';
+import {
+  STATUS_DOT_PULSE_CHANGE_EVENT,
+  getStatusDotPulseEnabled,
+  setStatusDotPulseEnabled as saveStatusDotPulse,
+} from '../../utils/statusDotPulse';
+
+/** Resolve a state key like "contact-abc123" or "channel-def456" to a display name. */
+function resolveConversationName(
+  stateKey: string,
+  contacts: Contact[],
+  channels: Channel[]
+): string {
+  if (stateKey.startsWith('contact-')) {
+    const pubkey = stateKey.slice('contact-'.length);
+    const contact = contacts.find((c) => c.public_key === pubkey);
+    return contact ? getContactDisplayName(contact.name, contact.public_key) : pubkey.slice(0, 12);
+  }
+  if (stateKey.startsWith('channel-')) {
+    const key = stateKey.slice('channel-'.length);
+    const channel = channels.find((c) => c.key === key);
+    if (channel?.name) return channel.name.startsWith('#') ? channel.name : `#${channel.name}`;
+    return `#${key.slice(0, 12)}`;
+  }
+  return stateKey;
+}
+
+function PushDeviceManagement({
+  contacts = [],
+  channels = [],
+}: {
+  contacts?: Contact[];
+  channels?: Channel[];
+}) {
+  const {
+    isSupported,
+    allSubscriptions,
+    pushConversations,
+    loading,
+    subscribe,
+    currentSubscriptionId,
+    toggleConversation,
+    deleteSubscription,
+    testPush,
+    refreshSubscriptions,
+  } = usePush();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    refreshSubscriptions();
+  }, [refreshSubscriptions]);
+
+  if (!isSupported) {
+    return (
+      <div className="space-y-3">
+        <Label>Web Push Notifications</Label>
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+          {window.isSecureContext
+            ? 'Push notifications are not supported by this browser.'
+            : 'Web Push requires HTTPS. Access RemoteTerm over HTTPS (self-signed certificates work) to enable push notifications.'}
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4">
+      <div className="space-y-1">
+        <Label>Web Push Notifications</Label>
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+          Receive notifications even when the browser is closed. Use the bell icon in any
+          conversation header to enable push for that contact or channel, or subscribe this browser
+          to receive notifications for all push-enabled conversations.
+        </p>
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+          The set of channels or DMs that trigger push notifications are global per-install (i.e.
+          all devices that register for Web Push will have the same set of channels/DMs that trigger
+          notifications). Subscribing or unsubscribing a particular browser only controls whether
+          that browser receives notifications for the configured set of channels/DMs.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+
+      {!currentSubscriptionId && (
+        <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={() => void subscribe()} disabled={loading}>
+          {loading ? 'Subscribing...' : 'Subscribe This Browser'}
+        </Button>
+      )}
+
+      {pushConversations.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="space-y-2">
+          <span className="text-[0.625rem] uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground font-medium">
+            Push-enabled conversations
+          </span>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
+            {pushConversations.map((key) => (
+              <span
+                key={key}
+                className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full bg-muted px-2.5 py-1 text-sm"
+              >
+                {resolveConversationName(key, contacts, channels)}
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => void toggleConversation(key)}
+                  className="rounded-full p-0.5 hover:bg-accent transition-colors"
+                  title="Remove"
+                  aria-label={`Remove ${resolveConversationName(key, contacts, channels)} from push`}
+                >
+                  <X className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                </button>
+              </span>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {allSubscriptions.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="space-y-2">
+          <span className="text-[0.625rem] uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground font-medium">
+            Registered Devices
+          </span>
+          <div className="mt-2 space-y-2">
+            {allSubscriptions.map((sub) => (
+              <div
+                key={sub.id}
+                className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 rounded-md border border-border px-3 py-2"
+              >
+                <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                  <div className="flex items-center gap-2 overflow-hidden">
+                    <span className="truncate text-sm font-medium">
+                      {sub.label || 'Unknown device'}
+                    </span>
+                    {sub.id === currentSubscriptionId && (
+                      <span className="shrink-0 rounded bg-primary/10 px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[0.625rem] font-medium text-primary">
+                        Current device
+                      </span>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                  <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    {sub.last_success_at
+                      ? `Last push: ${new Date(sub.last_success_at * 1000).toLocaleDateString()}`
+                      : 'Never pushed'}
+                    {sub.failure_count > 0 && ` · ${sub.failure_count} failures`}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+                <div className="flex gap-1">
+                  <Button
+                    variant="ghost"
+                    size="sm"
+                    className="h-8 text-sm"
+                    onClick={() => void testPush(sub.id)}
+                  >
+                    Test
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button
+                    variant="ghost"
+                    size="sm"
+                    className="h-8 text-sm text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      void deleteSubscription(sub.id).then(() => toast.success('Device removed'));
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    Unsubscribe this device
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
 
 export function SettingsLocalSection({
   onLocalLabelChange,
+  contacts,
+  channels,
   className,
 }: {
   onLocalLabelChange?: (label: LocalLabel) => void;
+  contacts?: Contact[];
+  channels?: Channel[];
   className?: string;
 }) {
   const { distanceUnit, setDistanceUnit } = useDistanceUnit();
   const [reopenLastConversation, setReopenLastConversation] = useState(
     getReopenLastConversationEnabled
   );
-  const [darkMap, setDarkMap] = useState(() => {
-    try {
-      return localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-dark-map') === 'true';
-    } catch {
-      return false;
-    }
-  });
   const [localLabelText, setLocalLabelText] = useState(() => getLocalLabel().text);
   const [localLabelColor, setLocalLabelColor] = useState(() => getLocalLabel().color);
   const [autoFocusInput, setAutoFocusInput] = useState(getAutoFocusInputEnabled);
   const [batteryPercent, setBatteryPercent] = useState(getShowBatteryPercent);
   const [batteryVoltage, setBatteryVoltage] = useState(getShowBatteryVoltage);
+  const [statusDotPulse, setStatusDotPulse] = useState(getStatusDotPulseEnabled);
   const [fontScale, setFontScale] = useState(getSavedFontScale);
   const [fontScaleSlider, setFontScaleSlider] = useState(getSavedFontScale);
   const [fontScaleInput, setFontScaleInput] = useState(() => String(getSavedFontScale()));
@@ -178,24 +350,6 @@ export function SettingsLocalSection({
           <span className="text-sm">Reopen to last viewed channel/conversation</span>
         </label>
 
-        <label className="flex items-center gap-3 cursor-pointer">
-          <input
-            type="checkbox"
-            checked={darkMap}
-            onChange={(e) => {
-              const v = e.target.checked;
-              setDarkMap(v);
-              try {
-                localStorage.setItem('remoteterm-dark-map', String(v));
-              } catch {
-                // localStorage may be disabled
-              }
-            }}
-            className="w-4 h-4 rounded border-input accent-primary"
-          />
-          <span className="text-sm">Dark mode map tiles</span>
-        </label>
-
         <label className="flex items-center gap-3 cursor-pointer">
           <input
             type="checkbox"
@@ -247,6 +401,24 @@ export function SettingsLocalSection({
           </p>
         )}
 
+        <label className="flex items-center gap-3 cursor-pointer">
+          <input
+            type="checkbox"
+            checked={statusDotPulse}
+            onChange={(e) => {
+              const v = e.target.checked;
+              setStatusDotPulse(v);
+              saveStatusDotPulse(v);
+              window.dispatchEvent(new Event(STATUS_DOT_PULSE_CHANGE_EVENT));
+            }}
+            className="w-4 h-4 rounded border-input accent-primary"
+          />
+          <span className="text-sm">
+            Glitter status dot as packets arrive (blue = channel, purple = DM, cyan = advert, dark
+            green = other)
+          </span>
+        </label>
+
         <div className="space-y-3">
           <Label htmlFor="font-scale-input">Relative Font Size</Label>
           <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center">
@@ -324,6 +496,10 @@ export function SettingsLocalSection({
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
+
+      <Separator />
+
+      <PushDeviceManagement contacts={contacts} channels={channels} />
     </div>
   );
 }

frontend/src/components/ui/sheet.tsx

@@ -56,15 +56,68 @@ interface SheetContentProps
   hideCloseButton?: boolean;
 }
 
+// Safe-area insets for each sheet side. Sheets are position:fixed and escape
+// body padding, so without this they render under the iOS status bar/home
+// indicator when the app is installed as a PWA.
+//
+// NOTE: these inline styles override the matching sides of the `p-6` default
+// in sheetVariants. All current consumers pass `p-0`; future sheets that want
+// the default padding should compose explicit per-side padding in their own
+// className rather than relying on the `p-6` shorthand being preserved.
+type SheetSide = Exclude<VariantProps<typeof sheetVariants>['side'], null | undefined>;
+
+const sheetSafeAreaStyles: Record<SheetSide, React.CSSProperties> = {
+  top: {
+    paddingTop: 'var(--safe-area-top)',
+    paddingLeft: 'var(--safe-area-left)',
+    paddingRight: 'var(--safe-area-right)',
+  },
+  bottom: {
+    paddingBottom: 'var(--safe-area-bottom)',
+    paddingLeft: 'var(--safe-area-left)',
+    paddingRight: 'var(--safe-area-right)',
+  },
+  left: {
+    paddingTop: 'var(--safe-area-top)',
+    paddingLeft: 'var(--safe-area-left)',
+    paddingBottom: 'var(--safe-area-bottom)',
+  },
+  right: {
+    paddingTop: 'var(--safe-area-top)',
+    paddingRight: 'var(--safe-area-right)',
+    paddingBottom: 'var(--safe-area-bottom)',
+  },
+};
+
 const SheetContent = React.forwardRef<
   React.ElementRef<typeof SheetPrimitive.Content>,
   SheetContentProps
->(({ side = 'right', className, children, hideCloseButton = false, ...props }, ref) => (
+>(({ side = 'right', className, children, hideCloseButton = false, style, ...props }, ref) => (
   <SheetPortal>
     <SheetOverlay />
-    <SheetPrimitive.Content ref={ref} className={cn(sheetVariants({ side }), className)} {...props}>
+    <SheetPrimitive.Content
+      ref={ref}
+      className={cn(sheetVariants({ side }), className)}
+      style={{ ...sheetSafeAreaStyles[side as SheetSide], ...style }}
+      {...props}
+    >
       {!hideCloseButton && (
-        <SheetPrimitive.Close className="absolute right-4 top-4 rounded-sm opacity-70 ring-offset-background transition-opacity hover:opacity-100 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-ring focus:ring-offset-2 disabled:pointer-events-none data-[state=open]:bg-secondary">
+        <SheetPrimitive.Close
+          // Absolute positioning is measured from the containing block's
+          // padding edge, so the safe-area padding on SheetContent does not
+          // push this button down. We offset `top` by safe-area-top manually
+          // for sheets that pin to the viewport top (top/left/right). Bottom
+          // sheets start mid-viewport, so no adjustment is needed there.
+          style={
+            side === 'bottom'
+              ? undefined
+              : {
+                  top: 'calc(var(--safe-area-top) + 1rem)',
+                  right: 'calc(var(--safe-area-right) + 1rem)',
+                }
+          }
+          className="absolute right-4 top-4 rounded-sm opacity-70 ring-offset-background transition-opacity hover:opacity-100 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-ring focus:ring-offset-2 disabled:pointer-events-none data-[state=open]:bg-secondary"
+        >
           <X className="h-4 w-4" />
           <span className="sr-only">Close</span>
         </SheetPrimitive.Close>

frontend/src/contexts/PushSubscriptionContext.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { createContext, useContext, type ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { usePushSubscription, type PushSubscriptionState } from '../hooks/usePushSubscription';
+
+const noopAsync = async () => {};
+const noopAsyncNull = async () => null;
+
+const defaultState: PushSubscriptionState = {
+  isSupported: false,
+  isSubscribed: false,
+  currentSubscriptionId: null,
+  allSubscriptions: [],
+  pushConversations: [],
+  loading: false,
+  subscribe: noopAsyncNull,
+  unsubscribe: noopAsync,
+  toggleConversation: noopAsync,
+  isConversationPushEnabled: () => false,
+  deleteSubscription: noopAsync,
+  testPush: noopAsync,
+  refreshSubscriptions: async () => [],
+  refreshConversations: noopAsync,
+};
+
+const PushSubscriptionContext = createContext<PushSubscriptionState>(defaultState);
+
+export function PushSubscriptionProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const push = usePushSubscription();
+  return (
+    <PushSubscriptionContext.Provider value={push}>{children}</PushSubscriptionContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+export function usePush(): PushSubscriptionState {
+  return useContext(PushSubscriptionContext);
+}

frontend/src/hooks/usePushSubscription.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useCallback, useRef } from 'react';
+import { toast } from '../components/ui/sonner';
+import { api } from '../api';
+import type { PushSubscriptionInfo } from '../types';
+
+function generateLabel(): string {
+  const ua = navigator.userAgent;
+  if (/Firefox/i.test(ua)) {
+    if (/Android/i.test(ua)) return 'Firefox on Android';
+    if (/Mac/i.test(ua)) return 'Firefox on macOS';
+    if (/Windows/i.test(ua)) return 'Firefox on Windows';
+    if (/Linux/i.test(ua)) return 'Firefox on Linux';
+    return 'Firefox';
+  }
+  if (/Chrome/i.test(ua) && !/Edg/i.test(ua)) {
+    if (/Android/i.test(ua)) return 'Chrome on Android';
+    if (/CrOS/i.test(ua)) return 'Chrome on ChromeOS';
+    if (/Mac/i.test(ua)) return 'Chrome on macOS';
+    if (/Windows/i.test(ua)) return 'Chrome on Windows';
+    if (/Linux/i.test(ua)) return 'Chrome on Linux';
+    return 'Chrome';
+  }
+  if (/Edg/i.test(ua)) return 'Edge';
+  if (/Safari/i.test(ua)) {
+    if (/iPhone|iPad/i.test(ua)) return 'Safari on iOS';
+    return 'Safari on macOS';
+  }
+  return 'Browser';
+}
+
+function urlBase64ToUint8Array(base64String: string): Uint8Array {
+  const padding = '='.repeat((4 - (base64String.length % 4)) % 4);
+  const base64 = (base64String + padding).replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/');
+  const raw = atob(base64);
+  const arr = new Uint8Array(raw.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) arr[i] = raw.charCodeAt(i);
+  return arr;
+}
+
+function uint8ArraysEqual(a: Uint8Array | null, b: Uint8Array): boolean {
+  if (!a || a.length !== b.length) return false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+    if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function getApplicationServerKeyBytes(
+  key: ArrayBuffer | ArrayBufferView | null | undefined
+): Uint8Array | null {
+  if (!key) return null;
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(key)) {
+    return new Uint8Array(key.buffer, key.byteOffset, key.byteLength);
+  }
+  return new Uint8Array(key);
+}
+
+export interface PushSubscriptionState {
+  isSupported: boolean;
+  isSubscribed: boolean;
+  currentSubscriptionId: string | null;
+  allSubscriptions: PushSubscriptionInfo[];
+  /** Global list of push-enabled conversation state keys (device-independent). */
+  pushConversations: string[];
+  loading: boolean;
+  subscribe: () => Promise<string | null>;
+  unsubscribe: () => Promise<void>;
+  /** Toggle a conversation in the global push list (device-independent). */
+  toggleConversation: (conversationKey: string) => Promise<void>;
+  isConversationPushEnabled: (conversationKey: string) => boolean;
+  deleteSubscription: (subscriptionId: string) => Promise<void>;
+  testPush: (subscriptionId: string) => Promise<void>;
+  refreshSubscriptions: () => Promise<PushSubscriptionInfo[]>;
+  refreshConversations: () => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export function usePushSubscription(): PushSubscriptionState {
+  const [isSupported, setIsSupported] = useState(false);
+  const [currentSubscriptionId, setCurrentSubscriptionId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [allSubscriptions, setAllSubscriptions] = useState<PushSubscriptionInfo[]>([]);
+  const [pushConversations, setPushConversations] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const vapidKeyRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+
+  const reconcileCurrentSubscription = useCallback(
+    (subs: PushSubscriptionInfo[], endpoint: string | null) => {
+      setAllSubscriptions(subs);
+      if (!endpoint) {
+        setCurrentSubscriptionId(null);
+        return;
+      }
+      const match = subs.find((sub) => sub.endpoint === endpoint);
+      setCurrentSubscriptionId(match?.id ?? null);
+    },
+    []
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const supported =
+      window.isSecureContext &&
+      'serviceWorker' in navigator &&
+      'PushManager' in window &&
+      'Notification' in window;
+    setIsSupported(supported);
+
+    if (supported) {
+      // Always load all registered devices so Settings can manage them even
+      // when this particular browser isn't subscribed.
+      const subsPromise = api.getPushSubscriptions().catch(() => [] as PushSubscriptionInfo[]);
+
+      // Check if THIS browser has an active push subscription and match it
+      // to a backend record.
+      navigator.serviceWorker.ready
+        .then((reg) => reg.pushManager.getSubscription())
+        .then(async (sub) => {
+          const existing = await subsPromise;
+          reconcileCurrentSubscription(existing, sub?.endpoint ?? null);
+        })
+        .catch(() => {});
+
+      // Load global conversation list
+      api
+        .getPushConversations()
+        .then(setPushConversations)
+        .catch(() => {});
+    }
+  }, [reconcileCurrentSubscription]);
+
+  const refreshSubscriptions = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const subs = await api.getPushSubscriptions();
+      const reg = await navigator.serviceWorker.ready;
+      const sub = await reg.pushManager.getSubscription();
+      reconcileCurrentSubscription(subs, sub?.endpoint ?? null);
+      return subs;
+    } catch {
+      return [];
+    }
+  }, [reconcileCurrentSubscription]);
+
+  const refreshConversations = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const convos = await api.getPushConversations();
+      setPushConversations(convos);
+    } catch {
+      // best effort
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const subscribe = useCallback(async (): Promise<string | null> => {
+    if (!isSupported) return null;
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const resp = await api.getVapidPublicKey();
+      vapidKeyRef.current = resp.public_key;
+      const vapidKeyBytes = urlBase64ToUint8Array(resp.public_key);
+
+      const reg = await navigator.serviceWorker.ready;
+      let pushSub = await reg.pushManager.getSubscription();
+      const existingKeyBytes = getApplicationServerKeyBytes(pushSub?.options?.applicationServerKey);
+      const requiresRecreate =
+        pushSub !== null && !uint8ArraysEqual(existingKeyBytes, vapidKeyBytes);
+
+      if (requiresRecreate) {
+        await pushSub!.unsubscribe();
+        pushSub = null;
+      }
+
+      if (!pushSub) {
+        pushSub = await reg.pushManager.subscribe({
+          userVisibleOnly: true,
+          applicationServerKey: vapidKeyBytes.buffer as ArrayBuffer,
+        });
+      }
+
+      const json = pushSub.toJSON();
+      const result = await api.pushSubscribe({
+        endpoint: json.endpoint!,
+        p256dh: json.keys!.p256dh!,
+        auth: json.keys!.auth!,
+        label: generateLabel(),
+      });
+
+      setCurrentSubscriptionId(result.id);
+      await refreshSubscriptions();
+      return result.id;
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error('Push subscribe failed:', err);
+      toast.error('Failed to enable push notifications', {
+        description: err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Check that notifications are allowed',
+      });
+      return null;
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [isSupported, refreshSubscriptions]);
+
+  const unsubscribe = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const reg = await navigator.serviceWorker.ready;
+      const pushSub = await reg.pushManager.getSubscription();
+      if (pushSub) await pushSub.unsubscribe();
+
+      if (currentSubscriptionId) {
+        await api.deletePushSubscription(currentSubscriptionId).catch(() => {});
+      }
+
+      setCurrentSubscriptionId(null);
+      await refreshSubscriptions();
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error('Push unsubscribe failed:', err);
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [currentSubscriptionId, refreshSubscriptions]);
+
+  const toggleConversation = useCallback(async (conversationKey: string) => {
+    try {
+      const updated = await api.togglePushConversation(conversationKey);
+      setPushConversations(updated);
+    } catch {
+      toast.error('Failed to update push preferences');
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const isConversationPushEnabled = useCallback(
+    (conversationKey: string): boolean => {
+      return pushConversations.includes(conversationKey);
+    },
+    [pushConversations]
+  );
+
+  const deleteSubscription = useCallback(
+    async (subscriptionId: string) => {
+      await api.deletePushSubscription(subscriptionId);
+      if (subscriptionId === currentSubscriptionId) {
+        setCurrentSubscriptionId(null);
+        try {
+          const reg = await navigator.serviceWorker.ready;
+          const pushSub = await reg.pushManager.getSubscription();
+          if (pushSub) await pushSub.unsubscribe();
+        } catch {
+          // best effort
+        }
+      }
+      await refreshSubscriptions();
+    },
+    [currentSubscriptionId, refreshSubscriptions]
+  );
+
+  const testPush = useCallback(async (subscriptionId: string) => {
+    try {
+      await api.testPushSubscription(subscriptionId);
+      toast.success('Test notification sent');
+    } catch {
+      toast.error('Test notification failed');
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  return {
+    isSupported,
+    isSubscribed: !!currentSubscriptionId,
+    currentSubscriptionId,
+    allSubscriptions,
+    pushConversations,
+    loading,
+    subscribe,
+    unsubscribe,
+    toggleConversation,
+    isConversationPushEnabled,
+    deleteSubscription,
+    testPush,
+    refreshSubscriptions,
+    refreshConversations,
+  };
+}

frontend/src/hooks/useRealtimeAppState.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { getStateKey } from '../utils/conversationState';
 import { mergeContactIntoList } from '../utils/contactMerge';
 import { getContactDisplayName } from '../utils/pubkey';
 import { appendRawPacketUnique } from '../utils/rawPacketIdentity';
+import { emitStatusDotPulse } from '../utils/statusDotPulse';
 import type {
   Channel,
   Contact,
@@ -253,6 +254,7 @@ export function useRealtimeAppState({
       },
       onRawPacket: (packet: RawPacket) => {
         recordRawPacketObservation?.(packet);
+        emitStatusDotPulse(packet.payload_type);
         setRawPackets((prev) => appendRawPacketUnique(prev, packet, maxRawPackets));
       },
       onMessageAcked: (

frontend/src/main.tsx

@@ -4,15 +4,25 @@ import { App } from './App';
 import './index.css';
 import './themes.css';
 import './styles.css';
-import { getSavedTheme, applyTheme } from './utils/theme';
+import { getSavedTheme, applyTheme, initFollowOSListener } from './utils/theme';
 import { applyFontScale, getSavedFontScale } from './utils/fontScale';
+import { PushSubscriptionProvider } from './contexts/PushSubscriptionContext';
 
 // Apply saved theme before first render
 applyTheme(getSavedTheme());
+// Re-apply when the OS color-scheme preference changes, if on "Follow OS".
+initFollowOSListener();
 applyFontScale(getSavedFontScale());
 
 createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
   <StrictMode>
-    <App />
+    <PushSubscriptionProvider>
+      <App />
+    </PushSubscriptionProvider>
   </StrictMode>
 );
+
+// Register service worker for Web Push (requires secure context)
+if ('serviceWorker' in navigator && window.isSecureContext) {
+  navigator.serviceWorker.register('./sw.js').catch(() => {});
+}

frontend/src/test/appFavorites.test.tsx

@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
     success: vi.fn(),
     error: vi.fn(),
   },
+  push: {
+    isSupported: false,
+    isSubscribed: false,
+    subscribe: vi.fn<() => Promise<string | null>>(async () => null),
+    toggleConversation: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    isConversationPushEnabled: vi.fn(() => false),
+  },
   hookFns: {
     fetchOlderMessages: vi.fn(async () => {}),
     observeMessage: vi.fn(() => ({ added: false, activeConversation: false })),
@@ -51,6 +58,25 @@ vi.mock('../useWebSocket', () => ({
   useWebSocket: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
+vi.mock('../contexts/PushSubscriptionContext', () => ({
+  usePush: () => ({
+    isSupported: mocks.push.isSupported,
+    isSubscribed: mocks.push.isSubscribed,
+    currentSubscriptionId: mocks.push.isSubscribed ? 'sub-1' : null,
+    allSubscriptions: [],
+    pushConversations: [],
+    loading: false,
+    subscribe: mocks.push.subscribe,
+    unsubscribe: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    toggleConversation: mocks.push.toggleConversation,
+    isConversationPushEnabled: mocks.push.isConversationPushEnabled,
+    deleteSubscription: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    testPush: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    refreshSubscriptions: vi.fn(async () => []),
+    refreshConversations: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  }),
+}));
+
 vi.mock('../hooks', async (importOriginal) => {
   const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../hooks')>();
   return {
@@ -209,6 +235,10 @@ const publicChannel = {
 describe('App favorite toggle flow', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
+    mocks.push.isSupported = false;
+    mocks.push.isSubscribed = false;
+    mocks.push.subscribe.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    mocks.push.isConversationPushEnabled.mockReturnValue(false);
 
     mocks.api.getRadioConfig.mockResolvedValue(baseConfig);
     mocks.api.getSettings.mockResolvedValue({ ...baseSettings });
@@ -313,4 +343,44 @@ describe('App favorite toggle flow', () => {
       expect(screen.queryByTestId('settings-modal-section')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
     });
   });
+
+  it('subscribes this browser before enabling web push for a conversation', async () => {
+    mocks.push.isSupported = true;
+    mocks.push.isSubscribed = false;
+    mocks.push.subscribe.mockResolvedValue('sub-1');
+
+    render(<App />);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /web push/i }));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(mocks.push.subscribe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mocks.push.toggleConversation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`channel-${publicChannel.key}`);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('does not enable web push when subscription setup fails', async () => {
+    mocks.push.isSupported = true;
+    mocks.push.isSubscribed = false;
+    mocks.push.subscribe.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    render(<App />);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /web push/i }));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(mocks.push.subscribe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+    expect(mocks.push.toggleConversation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });

frontend/src/test/chatHeaderKeyVisibility.test.tsx

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ describe('ChatHeader key visibility', () => {
     expect(screen.getAllByText('#Esperance')).toHaveLength(2);
   });
 
-  it('shows enabled notification state and toggles when clicked', () => {
+  it('shows filled bell when notifications are enabled and toggles via dropdown', () => {
     const conversation: Conversation = { type: 'contact', id: '11'.repeat(32), name: 'Alice' };
     const onToggleNotifications = vi.fn();
 
@@ -164,12 +164,40 @@ describe('ChatHeader key visibility', () => {
       />
     );
 
-    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText('Notifications On'));
+    // Bell button should be present; open the dropdown
+    const bellBtn = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' });
+    fireEvent.click(bellBtn);
 
-    expect(screen.getByText('Notifications On')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    // Desktop notifications checkbox should be checked
+    const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /desktop notifications/i });
+    expect(checkbox).toBeChecked();
+
+    // Toggling calls the handler
+    fireEvent.click(checkbox);
     expect(onToggleNotifications).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
+  it('keeps desktop notifications available when web push is also supported', () => {
+    const conversation: Conversation = { type: 'contact', id: '13'.repeat(32), name: 'Alice' };
+
+    render(
+      <ChatHeader
+        {...baseProps}
+        conversation={conversation}
+        channels={[]}
+        pushSupported
+        pushSubscribed
+        pushEnabledForConversation
+        onTogglePush={vi.fn()}
+      />
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' }));
+
+    expect(screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /desktop notifications/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /web push/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   it('hides trace and notification controls for room-server contacts', () => {
     const pubKey = '41'.repeat(32);
     const contact: Contact = {
@@ -198,9 +226,7 @@ describe('ChatHeader key visibility', () => {
 
     expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: 'Path Discovery' })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: 'Direct Trace' })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
-    expect(
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: 'Notification settings' })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
-      screen.queryByRole('button', { name: 'Enable notifications for this conversation' })
-    ).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('hides the delete button for the canonical Public channel', () => {

frontend/src/test/conversationPane.test.tsx

@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ function createProps(overrides: Partial<React.ComponentProps<typeof Conversation
     onDeleteContact: vi.fn(async () => {}),
     onDeleteChannel: vi.fn(async () => {}),
     onSetChannelFloodScopeOverride: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+    onSelectConversation: vi.fn(),
     onOpenContactInfo: vi.fn(),
     onOpenChannelInfo: vi.fn(),
     onSenderClick: vi.fn(),

frontend/src/test/mapView.test.tsx

@@ -1,26 +1,43 @@
 import { forwardRef } from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { MapView } from '../components/MapView';
 import type { Contact } from '../types';
 
-vi.mock('react-leaflet', () => ({
+vi.mock('react-leaflet', () => {
-  MapContainer: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{children}</div>,
+  const BaseLayer = ({
-  TileLayer: () => null,
+    children,
-  CircleMarker: forwardRef<
+  }: {
-    HTMLDivElement,
+    children: React.ReactNode;
-    { children: React.ReactNode; pathOptions?: { fillColor?: string } }
+    name: string;
-  >(({ children, pathOptions }, ref) => (
+    checked?: boolean;
-    <div ref={ref} data-fill-color={pathOptions?.fillColor}>
+  }) => <div>{children}</div>;
-      {children}
+  const LayersControlMock = ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{children}</div>;
-    </div>
+  (LayersControlMock as unknown as { BaseLayer: typeof BaseLayer }).BaseLayer = BaseLayer;
-  )),
+  return {
-  Popup: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{children}</div>,
+    MapContainer: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{children}</div>,
-  useMap: () => ({
+    TileLayer: () => null,
-    setView: vi.fn(),
+    CircleMarker: forwardRef<
-    fitBounds: vi.fn(),
+      HTMLDivElement,
-  }),
+      { children: React.ReactNode; pathOptions?: { fillColor?: string } }
-}));
+    >(({ children, pathOptions }, ref) => (
+      <div ref={ref} data-fill-color={pathOptions?.fillColor}>
+        {children}
+      </div>
+    )),
+    Popup: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{children}</div>,
+    Polyline: () => null,
+    LayersControl: LayersControlMock,
+    useMap: () => ({
+      setView: vi.fn(),
+      fitBounds: vi.fn(),
+      setMaxZoom: vi.fn(),
+      setZoom: vi.fn(),
+      getZoom: vi.fn(() => 2),
+    }),
+    useMapEvents: () => null,
+  };
+});
 
 describe('MapView', () => {
   it('renders a never-heard fallback for a focused contact without last_seen', () => {
@@ -54,6 +71,68 @@ describe('MapView', () => {
     expect(screen.getByText('Last heard: Never heard by this server')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
+  it('invokes onSelectContact when the popup name is clicked', () => {
+    const contact: Contact = {
+      public_key: 'cc'.repeat(32),
+      name: 'Clickable',
+      type: 1,
+      flags: 0,
+      direct_path: null,
+      direct_path_len: -1,
+      direct_path_hash_mode: -1,
+      route_override_path: null,
+      route_override_len: null,
+      route_override_hash_mode: null,
+      last_advert: null,
+      lat: 42,
+      lon: -72,
+      last_seen: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+      on_radio: false,
+      favorite: false,
+      last_contacted: null,
+      last_read_at: null,
+      first_seen: null,
+    };
+    const onSelectContact = vi.fn();
+
+    render(<MapView contacts={[contact]} onSelectContact={onSelectContact} />);
+
+    const link = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Clickable' });
+    expect(link).toHaveAttribute('title', 'Open conversation with Clickable');
+    fireEvent.click(link);
+
+    expect(onSelectContact).toHaveBeenCalledWith(contact);
+  });
+
+  it('renders the popup name as plain text when no onSelectContact is provided', () => {
+    const contact: Contact = {
+      public_key: 'dd'.repeat(32),
+      name: 'Static',
+      type: 1,
+      flags: 0,
+      direct_path: null,
+      direct_path_len: -1,
+      direct_path_hash_mode: -1,
+      route_override_path: null,
+      route_override_len: null,
+      route_override_hash_mode: null,
+      last_advert: null,
+      lat: 42,
+      lon: -72,
+      last_seen: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+      on_radio: false,
+      favorite: false,
+      last_contacted: null,
+      last_read_at: null,
+      first_seen: null,
+    };
+
+    render(<MapView contacts={[contact]} />);
+
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /open conversation with static/i })).toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText('Static')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   it('keeps the 7-day cutoff stable for the lifetime of the mounted map', () => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
     try {

frontend/src/test/messageList.test.tsx

@@ -220,6 +220,24 @@ describe('MessageList channel sender rendering', () => {
     expect(onChannelReferenceClick).toHaveBeenCalledWith('#ops-room');
   });
 
+  it('does not strip colon-prefixed text in direct messages (issue #198)', () => {
+    render(
+      <MessageList
+        messages={[
+          createMessage({
+            type: 'PRIV',
+            conversation_key: 'ab'.repeat(32),
+            text: 'TEST1: TEST2',
+          }),
+        ]}
+        contacts={[]}
+        loading={false}
+      />
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('TEST1: TEST2')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   it('renders and dismisses an unread marker at the first unread message boundary', async () => {
     const user = userEvent.setup();
     const messages = [

frontend/src/test/settingsModal.test.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { act, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 import { SettingsModal } from '../components/SettingsModal';
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ const baseSettings: AppSettings = {
   discovery_blocked_types: [],
   tracked_telemetry_repeaters: [],
   auto_resend_channel: false,
+  telemetry_interval_hours: 8,
 };
 
 function renderModal(overrides?: {
@@ -442,52 +443,86 @@ describe('SettingsModal', () => {
     expect(screen.getByText('iPhone')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
-  it('clears stale errors when switching external desktop sections', async () => {
+  it('reverts checkbox state when auto-persist fails on the database section', async () => {
+    // Auto-persist replaced the old "Save Settings" button on this section.
+    // The risk is now: a toggle gets applied optimistically, the PATCH fails,
+    // and we're left with the UI out of sync with saved state. Verify the
+    // revert-on-error path keeps the checkbox consistent with the server.
     const onSaveAppSettings = vi.fn(async () => {
       throw new Error('Save failed');
     });
 
-    const { view } = renderModal({
+    renderModal({
       externalSidebarNav: true,
       desktopSection: 'database',
       onSaveAppSettings,
     });
 
-    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save Settings' }));
+    const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox', {
+      name: /Auto-decrypt historical DMs/i,
+    }) as HTMLInputElement;
+    const initialChecked = checkbox.checked;
+
+    fireEvent.click(checkbox);
+
     await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(screen.getByText('Save failed')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(onSaveAppSettings).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(checkbox.checked).toBe(initialChecked);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('serializes rapid auto-persist clicks so stale writes cannot win', async () => {
+    // Regression test for a race where rapid consecutive checkbox toggles
+    // fire overlapping PATCHes that can land out of order. The page now
+    // chains saves through a single promise, so the server sees them in
+    // the order the user clicked. This test hand-controls resolution
+    // order to force the "stale write" scenario if serialization were off.
+
+    const deferred: { resolve: () => void }[] = [];
+    const callOrder: number[] = [];
+
+    const onSaveAppSettings = vi.fn(async (_update: unknown) => {
+      const index = deferred.length;
+      callOrder.push(index);
+      await new Promise<void>((res) => {
+        deferred.push({ resolve: res });
+      });
     });
 
-    await act(async () => {
+    renderModal({
-      view.rerender(
+      externalSidebarNav: true,
-        <SettingsModal
+      desktopSection: 'database',
-          open
+      onSaveAppSettings,
-          externalSidebarNav
-          desktopSection="fanout"
-          config={baseConfig}
-          health={baseHealth}
-          appSettings={baseSettings}
-          onClose={vi.fn()}
-          onSave={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onSaveAppSettings={onSaveAppSettings}
-          onSetPrivateKey={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onReboot={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onDisconnect={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onReconnect={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onAdvertise={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          meshDiscovery={null}
-          meshDiscoveryLoadingTarget={null}
-          onDiscoverMesh={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onHealthRefresh={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-          onRefreshAppSettings={vi.fn(async () => {})}
-        />
-      );
-      await Promise.resolve();
     });
 
-    expect(api.getFanoutConfigs).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    // Two distinct checkboxes in quick succession.
-    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Integration' })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    const blockClients = screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /Block clients/i });
-    expect(screen.queryByText('Save failed')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    const blockRepeaters = screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /Block repeaters/i });
+
+    fireEvent.click(blockClients);
+    fireEvent.click(blockRepeaters);
+
+    // Wait for the first PATCH to be registered. Only the first should be
+    // in-flight — the second must be queued behind it.
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(deferred.length).toBe(1);
+    });
+    expect(callOrder).toEqual([0]);
+
+    // Resolve the first PATCH. The chain should now dispatch the second.
+    deferred[0].resolve();
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(deferred.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+    expect(callOrder).toEqual([0, 1]);
+
+    // Resolve the second so the test tears down cleanly.
+    deferred[1].resolve();
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(onSaveAppSettings).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    });
   });
 
   it('does not call onClose after save/reboot flows in page mode', async () => {

frontend/src/test/setup.ts

@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ class ResizeObserver {
 
 globalThis.ResizeObserver = ResizeObserver;
 
-// Several components call matchMedia at import time for responsive detection
+// Several components call matchMedia at import time for responsive detection.
+// Use a configurable descriptor so individual tests can override the stub.
 if (typeof globalThis.matchMedia === 'undefined') {
   Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'matchMedia', {
+    configurable: true,
+    writable: true,
     value: (query: string) => ({
       matches: false,
       media: query,

frontend/src/test/statusBar.test.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 import { StatusBar } from '../components/StatusBar';
 import type { HealthStatus } from '../types';
@@ -77,4 +77,57 @@ describe('StatusBar', () => {
     expect(localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-theme')).toBe('original');
     expect(document.documentElement.dataset.theme).toBeUndefined();
   });
+
+  describe('with Follow OS theme saved', () => {
+    const originalMatchMedia = globalThis.matchMedia;
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      globalThis.matchMedia = originalMatchMedia;
+    });
+
+    // Stub matchMedia so prefers-color-scheme: light returns the desired value.
+    const setPrefersLight = (isLight: boolean) => {
+      Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'matchMedia', {
+        configurable: true,
+        value: (query: string) => ({
+          matches: query.includes('light') ? isLight : !isLight,
+          media: query,
+          onchange: null,
+          addListener: () => {},
+          removeListener: () => {},
+          addEventListener: () => {},
+          removeEventListener: () => {},
+          dispatchEvent: () => false,
+        }),
+      });
+    };
+
+    it('clicking toggle while OS prefers dark overrides follow-os into explicit light', () => {
+      setPrefersLight(false);
+      localStorage.setItem('remoteterm-theme', 'follow-os');
+
+      render(<StatusBar health={baseHealth} config={null} onSettingsClick={vi.fn()} />);
+
+      // OS is dark → effective is original → toggle offers "Switch to light theme"
+      const toggle = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Switch to light theme' });
+      fireEvent.click(toggle);
+
+      expect(localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-theme')).toBe('light');
+      expect(document.documentElement.dataset.theme).toBe('light');
+    });
+
+    it('clicking toggle while OS prefers light overrides follow-os into explicit dark', () => {
+      setPrefersLight(true);
+      localStorage.setItem('remoteterm-theme', 'follow-os');
+
+      render(<StatusBar health={baseHealth} config={null} onSettingsClick={vi.fn()} />);
+
+      // OS is light → effective is light → toggle offers "Switch to classic theme"
+      const toggle = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Switch to classic theme' });
+      fireEvent.click(toggle);
+
+      expect(localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-theme')).toBe('original');
+      expect(document.documentElement.dataset.theme).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
 });

frontend/src/test/theme.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import {
+  FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID,
+  THEMES,
+  applyTheme,
+  getEffectiveTheme,
+  getSavedTheme,
+} from '../utils/theme';
+
+const originalMatchMedia = globalThis.matchMedia;
+
+function stubPrefersLight(isLight: boolean) {
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'matchMedia', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: (query: string) => ({
+      matches: query.includes('light') ? isLight : !isLight,
+      media: query,
+      onchange: null,
+      addListener: () => {},
+      removeListener: () => {},
+      addEventListener: () => {},
+      removeEventListener: () => {},
+      dispatchEvent: () => false,
+    }),
+  });
+}
+
+describe('theme module', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    localStorage.clear();
+    delete document.documentElement.dataset.theme;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    globalThis.matchMedia = originalMatchMedia;
+  });
+
+  it('exposes an OS-following theme in the selectable list', () => {
+    const followOS = THEMES.find((t) => t.id === FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    expect(followOS).toBeDefined();
+    expect(followOS?.name).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it('applyTheme("follow-os") resolves to light when OS prefers light', () => {
+    stubPrefersLight(true);
+
+    applyTheme(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+
+    // Saved value is the follow-os preference, but the DOM reflects the resolved theme.
+    expect(localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-theme')).toBe(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    expect(getSavedTheme()).toBe(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    expect(document.documentElement.dataset.theme).toBe('light');
+    expect(getEffectiveTheme()).toBe('light');
+  });
+
+  it('applyTheme("follow-os") resolves to original (dark) when OS prefers dark', () => {
+    stubPrefersLight(false);
+
+    applyTheme(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+
+    expect(localStorage.getItem('remoteterm-theme')).toBe(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    // Original has no data-theme attribute, it's the default.
+    expect(document.documentElement.dataset.theme).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(getEffectiveTheme()).toBe('original');
+  });
+
+  it('applyTheme updates the PWA meta theme-color to match the effective theme', () => {
+    // Seed the meta tag (jsdom base template has none).
+    const meta = document.createElement('meta');
+    meta.setAttribute('name', 'theme-color');
+    meta.setAttribute('content', '#000000');
+    document.head.appendChild(meta);
+
+    stubPrefersLight(true);
+    applyTheme(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    // Light theme's metaThemeColor
+    expect(meta.getAttribute('content')).toBe('#F8F7F4');
+
+    stubPrefersLight(false);
+    applyTheme(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    // Original theme's metaThemeColor
+    expect(meta.getAttribute('content')).toBe('#111419');
+
+    meta.remove();
+  });
+});

frontend/src/test/usePushSubscription.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+import { act, renderHook, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { usePushSubscription } from '../hooks/usePushSubscription';
+
+const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  api: {
+    getPushSubscriptions: vi.fn(),
+    getPushConversations: vi.fn(),
+    getVapidPublicKey: vi.fn(),
+    pushSubscribe: vi.fn(),
+    deletePushSubscription: vi.fn(),
+    togglePushConversation: vi.fn(),
+    testPushSubscription: vi.fn(),
+  },
+  toast: {
+    success: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../api', () => ({
+  api: mocks.api,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/ui/sonner', () => ({
+  toast: mocks.toast,
+}));
+
+function bytesToBase64Url(bytes: number[]): string {
+  return btoa(String.fromCharCode(...bytes))
+    .replace(/\+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/\//g, '_')
+    .replace(/=+$/g, '');
+}
+
+describe('usePushSubscription', () => {
+  const vapidOldBytes = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+  const vapidNewBytes = [5, 6, 7, 8];
+  const oldKey = new Uint8Array(vapidOldBytes).buffer;
+  const newKeyBase64 = bytesToBase64Url(vapidNewBytes);
+
+  let activeSubscription: {
+    endpoint: string;
+    options: { applicationServerKey: ArrayBuffer };
+    toJSON: () => { endpoint: string; keys: { p256dh: string; auth: string } };
+    unsubscribe: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  } | null;
+  let replacementSubscription: {
+    endpoint: string;
+    options: { applicationServerKey: ArrayBuffer };
+    toJSON: () => { endpoint: string; keys: { p256dh: string; auth: string } };
+    unsubscribe: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  let getSubscriptionMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let subscribeMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    activeSubscription = {
+      endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-old',
+      options: { applicationServerKey: oldKey },
+      toJSON: () => ({
+        endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-old',
+        keys: { p256dh: 'p256dh-old', auth: 'auth-old' },
+      }),
+      unsubscribe: vi.fn(async () => {
+        activeSubscription = null;
+        return true;
+      }),
+    };
+
+    replacementSubscription = {
+      endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-new',
+      options: { applicationServerKey: new Uint8Array(vapidNewBytes).buffer },
+      toJSON: () => ({
+        endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-new',
+        keys: { p256dh: 'p256dh-new', auth: 'auth-new' },
+      }),
+      unsubscribe: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    };
+
+    getSubscriptionMock = vi.fn(async () => activeSubscription);
+    subscribeMock = vi.fn(async () => {
+      activeSubscription = replacementSubscription;
+      return replacementSubscription;
+    });
+
+    Object.defineProperty(window, 'isSecureContext', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: true,
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(window, 'PushManager', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: function PushManager() {},
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(window, 'Notification', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: function Notification() {},
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'serviceWorker', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: {
+        ready: Promise.resolve({
+          pushManager: {
+            getSubscription: getSubscriptionMock,
+            subscribe: subscribeMock,
+          },
+        }),
+      },
+    });
+
+    mocks.api.getPushConversations.mockResolvedValue([]);
+    mocks.api.getPushSubscriptions.mockResolvedValue([
+      {
+        id: 'sub-1',
+        endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-old',
+        p256dh: 'p256dh-old',
+        auth: 'auth-old',
+        label: 'Chrome on macOS',
+        created_at: 1,
+        last_success_at: null,
+        failure_count: 0,
+      },
+    ]);
+    mocks.api.getVapidPublicKey.mockResolvedValue({ public_key: newKeyBase64 });
+    mocks.api.pushSubscribe.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'sub-2',
+      endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-new',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('clears currentSubscriptionId when refresh no longer finds this browser on the backend', async () => {
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => usePushSubscription());
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(result.current.currentSubscriptionId).toBe('sub-1');
+      expect(result.current.isSubscribed).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    mocks.api.getPushSubscriptions.mockResolvedValueOnce([]);
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.refreshSubscriptions();
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.currentSubscriptionId).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.current.isSubscribed).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.current.allSubscriptions).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('recreates a stale browser subscription when the server VAPID key changed', async () => {
+    const oldSubscription = activeSubscription;
+    mocks.api.getPushSubscriptions
+      .mockReset()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([
+        {
+          id: 'sub-1',
+          endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-old',
+          p256dh: 'p256dh-old',
+          auth: 'auth-old',
+          label: 'Chrome on macOS',
+          created_at: 1,
+          last_success_at: null,
+          failure_count: 0,
+        },
+      ])
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([
+        {
+          id: 'sub-2',
+          endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-new',
+          p256dh: 'p256dh-new',
+          auth: 'auth-new',
+          label: 'Chrome on macOS',
+          created_at: 2,
+          last_success_at: null,
+          failure_count: 0,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => usePushSubscription());
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(result.current.isSupported).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.subscribe();
+    });
+
+    expect(oldSubscription?.unsubscribe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(activeSubscription).toBe(replacementSubscription);
+    expect(subscribeMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mocks.api.pushSubscribe).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      endpoint: 'https://push.example.test/sub-new',
+      p256dh: 'p256dh-new',
+      auth: 'auth-new',
+      label: expect.any(String),
+    });
+    expect(result.current.currentSubscriptionId).toBe('sub-2');
+  });
+});

frontend/src/types.ts

@@ -355,6 +355,7 @@ export interface AppSettings {
   discovery_blocked_types: number[];
   tracked_telemetry_repeaters: string[];
   auto_resend_channel: boolean;
+  telemetry_interval_hours: number;
 }
 
 export interface AppSettingsUpdate {
@@ -366,11 +367,22 @@ export interface AppSettingsUpdate {
   blocked_keys?: string[];
   blocked_names?: string[];
   discovery_blocked_types?: number[];
+  telemetry_interval_hours?: number;
+}
+
+export interface TelemetrySchedule {
+  preferred_hours: number;
+  effective_hours: number;
+  options: number[];
+  tracked_count: number;
+  max_tracked: number;
+  next_run_at: number | null;
 }
 
 export interface TrackedTelemetryResponse {
   tracked_telemetry_repeaters: string[];
   names: Record<string, string>;
+  schedule: TelemetrySchedule;
 }
 
 /** Contact type constants */
@@ -498,6 +510,17 @@ export interface TelemetryHistoryEntry {
   data: Record<string, number> & { lpp_sensors?: TelemetryLppSensor[] };
 }
 
+export interface PushSubscriptionInfo {
+  id: string;
+  endpoint: string;
+  p256dh: string;
+  auth: string;
+  label: string;
+  created_at: number;
+  last_success_at: number | null;
+  failure_count: number;
+}
+
 export interface TraceResponse {
   remote_snr: number | null;
   local_snr: number | null;

frontend/src/utils/pathUtils.ts

@@ -209,6 +209,37 @@ export function formatRouteLabel(pathLen: number, capitalize: boolean = false):
   return capitalize ? label.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + label.slice(1) : label;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Format the learned direct route for display in route-editing dialogs,
+ * e.g. "2 hops (AE -> F1)", "Direct", or "Flood".
+ */
+export function formatLearnedRouteSummary(contact: Contact): string {
+  const directRoute = getDirectContactRoute(contact);
+  if (!directRoute) {
+    return formatRouteLabel(-1, true);
+  }
+  const hops = parsePathHops(directRoute.path, directRoute.path_len);
+  const label = formatRouteLabel(directRoute.path_len, true);
+  return hops.length > 0 ? `${label} (${hops.join(' -> ')})` : label;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format the forced (override) route for display in route-editing dialogs,
+ * matching the learned-route format. Returns null when no override is set.
+ */
+export function formatForcedRouteSummary(contact: Contact): string | null {
+  if (!hasRoutingOverride(contact)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const effectiveRoute = getEffectiveContactRoute(contact);
+  if (effectiveRoute.pathLen === -1) {
+    return formatRouteLabel(-1, true);
+  }
+  const hops = parsePathHops(effectiveRoute.path, effectiveRoute.pathLen);
+  const label = formatRouteLabel(effectiveRoute.pathLen, true);
+  return hops.length > 0 ? `${label} (${hops.join(' -> ')})` : label;
+}
+
 export function formatRoutingOverrideInput(contact: Contact): string {
   const routeOverride = getRouteOverride(contact);
   if (!routeOverride) {

frontend/src/utils/statusDotPulse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+export const STATUS_DOT_PULSE_CHANGE_EVENT = 'remoteterm-status-dot-pulse-change';
+export const STATUS_DOT_PULSE_PACKET_EVENT = 'remoteterm-status-dot-pulse-packet';
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = 'remoteterm-status-dot-pulse';
+
+export type StatusDotPulseKind = 'channel' | 'dm' | 'advert' | 'other';
+
+export function getStatusDotPulseEnabled(): boolean {
+  try {
+    return localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY) === 'true';
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function setStatusDotPulseEnabled(enabled: boolean): void {
+  try {
+    if (enabled) {
+      localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, 'true');
+    } else {
+      localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // localStorage may be unavailable
+  }
+}
+
+export function payloadTypeToPulseKind(payloadType: string | null | undefined): StatusDotPulseKind {
+  switch (payloadType) {
+    case 'GROUP_TEXT':
+      return 'channel';
+    case 'TEXT_MESSAGE':
+      return 'dm';
+    case 'ADVERT':
+      return 'advert';
+    default:
+      return 'other';
+  }
+}
+
+const PULSE_COLORS: Record<StatusDotPulseKind, string> = {
+  channel: 'hsl(210, 90%, 55%)', // blue
+  dm: 'hsl(270, 75%, 60%)', // purple
+  advert: 'hsl(185, 85%, 55%)', // cyan
+  other: 'hsl(140, 80%, 22%)', // dark green
+};
+
+export function pulseColorFor(kind: StatusDotPulseKind): string {
+  return PULSE_COLORS[kind];
+}
+
+export const STATUS_DOT_PULSE_DURATION_MS = 250;
+
+export function emitStatusDotPulse(payloadType: string | null | undefined): void {
+  const kind = payloadTypeToPulseKind(payloadType);
+  window.dispatchEvent(
+    new CustomEvent<StatusDotPulseKind>(STATUS_DOT_PULSE_PACKET_EVENT, {
+      detail: kind,
+    })
+  );
+}

frontend/src/utils/theme.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ export interface Theme {
 
 export const THEME_CHANGE_EVENT = 'remoteterm-theme-change';
 
+export const FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID = 'follow-os';
+
 export const THEMES: Theme[] = [
   {
     id: 'original',
@@ -22,6 +24,13 @@ export const THEMES: Theme[] = [
     swatches: ['#F8F7F4', '#FFFFFF', '#1B7D4E', '#EDEBE7', '#D97706', '#3B82F6'],
     metaThemeColor: '#F8F7F4',
   },
+  {
+    id: FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID,
+    name: 'OS Light/Dark Mode',
+    // Top row: light theme preview colors; bottom row: original (dark) preview colors
+    swatches: ['#F8F7F4', '#FFFFFF', '#1B7D4E', '#111419', '#181b21', '#27a05c'],
+    metaThemeColor: '#111419',
+  },
   {
     id: 'ios',
     name: 'iPhone',
@@ -94,6 +103,23 @@ export function getSavedTheme(): string {
   }
 }
 
+/** Resolves "Follow OS" to a concrete theme id by inspecting the OS color-scheme preference. */
+function resolveFollowOS(): 'original' | 'light' {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined' || typeof window.matchMedia !== 'function') {
+    return 'original';
+  }
+  return window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches ? 'light' : 'original';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the concrete theme id currently applied to the document.
+ * Unlike getSavedTheme, this resolves 'follow-os' to 'original' or 'light'.
+ */
+export function getEffectiveTheme(): string {
+  const saved = getSavedTheme();
+  return saved === FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID ? resolveFollowOS() : saved;
+}
+
 export function applyTheme(themeId: string): void {
   try {
     localStorage.setItem(THEME_KEY, themeId);
@@ -101,14 +127,16 @@ export function applyTheme(themeId: string): void {
     // localStorage may be unavailable
   }
 
-  if (themeId === 'original') {
+  const effective = themeId === FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID ? resolveFollowOS() : themeId;
+
+  if (effective === 'original') {
     delete document.documentElement.dataset.theme;
   } else {
-    document.documentElement.dataset.theme = themeId;
+    document.documentElement.dataset.theme = effective;
   }
 
-  // Update PWA theme-color meta tag
+  // Update PWA theme-color meta tag — reflect the effective (rendered) theme.
-  const theme = THEMES.find((t) => t.id === themeId);
+  const theme = THEMES.find((t) => t.id === effective);
   if (theme) {
     const meta = document.querySelector('meta[name="theme-color"]');
     if (meta) {
@@ -117,6 +145,33 @@ export function applyTheme(themeId: string): void {
   }
 
   if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+    // Detail is the saved theme id (including 'follow-os'); listeners that need
+    // the rendered appearance should call getEffectiveTheme().
     window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(THEME_CHANGE_EVENT, { detail: themeId }));
   }
 }
+
+let followOSInitialized = false;
+
+/**
+ * Installs a one-time listener on prefers-color-scheme so that when the user is
+ * on "Follow OS", OS appearance changes re-apply the theme. Safe to call once
+ * from app bootstrap.
+ */
+export function initFollowOSListener(): void {
+  if (followOSInitialized) return;
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined' || typeof window.matchMedia !== 'function') return;
+  followOSInitialized = true;
+  const mql = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)');
+  const handler = () => {
+    if (getSavedTheme() === FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID) {
+      applyTheme(FOLLOW_OS_THEME_ID);
+    }
+  };
+  if (typeof mql.addEventListener === 'function') {
+    mql.addEventListener('change', handler);
+  } else if (typeof (mql as MediaQueryList).addListener === 'function') {
+    // Safari < 14 fallback
+    (mql as MediaQueryList).addListener(handler);
+  }
+}

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "remoteterm-meshcore"
-version = "3.11.2"
+version = "3.11.3"
 description = "RemoteTerm - Web interface for MeshCore radio mesh networks"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "aiomqtt>=2.0",
     "apprise>=1.9.8",
     "boto3>=1.38.0",
+    "pywebpush>=0.14.0",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]

tests/conftest.py

@@ -28,13 +28,28 @@ def cleanup_test_db_dir():
 @pytest.fixture
 async def test_db():
     """Create an in-memory test database with schema + migrations."""
-    from app.repository import channels, contacts, messages, raw_packets, settings
+    from app.repository import (
+        channels,
+        contacts,
+        messages,
+        raw_packets,
+        repeater_telemetry,
+        settings,
+    )
     from app.repository import fanout as fanout_repo
 
     db = Database(":memory:")
     await db.connect()
 
-    submodules = [contacts, channels, messages, raw_packets, settings, fanout_repo]
+    submodules = [
+        contacts,
+        channels,
+        messages,
+        raw_packets,
+        settings,
+        fanout_repo,
+        repeater_telemetry,
+    ]
     originals = [(mod, mod.db) for mod in submodules]
 
     for mod in submodules:

tests/test_contacts_router.py

@@ -105,13 +105,15 @@ class TestCreateContact:
         data = response.json()
         assert data["public_key"] == KEY_A
         assert data["name"] == "NewContact"
-        assert data["last_seen"] is not None
+        # Manually created contacts have no RF observation yet, so last_seen
+        # stays NULL until we actually hear them on the air.
+        assert data["last_seen"] is None
 
         # Verify in DB
         contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key(KEY_A)
         assert contact is not None
         assert contact.name == "NewContact"
-        assert data["last_seen"] == contact.last_seen
+        assert contact.last_seen is None
         mock_broadcast.assert_called_once_with("contact", contact.model_dump())
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio

tests/test_event_handlers.py

@@ -1134,12 +1134,14 @@ class TestOnNewContact:
 
             await on_new_contact(MockEvent())
 
-            # Verify contact was created in real DB
+            # Verify contact was created in real DB. NEW_CONTACT is the radio's
+            # stored contact DB, not an RF observation, so last_seen stays NULL
+            # until we actually hear the contact on the air.
             contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("cc" * 32)
             assert contact is not None
             assert contact.name == "Charlie"
             assert contact.on_radio is False
-            assert contact.last_seen == 1700000000
+            assert contact.last_seen is None
 
             mock_broadcast.assert_called_once()
             event_type, contact_data = mock_broadcast.call_args[0]

tests/test_frontend_static.py

@@ -69,7 +69,12 @@ def test_valid_dist_serves_static_and_spa_fallback(tmp_path):
         assert manifest["scope"] == "http://testserver/"
         assert manifest["id"] == "http://testserver/"
         assert manifest["display"] == "standalone"
-        assert manifest["icons"][0]["src"] == "http://testserver/web-app-manifest-192x192.png"
+        icon_srcs = {icon["src"] for icon in manifest["icons"]}
+        assert "http://testserver/web-app-manifest-192x192.png" in icon_srcs
+        assert "http://testserver/web-app-manifest-512x512.png" in icon_srcs
+        # SVG icons cause inconsistent PWA icon rendering on iOS; the manifest
+        # must be PNG-only.
+        assert all(icon["type"] == "image/png" for icon in manifest["icons"])
 
         file_response = client.get("/robots.txt")
         assert file_response.status_code == 200
@@ -152,7 +157,9 @@ def test_webmanifest_includes_forwarded_prefix(tmp_path):
         assert data["start_url"] == expected_base
         assert data["scope"] == expected_base
         assert data["id"] == expected_base
-        assert data["icons"][0]["src"] == f"{expected_base}web-app-manifest-192x192.png"
+        icon_srcs = {icon["src"] for icon in data["icons"]}
+        assert f"{expected_base}web-app-manifest-192x192.png" in icon_srcs
+        assert f"{expected_base}web-app-manifest-512x512.png" in icon_srcs
 
 
 def test_first_available_prefers_dist_over_prebuilt(tmp_path):

tests/test_map_upload.py

@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ class TestLiveSend:
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_live_send_defaults_to_map_url(self):
-        """Empty api_url should default to the map.meshcore.dev endpoint."""
+        """Empty api_url should default to the map.meshcore.io endpoint."""
         mod = _make_module({"dry_run": False, "api_url": ""})
         await mod.start()
 

tests/test_migrations/conftest.py

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 # run ``run_migrations`` to completion assert ``get_version == LATEST`` and
 # ``applied == LATEST - starting_version`` so only this constant needs to
 # change, not every individual assertion.
-LATEST_SCHEMA_VERSION = 56
+LATEST_SCHEMA_VERSION = 58

tests/test_packets_router.py

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class TestUndecryptedTextPacketStreaming:
             [],
         ]
 
-        async def fake_execute(*_args, **_kwargs):
+        def fake_execute(*_args, **_kwargs):
             batch = batches.pop(0)
 
             class FakeCursor:
@@ -332,6 +332,16 @@ class TestUndecryptedTextPacketStreaming:
                 async def close(self):
                     pass
 
+                async def __aenter__(self):
+                    return self
+
+                async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+                    return None
+
+            # aiosqlite's execute() returns a `contextmanager`-decorated
+            # coroutine that is both awaitable and usable as an async-with.
+            # Our repo code now uses `async with conn.execute(...) as cursor:`,
+            # so the mock just needs to return something with __aenter__/__aexit__.
             return FakeCursor()
 
         with patch.object(test_db.conn, "execute", side_effect=fake_execute):

tests/test_push_send.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Tests for Web Push delivery transport behavior."""
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+import requests
+
+from app.push.send import (
+    DEFAULT_PUSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+    DEFAULT_PUSH_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+    IPV4_FALLBACK_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+    IPv4HTTPAdapter,
+    send_push,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_send_push_prefers_default_dual_stack_session_before_any_ipv4_fallback():
+    """Successful sends should use the normal requests transport without forcing IPv4."""
+    captured_kwargs: dict = {}
+
+    def fake_webpush(**kwargs):
+        captured_kwargs.update(kwargs)
+        return SimpleNamespace(status_code=201)
+
+    with patch("app.push.send.webpush", side_effect=fake_webpush):
+        status = await send_push(
+            subscription_info={"endpoint": "https://push.example.test", "keys": {}},
+            payload='{"message":"hello"}',
+            vapid_private_key="private-key",
+            vapid_claims={"sub": "mailto:test@example.com"},
+        )
+
+    assert status == 201
+    session = captured_kwargs["requests_session"]
+    assert not isinstance(session.adapters["https://"], IPv4HTTPAdapter)
+    assert captured_kwargs["timeout"] == (
+        DEFAULT_PUSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+        DEFAULT_PUSH_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_send_push_retries_with_ipv4_session_after_connect_timeout():
+    """Connect failures should retry through the isolated IPv4-only transport."""
+    calls: list[dict] = []
+
+    def fake_webpush(**kwargs):
+        calls.append(kwargs)
+        if len(calls) == 1:
+            raise requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout("ipv6 connect timed out")
+        return SimpleNamespace(status_code=201)
+
+    with patch("app.push.send.webpush", side_effect=fake_webpush):
+        status = await send_push(
+            subscription_info={"endpoint": "https://push.example.test", "keys": {}},
+            payload='{"message":"hello"}',
+            vapid_private_key="private-key",
+            vapid_claims={"sub": "mailto:test@example.com"},
+        )
+
+    assert status == 201
+    assert len(calls) == 2
+    assert not isinstance(calls[0]["requests_session"].adapters["https://"], IPv4HTTPAdapter)
+    assert isinstance(calls[1]["requests_session"].adapters["https://"], IPv4HTTPAdapter)
+    assert calls[0]["timeout"] == (
+        DEFAULT_PUSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+        DEFAULT_PUSH_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+    )
+    assert calls[1]["timeout"] == (
+        IPV4_FALLBACK_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+        DEFAULT_PUSH_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+    )

tests/test_radio_sync.py

@@ -377,14 +377,22 @@ class TestSyncRecentContactsToRadio:
         assert result["loaded"] == 2
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_fills_remaining_slots_with_recently_contacted_then_advertised(self, test_db):
+    async def test_fills_remaining_slots_with_dm_active_then_advertised(self, test_db):
-        """Fill order is favorites, then recent contacts, then recent adverts."""
+        """Fill order is favorites, then DM-active contacts, then recent adverts."""
-        await _insert_contact(KEY_A, "Alice", last_contacted=100)
+        await _insert_contact(KEY_A, "Alice")
-        await _insert_contact(KEY_B, "Bob", last_contacted=2000)
+        await _insert_contact(KEY_B, "Bob")
-        await _insert_contact("cc" * 32, "Carol", last_contacted=1000)
+        await _insert_contact("cc" * 32, "Carol")
         await _insert_contact("dd" * 32, "Dave", last_advert=3000)
         await _insert_contact("ee" * 32, "Eve", last_advert=2500)
 
+        # Create DM activity for Alice (oldest), Bob (most recent), Carol (middle)
+        for key, ts in [(KEY_A, 100), (KEY_B, 2000), ("cc" * 32, 1000)]:
+            await test_db.conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, received_at) VALUES ('PRIV', ?, 'hi', ?)",
+                (key, ts),
+            )
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
+
         await AppSettingsRepository.update(max_radio_contacts=5)
         await ContactRepository.set_favorite(KEY_A, True)
 
@@ -401,6 +409,7 @@ class TestSyncRecentContactsToRadio:
         loaded_keys = [
             call.args[0]["public_key"] for call in mock_mc.commands.add_contact.call_args_list
         ]
+        # Alice (favorite), then Bob & Carol (DM-active, most recent first), then Dave (advert)
         assert loaded_keys == [KEY_A, KEY_B, "cc" * 32, "dd" * 32]
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -509,8 +518,15 @@ class TestSyncAndOffloadAll:
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_duplicate_favorite_not_loaded_twice(self, test_db):
         """Duplicate favorite entries still load the contact only once."""
-        await _insert_contact(KEY_A, "Alice", last_contacted=2000)
+        await _insert_contact(KEY_A, "Alice")
-        await _insert_contact(KEY_B, "Bob", last_contacted=1000)
+        await _insert_contact(KEY_B, "Bob")
+
+        # Bob has DM activity so he appears in tier 2
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, received_at) VALUES ('PRIV', ?, 'hi', 1000)",
+            (KEY_B,),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
 
         await AppSettingsRepository.update(max_radio_contacts=2)
         await ContactRepository.set_favorite(KEY_A, True)
@@ -1862,3 +1878,401 @@ class TestCollectRepeaterTelemetryLpp:
             await _collect_repeater_telemetry(mc, contact)
 
         assert "lpp_sensors" not in recorded_data
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _telemetry_collect_loop — UTC modulo scheduler
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestTelemetryCollectSchedulerDecision:
+    """Verify the scheduler's run/skip decision at an hourly wake.
+
+    We test the decision logic by stubbing the sleep + datetime functions
+    and asserting ``_run_telemetry_cycle`` is called exactly on matching
+    hours. Full end-to-end of the loop is covered implicitly by the
+    existing telemetry-collect tests; what we're pinning here is the
+    hour-modulo gate the new scheduler depends on.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_skips_when_hour_modulo_mismatch(self):
+        """At 09:00 UTC with interval 8h, the loop must NOT run a cycle."""
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+        from app import radio_sync
+        from app.models import AppSettings
+
+        settings = AppSettings(
+            tracked_telemetry_repeaters=["aa" * 32],
+            telemetry_interval_hours=8,
+        )
+        ran = False
+
+        async def fake_cycle():
+            nonlocal ran
+            ran = True
+
+        def make_fake_datetime(hour: int):
+            class FakeDatetime:
+                @classmethod
+                def now(cls, tz=None):
+                    import datetime as real_datetime
+
+                    return real_datetime.datetime(2026, 4, 16, hour, 0, 0, tzinfo=real_datetime.UTC)
+
+            return FakeDatetime
+
+        sleep_count = 0
+
+        async def fake_sleep(_duration):
+            # The loop does: (1) initial-delay sleep, (2) sleep-to-top-of-hour,
+            # then evaluates the run/skip decision. Allow both sleeps to
+            # pass, then cancel on the 3rd (next iteration's top-of-hour sleep).
+            nonlocal sleep_count
+            sleep_count += 1
+            if sleep_count >= 3:
+                raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+                new_callable=AsyncMock,
+                return_value=settings,
+            ),
+            patch("app.radio_sync._run_telemetry_cycle", new=fake_cycle),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.asyncio.sleep", new=fake_sleep),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.datetime", new=make_fake_datetime(9)),
+        ):
+            try:
+                await radio_sync._telemetry_collect_loop()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+
+        assert ran is False, "09:00 UTC is not a multiple of 8h; cycle must not run"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_runs_when_hour_modulo_matches(self):
+        """At 16:00 UTC with interval 8h, the loop must run a cycle."""
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+        from app import radio_sync
+        from app.models import AppSettings
+
+        settings = AppSettings(
+            tracked_telemetry_repeaters=["aa" * 32],
+            telemetry_interval_hours=8,
+        )
+        ran = False
+
+        async def fake_cycle():
+            nonlocal ran
+            ran = True
+
+        class FakeDatetime:
+            @classmethod
+            def now(cls, tz=None):
+                import datetime as real_datetime
+
+                return real_datetime.datetime(2026, 4, 16, 16, 0, 0, tzinfo=real_datetime.UTC)
+
+        sleep_count = 0
+
+        async def fake_sleep(_duration):
+            # Let the loop's initial-delay + top-of-hour sleeps pass; cancel
+            # on the third sleep (next iteration's top-of-hour wake).
+            nonlocal sleep_count
+            sleep_count += 1
+            if sleep_count >= 3:
+                raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+                new_callable=AsyncMock,
+                return_value=settings,
+            ),
+            patch("app.radio_sync._run_telemetry_cycle", new=fake_cycle),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.asyncio.sleep", new=fake_sleep),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.datetime", new=FakeDatetime),
+        ):
+            try:
+                await radio_sync._telemetry_collect_loop()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+
+        assert ran is True, "16:00 UTC is a multiple of 8h; cycle must run"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_skips_when_no_repeaters_tracked(self):
+        """Empty tracked list short-circuits regardless of modulo match."""
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+        from app import radio_sync
+        from app.models import AppSettings
+
+        settings = AppSettings(tracked_telemetry_repeaters=[], telemetry_interval_hours=8)
+        ran = False
+
+        async def fake_cycle():
+            nonlocal ran
+            ran = True
+
+        class FakeDatetime:
+            @classmethod
+            def now(cls, tz=None):
+                import datetime as real_datetime
+
+                return real_datetime.datetime(2026, 4, 16, 16, 0, 0, tzinfo=real_datetime.UTC)
+
+        sleep_count = 0
+
+        async def fake_sleep(_duration):
+            # Let the loop's initial-delay + top-of-hour sleeps pass; cancel
+            # on the third sleep (next iteration's top-of-hour wake).
+            nonlocal sleep_count
+            sleep_count += 1
+            if sleep_count >= 3:
+                raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+                new_callable=AsyncMock,
+                return_value=settings,
+            ),
+            patch("app.radio_sync._run_telemetry_cycle", new=fake_cycle),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.asyncio.sleep", new=fake_sleep),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.datetime", new=FakeDatetime),
+        ):
+            try:
+                await radio_sync._telemetry_collect_loop()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+
+        assert ran is False, "No tracked repeaters: no cycle regardless of hour"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_runs_on_boundary_immediately_after_initial_delay(self):
+        """Regression test: if the post-boot initial delay finishes inside a
+        matching hour, the cycle must run even if the first
+        sleep-to-next-top-of-hour would otherwise carry us past the boundary.
+
+        Scenario: server starts at 23:59:30 UTC with a 24-hour interval. The
+        60-second boot guard pushes the first check into 00:00:30 — a matching
+        hour that we must NOT skip. Before the fix, the loop went straight to
+        sleeping until 01:00 and then failing the modulo, missing the entire
+        day's only scheduled collection.
+        """
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+        from app import radio_sync
+        from app.models import AppSettings
+
+        settings = AppSettings(
+            tracked_telemetry_repeaters=["aa" * 32],
+            telemetry_interval_hours=24,  # daily cadence; only matching hour is 00
+        )
+        ran = False
+
+        async def fake_cycle():
+            nonlocal ran
+            ran = True
+
+        class FakeDatetime:
+            @classmethod
+            def now(cls, tz=None):
+                import datetime as real_datetime
+
+                # Simulates "initial delay just ended at 00:00:30 UTC on a
+                # restart that began at 23:59:30." Without the post-boot
+                # boundary check, the loop would have skipped this.
+                return real_datetime.datetime(2026, 4, 16, 0, 0, 30, tzinfo=real_datetime.UTC)
+
+        sleep_count = 0
+
+        async def fake_sleep(_duration):
+            # Let the initial delay pass, then cancel before the first
+            # top-of-hour sleep so we isolate the post-boot check as the
+            # only opportunity to run.
+            nonlocal sleep_count
+            sleep_count += 1
+            if sleep_count >= 2:
+                raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+                new_callable=AsyncMock,
+                return_value=settings,
+            ),
+            patch("app.radio_sync._run_telemetry_cycle", new=fake_cycle),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.asyncio.sleep", new=fake_sleep),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.datetime", new=FakeDatetime),
+        ):
+            try:
+                await radio_sync._telemetry_collect_loop()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+
+        assert ran is True, (
+            "Post-boot check must fire the due 00:00 cycle; otherwise a "
+            "restart near midnight suppresses the whole day's collection."
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_clamps_up_when_preferred_illegal_for_current_count(self):
+        """5 tracked repeaters with saved pref 1h: scheduler should use 6h.
+
+        At 02:00 UTC: 2 % 6 == 2 (not a run), so cycle must not fire.
+        If clamping were skipped, 2 % 1 == 0 and cycle would incorrectly run.
+        """
+        from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+        from app import radio_sync
+        from app.models import AppSettings
+
+        settings = AppSettings(
+            tracked_telemetry_repeaters=["aa" * 32] * 5,
+            telemetry_interval_hours=1,  # illegal at N=5; shortest legal is 6h
+        )
+        ran = False
+
+        async def fake_cycle():
+            nonlocal ran
+            ran = True
+
+        class FakeDatetime:
+            @classmethod
+            def now(cls, tz=None):
+                import datetime as real_datetime
+
+                return real_datetime.datetime(2026, 4, 16, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=real_datetime.UTC)
+
+        sleep_count = 0
+
+        async def fake_sleep(_duration):
+            # Let the loop's initial-delay + top-of-hour sleeps pass; cancel
+            # on the third sleep (next iteration's top-of-hour wake).
+            nonlocal sleep_count
+            sleep_count += 1
+            if sleep_count >= 3:
+                raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+                new_callable=AsyncMock,
+                return_value=settings,
+            ),
+            patch("app.radio_sync._run_telemetry_cycle", new=fake_cycle),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.asyncio.sleep", new=fake_sleep),
+            patch("app.radio_sync.datetime", new=FakeDatetime),
+        ):
+            try:
+                await radio_sync._telemetry_collect_loop()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+
+        assert ran is False, (
+            "Clamping to 6h must prevent the 02:00 run that 1h cadence would've triggered"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync — DM-active prioritization
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestContactSelectionDmActive:
+    """Verify that tier 2 prioritizes contacts with recent DM activity."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_incoming_dm_contact_selected_over_advert_only(self, test_db):
+        """A contact who sent us a DM should be prioritized over one who only advertised."""
+        from app.radio_sync import get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync
+
+        # Create two non-repeater contacts
+        dm_sender_key = "aa" * 32
+        advert_only_key = "bb" * 32
+
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type, last_seen, last_advert) VALUES (?, ?, 1, 100, 100)",
+            (dm_sender_key, "DM Sender"),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type, last_seen, last_advert) VALUES (?, ?, 1, 200, 200)",
+            (advert_only_key, "Advert Only"),
+        )
+
+        # DM Sender sent us a message (incoming DM)
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, received_at) VALUES ('PRIV', ?, 'hello', 300)",
+            (dm_sender_key,),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
+
+        with patch(
+            "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+            new_callable=AsyncMock,
+            return_value=MagicMock(max_radio_contacts=200, tracked_telemetry_repeaters=[]),
+        ):
+            selected = await get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync()
+
+        keys = [c.public_key for c in selected]
+        assert dm_sender_key in keys
+        assert advert_only_key in keys
+        # DM Sender should come before Advert Only (tier 2 before tier 3)
+        assert keys.index(dm_sender_key) < keys.index(advert_only_key)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_outgoing_dm_contact_also_selected(self, test_db):
+        """A contact we sent a DM to should also appear via DM-active tier."""
+        from app.radio_sync import get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync
+
+        contact_key = "cc" * 32
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type) VALUES (?, ?, 1)",
+            (contact_key, "Outgoing Target"),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, received_at, outgoing) VALUES ('PRIV', ?, 'hey', 300, 1)",
+            (contact_key,),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
+
+        with patch(
+            "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+            new_callable=AsyncMock,
+            return_value=MagicMock(max_radio_contacts=200, tracked_telemetry_repeaters=[]),
+        ):
+            selected = await get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync()
+
+        keys = [c.public_key for c in selected]
+        assert contact_key in keys
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_repeaters_excluded_from_dm_active_tier(self, test_db):
+        """Repeater contacts should not appear in tier 2 even with DM activity."""
+        from app.radio_sync import get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync
+
+        repeater_key = "dd" * 32
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type) VALUES (?, ?, 2)",
+            (repeater_key, "Repeater"),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, received_at) VALUES ('PRIV', ?, 'cmd', 300)",
+            (repeater_key,),
+        )
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
+
+        with patch(
+            "app.radio_sync.AppSettingsRepository.get",
+            new_callable=AsyncMock,
+            return_value=MagicMock(max_radio_contacts=200, tracked_telemetry_repeaters=[]),
+        ):
+            selected = await get_contacts_selected_for_radio_sync()
+
+        keys = [c.public_key for c in selected]
+        assert repeater_key not in keys

tests/test_repository.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 """Tests for repository layer."""
 
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
 from app.models import Contact, ContactUpsert
 from app.repository import (
+    AppSettingsRepository,
     ContactAdvertPathRepository,
     ContactNameHistoryRepository,
     ContactRepository,
@@ -613,37 +614,103 @@ class TestAppSettingsRepository:
     """Test AppSettingsRepository parsing and migration edge cases."""
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_get_handles_corrupted_json_and_invalid_sort_order(self):
+    async def test_get_handles_corrupted_json_and_invalid_sort_order(self, test_db):
-        """Corrupted JSON fields are recovered with safe defaults."""
+        """Corrupted JSON fields are recovered with safe defaults.
-        mock_conn = AsyncMock()
+
-        mock_cursor = AsyncMock()
+        Uses the real DB so it exercises the lock-aware path. We stuff
-        mock_cursor.fetchone = AsyncMock(
+        malformed JSON directly into the row, then verify ``get()`` recovers
-            return_value={
+        with defaults rather than propagating a parse error.
-                "max_radio_contacts": 250,
+        """
-                "auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert": 1,
+        await test_db.conn.execute(
-                "last_message_times": "{also-not-json",
+            """
-                "advert_interval": None,
+            UPDATE app_settings
-                "last_advert_time": None,
+            SET max_radio_contacts = 250,
-                "flood_scope": "",
+                auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert = 1,
-                "blocked_keys": "[]",
+                last_message_times = '{also-not-json',
-                "blocked_names": "[]",
+                advert_interval = NULL,
-                "discovery_blocked_types": "[]",
+                last_advert_time = NULL,
-            }
+                flood_scope = '',
+                blocked_keys = '[]',
+                blocked_names = '[]',
+                discovery_blocked_types = '[]'
+            WHERE id = 1
+            """
         )
-        mock_conn.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_cursor)
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_db.conn = mock_conn
 
-        with patch("app.repository.settings.db", mock_db):
+        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
-            from app.repository import AppSettingsRepository
-
-            settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
 
         assert settings.max_radio_contacts == 250
         assert settings.last_message_times == {}
         assert settings.advert_interval == 0
         assert settings.last_advert_time == 0
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_in_conn_tolerates_missing_columns(self):
+        """Defend against partial migrations where columns added by later
+        migrations are absent from the row.
+
+        Real DBs can't produce this state (schema init + migrations always
+        run to the latest version on startup), but hand-rolled snapshots,
+        external DB tools, or interrupted migrations might. The
+        ``KeyError``-catching branches in ``_get_in_conn`` exist specifically
+        to guarantee graceful degradation.
+
+        We test these directly by mocking the connection boundary with a
+        dict-backed row that mimics a pre-migration snapshot missing:
+        - ``tracked_telemetry_repeaters`` (migration 53)
+        - ``auto_resend_channel`` (migration 54)
+        - ``telemetry_interval_hours`` (migration 57)
+        """
+        from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+        from app.telemetry_interval import DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+
+        # sqlite3.Row raises KeyError for missing columns when accessed by
+        # name, which is what we want to simulate. We mimic that here with a
+        # dict-backed object whose __getitem__ raises KeyError for absent
+        # keys (dict.__getitem__ already does this).
+        class PartialRow(dict):
+            def keys(self):  # pragma: no cover - aiosqlite.Row compat
+                return super().keys()
+
+        partial_row = PartialRow(
+            {
+                "max_radio_contacts": 123,
+                "auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert": 1,
+                "last_message_times": "{}",
+                "advert_interval": 0,
+                "last_advert_time": 0,
+                "flood_scope": "",
+                "blocked_keys": "[]",
+                "blocked_names": "[]",
+                "discovery_blocked_types": "[]",
+                # intentionally missing: tracked_telemetry_repeaters,
+                # auto_resend_channel, telemetry_interval_hours
+            }
+        )
+
+        class FakeCursor:
+            async def fetchone(self):
+                return partial_row
+
+            async def __aenter__(self):
+                return self
+
+            async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+                return None
+
+        mock_conn = MagicMock()
+        mock_conn.execute = MagicMock(return_value=FakeCursor())
+
+        settings = await AppSettingsRepository._get_in_conn(mock_conn)
+
+        assert settings.max_radio_contacts == 123
+        # Missing-column defaults kick in:
+        assert settings.tracked_telemetry_repeaters == []
+        assert settings.auto_resend_channel is False
+        assert settings.telemetry_interval_hours == DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+
 
 class TestMessageRepositoryGetById:
     """Test MessageRepository.get_by_id method."""
@@ -697,3 +764,126 @@ class TestContactRepositoryUpsertContracts:
         assert contact.name == "Bob"
         assert contact.type == 2
         assert contact.on_radio is True
+
+
+class TestContactRepositoryLastSeenSemantics:
+    """Guard the 'last_seen = last RF reception' contract.
+
+    Radio-driven contact-DB syncs must not clobber an earlier real RF timestamp,
+    and callers that don't supply last_seen must leave the existing value alone.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_upsert_without_last_seen_preserves_existing(self, test_db):
+        real_rf_observation = 1_700_000_000
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(
+                public_key="aa" * 32,
+                name="Alice",
+                type=1,
+                last_seen=real_rf_observation,
+                on_radio=False,
+            )
+        )
+
+        # A subsequent radio-sync style upsert (no last_seen supplied) must not
+        # overwrite the real RF timestamp with now().
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, name="Alice", type=1, on_radio=False)
+        )
+
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == real_rf_observation
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_upsert_monotonically_bumps_last_seen(self, test_db):
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, last_seen=1_700_000_000, on_radio=False)
+        )
+
+        # Newer RF observation advances last_seen.
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, last_seen=1_700_000_500, on_radio=False)
+        )
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_500
+
+        # An older timestamp (out-of-order arrival) must not move it backwards.
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, last_seen=1_699_999_000, on_radio=False)
+        )
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_500
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_upsert_inserts_null_last_seen_when_not_supplied(self, test_db):
+        # A radio-sync-only contact (never heard on RF) should have last_seen=NULL.
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, name="Alice", type=1, on_radio=False)
+        )
+
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_touch_last_seen_bumps_monotonically(self, test_db):
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, last_seen=1_700_000_000, on_radio=False)
+        )
+
+        await ContactRepository.touch_last_seen("aa" * 32, 1_700_000_500)
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_500
+
+        # Older timestamps never move last_seen backwards.
+        await ContactRepository.touch_last_seen("aa" * 32, 1_699_999_000)
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_500
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_update_last_contacted_does_not_touch_last_seen(self, test_db):
+        # last_contacted = we sent TO them. It must not forge RF reception.
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, last_seen=1_700_000_000, on_radio=False)
+        )
+
+        await ContactRepository.update_last_contacted("aa" * 32, 1_700_500_000)
+
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_contacted == 1_700_500_000
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_000
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_update_direct_path_bumps_last_seen_monotonically(self, test_db):
+        # update_direct_path is driven by RF PATH reception on both callers
+        # (packet processor + firmware PATH_UPDATE, which only fires from
+        # onContactPathRecv during RF reception). It should advance last_seen
+        # forward-only.
+        await ContactRepository.upsert(
+            ContactUpsert(public_key="aa" * 32, last_seen=1_700_000_000, on_radio=False)
+        )
+
+        await ContactRepository.update_direct_path(
+            "aa" * 32, path="ab", path_len=1, path_hash_mode=0, updated_at=1_700_000_500
+        )
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_500
+        assert contact.direct_path == "ab"
+
+        # Out-of-order PATH arrival with an older timestamp must not rewind.
+        await ContactRepository.update_direct_path(
+            "aa" * 32, path="cd", path_len=1, path_hash_mode=0, updated_at=1_699_999_000
+        )
+        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key("aa" * 32)
+        assert contact is not None
+        assert contact.last_seen == 1_700_000_500
+        # The path itself still updates — only last_seen is monotonic-guarded.
+        assert contact.direct_path == "cd"

tests/test_settings_router.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from app.routers.settings import (
     AppSettingsUpdate,
     FavoriteRequest,
     TrackedTelemetryRequest,
+    get_telemetry_schedule,
     toggle_favorite,
     toggle_tracked_telemetry,
     update_settings,
@@ -244,3 +245,88 @@ class TestToggleTrackedTelemetry:
         result = await toggle_tracked_telemetry(TrackedTelemetryRequest(public_key=keys[0]))
         assert keys[0] not in result.tracked_telemetry_repeaters
         assert len(result.tracked_telemetry_repeaters) == 7
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_toggle_response_includes_schedule(self, test_db):
+        """After toggle, response must carry the schedule derivation so the UI
+        can update the interval dropdown without a follow-up fetch."""
+        key = "aa" * 32
+        await self._create_repeater(key)
+
+        result = await toggle_tracked_telemetry(TrackedTelemetryRequest(public_key=key))
+
+        assert result.schedule.tracked_count == 1
+        # N=1 unlocks the full menu including 1h
+        assert 1 in result.schedule.options
+        assert result.schedule.max_tracked == 8
+
+
+class TestTelemetryIntervalValidation:
+    """PATCH /settings validation for telemetry_interval_hours."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_accepts_valid_interval(self, test_db):
+        result = await update_settings(AppSettingsUpdate(telemetry_interval_hours=4))
+        assert result.telemetry_interval_hours == 4
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_invalid_interval_falls_back_to_default(self, test_db):
+        """Non-menu values are defaulted rather than 400-ing to keep stale
+        clients from getting stuck on a save error."""
+        result = await update_settings(AppSettingsUpdate(telemetry_interval_hours=99))
+        assert result.telemetry_interval_hours == 8  # DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_preference_is_preserved_even_when_illegal_for_count(self, test_db):
+        """User picks 1h at N=5 tracked: stored pref must stay 1h. Scheduler
+        handles the clamping at run time; storage is verbatim."""
+        # Seed 5 tracked repeaters
+        keys = [f"{i:02x}" * 32 for i in range(5)]
+        for k in keys:
+            await ContactRepository.upsert(
+                ContactUpsert(public_key=k, name=f"R{k[:4]}", type=CONTACT_TYPE_REPEATER)
+            )
+        await AppSettingsRepository.update(tracked_telemetry_repeaters=keys)
+
+        result = await update_settings(AppSettingsUpdate(telemetry_interval_hours=1))
+        assert result.telemetry_interval_hours == 1
+
+        # But the GET schedule endpoint should report the clamped effective value.
+        schedule = await get_telemetry_schedule()
+        assert schedule.preferred_hours == 1
+        assert schedule.effective_hours == 6  # N=5 -> shortest legal = 6h
+
+
+class TestTelemetryScheduleEndpoint:
+    """GET /settings/tracked-telemetry/schedule."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_schedule_with_no_tracked_repeaters(self, test_db):
+        """No tracked repeaters means nothing to schedule; next_run_at is None.
+
+        At N=0 the clamp helper returns the default 8h, which is a fine
+        display value for an empty state. Options start at 8h for the same
+        reason — any lower shortest-legal only makes sense once the user
+        has at least one repeater tracked.
+        """
+        schedule = await get_telemetry_schedule()
+
+        assert schedule.tracked_count == 0
+        assert schedule.next_run_at is None
+        # At N=0 shortest-legal defaults to 8h.
+        assert schedule.options == [8, 12, 24]
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_schedule_filters_options_by_tracked_count(self, test_db):
+        keys = [f"{i:02x}" * 32 for i in range(5)]
+        for k in keys:
+            await ContactRepository.upsert(
+                ContactUpsert(public_key=k, name=f"R{k[:4]}", type=CONTACT_TYPE_REPEATER)
+            )
+        await AppSettingsRepository.update(tracked_telemetry_repeaters=keys)
+
+        schedule = await get_telemetry_schedule()
+
+        assert schedule.tracked_count == 5
+        assert schedule.options == [6, 8, 12, 24]
+        assert schedule.next_run_at is not None

tests/test_statistics.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import time
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -353,13 +353,21 @@ class TestPathHashWidthStats:
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_path_hash_width_scan_fetches_all_then_buckets(self, test_db):
-        """Hash-width stats should fetchall() then bucket synchronously."""
+        """Hash-width stats should fetchall() then bucket synchronously.
 
-        fake_rows = [{"data": b"a"}, {"data": b"b"}, {"data": b"c"}]
+        Uses real DB rows + a patched parser so it exercises the lock-aware
+        readonly path. Mocking ``conn.execute`` on the pre-refactor code no
+        longer reflects the actual call pattern (we use ``async with``).
+        """
 
-        class FakeCursor:
+        now = int(time.time())
-            async def fetchall(self):
+        # Seed three raw packets in the last 24h with arbitrary distinguishing bytes.
-                return fake_rows
+        for i, data in enumerate((b"a", b"b", b"c")):
+            await test_db.conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO raw_packets (timestamp, data) VALUES (?, ?)",
+                (now - (i + 1), data),
+            )
+        await test_db.conn.commit()
 
         def fake_parse(raw_packet: bytes):
             hash_sizes = {
@@ -372,10 +380,7 @@ class TestPathHashWidthStats:
                 return None
             return SimpleNamespace(hash_size=hash_size)
 
-        with (
+        with patch("app.path_utils.parse_packet_envelope", side_effect=fake_parse):
-            patch.object(test_db.conn, "execute", new=AsyncMock(return_value=FakeCursor())),
-            patch("app.path_utils.parse_packet_envelope", side_effect=fake_parse),
-        ):
             breakdown = await StatisticsRepository._path_hash_width_24h()
 
         assert breakdown["total_packets"] == 3

tests/test_telemetry_interval.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Tests for the telemetry interval math helpers.
+
+These helpers back both the PATCH validation and the scheduler clamping,
+so regressions here silently corrupt cadence for every operator. Keep this
+suite fast, pure, and focused on the boundary values in the N=1..8 table.
+"""
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timezone
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.telemetry_interval import (
+    DAILY_CHECK_CEILING,
+    DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS,
+    TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS,
+    clamp_telemetry_interval,
+    legal_interval_options,
+    next_run_timestamp_utc,
+    shortest_legal_interval_hours,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("n", "expected_hours"),
+    [
+        (1, 1),
+        (2, 2),
+        (3, 3),
+        (4, 4),
+        (5, 6),
+        (6, 6),
+        (7, 8),
+        (8, 8),
+    ],
+)
+def test_shortest_legal_interval_table(n: int, expected_hours: int):
+    """The N=1..8 table must match the user-facing design exactly."""
+    assert shortest_legal_interval_hours(n) == expected_hours
+
+
+def test_shortest_legal_interval_above_ceiling_falls_back_to_24h():
+    # Not reachable today (max 8 tracked), but verify the math terminates
+    # gracefully if the limit is ever raised above DAILY_CHECK_CEILING.
+    assert shortest_legal_interval_hours(DAILY_CHECK_CEILING + 1) == 24
+
+
+def test_shortest_legal_interval_zero_returns_default():
+    # No repeaters tracked: loop skips the cycle regardless, but the math
+    # must terminate with a sane value (otherwise div-by-zero).
+    assert shortest_legal_interval_hours(0) == DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+
+
+def test_clamp_respects_user_pref_when_legal():
+    # User picks 2h with N=2 tracked -> 2h is the shortest legal, keep it.
+    assert clamp_telemetry_interval(2, 2) == 2
+
+
+def test_clamp_pushes_up_when_pref_illegal():
+    # User picked 1h, then grew to 5 tracked. 5 repeaters' shortest legal is
+    # 6h, so the scheduler should be using 6h while the saved pref is still 1.
+    assert clamp_telemetry_interval(1, 5) == 6
+
+
+def test_clamp_unrecognized_value_falls_back_to_default():
+    # A malformed saved value (e.g. from a hand-edited DB row) should default,
+    # not error. Default 8h still gets clamped up if illegal for N.
+    assert clamp_telemetry_interval(99, 1) == DEFAULT_TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_HOURS
+
+
+def test_clamp_preserves_longer_than_shortest_legal():
+    # 24h is always legal at any N.
+    assert clamp_telemetry_interval(24, 8) == 24
+
+
+def test_legal_options_filters_menu():
+    assert legal_interval_options(5) == [6, 8, 12, 24]
+    assert legal_interval_options(1) == list(TELEMETRY_INTERVAL_OPTIONS_HOURS)
+    assert legal_interval_options(8) == [8, 12, 24]
+
+
+def test_next_run_is_strictly_future_even_on_boundary():
+    # Exactly at a matching top-of-hour (8:00 UTC with interval=8), we want
+    # the *next* one (16:00), never "now". Prevents a double-run in the same
+    # minute if code mishandles equality.
+    now = datetime(2026, 4, 16, 8, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    result = next_run_timestamp_utc(8, now=now)
+    expected = datetime(2026, 4, 16, 16, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    assert result == int(expected.timestamp())
+
+
+def test_next_run_rounds_up_from_mid_hour():
+    # 14:37 UTC with interval=8 -> next matching hour is 16:00.
+    now = datetime(2026, 4, 16, 14, 37, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    result = next_run_timestamp_utc(8, now=now)
+    expected = datetime(2026, 4, 16, 16, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    assert result == int(expected.timestamp())
+
+
+def test_next_run_crosses_midnight():
+    # 23:12 UTC with interval=8 -> midnight (00:00 next day) is legal.
+    now = datetime(2026, 4, 16, 23, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    result = next_run_timestamp_utc(8, now=now)
+    expected = datetime(2026, 4, 17, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    assert result == int(expected.timestamp())
+
+
+def test_next_run_accepts_non_utc_input():
+    # Non-UTC input should be normalized internally.
+    from datetime import timedelta
+
+    pst = timezone(timedelta(hours=-8))
+    # 08:00 PST == 16:00 UTC, a matching boundary for interval=8 -> next is 00:00 UTC.
+    now = datetime(2026, 4, 16, 8, 0, 0, tzinfo=pst)
+    result = next_run_timestamp_utc(8, now=now)
+    expected = datetime(2026, 4, 17, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    assert result == int(expected.timestamp())

uv.lock

@@ -2,6 +2,117 @@ version = 1
 revision = 1
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 
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+    { name = "aiosignal" },
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