diff --git a/frontend/src/components/BulkAddChannelResultModal.tsx b/frontend/src/components/BulkAddChannelResultModal.tsx
index 40085b1..30c97e9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/BulkAddChannelResultModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/BulkAddChannelResultModal.tsx
@@ -84,12 +84,12 @@ export function BulkAddChannelResultModal({
               </div>
             </div>
           ) : (
-            <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">No new rooms were added.</p>
+            <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">No new channels were added.</p>
           )}
 
           {result && result.invalid_names.length > 0 && (
             <div className="rounded-md border border-warning/30 bg-warning/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-warning">
-              Ignored invalid room names: {result.invalid_names.join(', ')}
+              Ignored invalid channel names: {result.invalid_names.join(', ')}
             </div>
           )}
         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ContactInfoPane.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ContactInfoPane.tsx
index 448d20c..020239f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ContactInfoPane.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ContactInfoPane.tsx
@@ -298,17 +298,16 @@ export function ContactInfoPane({
 
             {isPrefixOnlyResolvedContact && (
               <div className="mx-5 mt-4 rounded-md border border-destructive/30 bg-destructive/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-destructive">
-                We only know a key prefix for this sender, which can happen when a fallback DM
-                arrives before we hear an advertisement. This contact stays read-only until the full
-                key resolves from a later advertisement.
+                We&apos;ve received a message from this sender but don&apos;t have their full
+                identity yet. This contact stays read-only until their identity is confirmed &mdash;
+                this usually happens automatically when they next advertise.
               </div>
             )}
 
             {isUnknownFullKeyResolvedContact && (
               <div className="mx-5 mt-4 rounded-md border border-warning/30 bg-warning/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-warning">
-                We know this sender&apos;s full key, but we have not yet heard an advertisement that
-                fills in their identity details. Those details will appear automatically when an
-                advertisement arrives.
+                This sender&apos;s profile details (name, location) haven&apos;t arrived yet. They
+                will fill in automatically when the sender&apos;s next advertisement is heard.
               </div>
             )}
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ConversationPane.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ConversationPane.tsx
index a5d24d0..b2d49b7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ConversationPane.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ConversationPane.tsx
@@ -103,17 +103,17 @@ function ContactResolutionBanner({ variant }: { variant: 'unknown-full-key' | 'p
   if (variant === 'prefix-only') {
     return (
       <div className="mx-4 mt-3 rounded-md border border-destructive/30 bg-destructive/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-destructive">
-        We only know a key prefix for this sender, which can happen when a fallback DM arrives
-        before we learn their full identity. This conversation is read-only until we hear an
-        advertisement that resolves the full key.
+        We&apos;ve received a message from this sender but don&apos;t have their full identity yet.
+        Sending is disabled until their identity is confirmed &mdash; this usually happens
+        automatically when they next advertise.
       </div>
     );
   }
 
   return (
     <div className="mx-4 mt-3 rounded-md border border-warning/30 bg-warning/10 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-warning">
-      A full identity profile is not yet available because we have not heard an advertisement from
-      this sender. The contact will fill in automatically when an advertisement arrives.
+      This sender&apos;s profile details (name, location) haven&apos;t arrived yet. They will fill
+      in automatically when the sender&apos;s next advert is heard.
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/NewMessageModal.tsx b/frontend/src/components/NewMessageModal.tsx
index ae28e44..2914abe 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/NewMessageModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/NewMessageModal.tsx
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ export function NewMessageModal({
           permitCapitals
         );
         if (channelNames.length === 0) {
-          setError('Enter at least one valid room name');
+          setError('Enter at least one valid channel name');
           return;
         }
         if (invalidNames.length > 0) {
-          setError(`Invalid room names: ${invalidNames.join(', ')}`);
+          setError(`Invalid channel names: ${invalidNames.join(', ')}`);
           return;
         }
         await onBulkAddHashtagChannels(channelNames, tryHistorical);
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ export function NewMessageModal({
             {tab === 'new-contact' && 'Add a new contact by entering their name and public key'}
             {tab === 'new-channel' && 'Create a private channel with a shared encryption key'}
             {tab === 'hashtag' && 'Join a public hashtag channel'}
-            {tab === 'bulk-hashtag' && 'Paste multiple hashtag rooms to add them in one batch'}
+            {tab === 'bulk-hashtag' && 'Paste multiple hashtag channels to add them in one batch'}
           </DialogDescription>
         </DialogHeader>
 
@@ -377,11 +377,11 @@ export function NewMessageModal({
                   aria-label="Bulk channel names"
                   value={bulkChannelText}
                   onChange={(e) => setBulkChannelText(e.target.value)}
-                  placeholder={'#ops\nmesh-room\nanother-room'}
+                  placeholder={'#ops\nmesh-chat\nanother-channel'}
                   className="min-h-48 w-full rounded-md border border-input bg-background px-3 py-2 text-sm shadow-sm outline-none transition-colors placeholder:text-muted-foreground focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring"
                 />
                 <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                  Paste room names separated by lines, spaces, or commas. Leading # marks are
+                  Paste channel names separated by lines, spaces, or commas. Leading # marks are
                   stripped automatically.
                 </p>
               </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsRadioSection.tsx b/frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsRadioSection.tsx
index c3bee72..292edb7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsRadioSection.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/settings/SettingsRadioSection.tsx
@@ -668,10 +668,10 @@ export function SettingsRadioSection({
           variant="outline"
           className="flex-1"
         >
-          {busy && !rebooting ? 'Saving...' : 'Save'}
+          {busy && !rebooting ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Radio Config'}
         </Button>
         <Button onClick={handleSaveAndReboot} disabled={busy || rebooting} className="flex-1">
-          {rebooting ? 'Rebooting...' : 'Save & Reboot'}
+          {rebooting ? 'Rebooting...' : 'Save Radio Config & Reboot'}
         </Button>
       </div>
       <p className="text-[0.8125rem] text-muted-foreground">
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ export function SettingsRadioSection({
       )}
 
       <Button onClick={handleSaveFloodSettings} disabled={floodBusy} className="w-full">
-        {floodBusy ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Settings'}
+        {floodBusy ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Messaging Settings'}
       </Button>
 
       <Separator />
diff --git a/frontend/src/test/bulkAddChannelResultModal.test.tsx b/frontend/src/test/bulkAddChannelResultModal.test.tsx
index cee5386..829a3dd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/test/bulkAddChannelResultModal.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/test/bulkAddChannelResultModal.test.tsx
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ describe('BulkAddChannelResultModal', () => {
     expect(opsLink.getAttribute('href')).toContain('#channel/');
     expect(meshLink.getAttribute('href')).toContain('#channel/');
     expect(screen.queryByRole('link', { name: /bad_room/i })).toBeNull();
-    expect(screen.getByText(/Ignored invalid room names: bad_room/)).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(screen.getByText(/Ignored invalid channel names: bad_room/)).toBeTruthy();
   });
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/test/conversationPane.test.tsx b/frontend/src/test/conversationPane.test.tsx
index 84939b9..d8240cd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/test/conversationPane.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/test/conversationPane.test.tsx
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ describe('ConversationPane', () => {
       />
     );
 
-    expect(screen.getByText(/A full identity profile is not yet available/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByText(/profile details.*haven't arrived yet/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByTestId('message-input')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
@@ -416,7 +416,9 @@ describe('ConversationPane', () => {
       />
     );
 
-    expect(screen.getByText(/This conversation is read-only/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(
+      screen.getByText(/Sending is disabled until their identity is confirmed/i)
+    ).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.queryByTestId('message-input')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/test/newMessageModal.test.tsx b/frontend/src/test/newMessageModal.test.tsx
index c655fb0..b6ef18a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/test/newMessageModal.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/test/newMessageModal.test.tsx
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ describe('NewMessageModal form reset', () => {
       expect(screen.queryByRole('tab', { name: 'Bulk Add Channel' })).toBeNull();
     });
 
-    it('opens on the bulk tab when enabled and submits normalized room names', async () => {
+    it('opens on the bulk tab when enabled and submits normalized channel names', async () => {
       const user = userEvent.setup();
       renderModal(true, { showBulkAddChannelTab: true });
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ describe('NewMessageModal form reset', () => {
       expect(onClose).toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('shows invalid bulk room names before submitting', async () => {
+    it('shows invalid bulk channel names before submitting', async () => {
       const user = userEvent.setup();
       renderModal(true, { showBulkAddChannelTab: true });
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ describe('NewMessageModal form reset', () => {
       await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Channels' }));
 
       expect(onBulkAddHashtagChannels).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(screen.getByText('Invalid room names: bad_room')).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(screen.getByText('Invalid channel names: bad_room')).toBeTruthy();
     });
   });
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/test/settingsModal.test.tsx b/frontend/src/test/settingsModal.test.tsx
index f728e26..785ab2a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/test/settingsModal.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/test/settingsModal.test.tsx
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ describe('SettingsModal', () => {
     fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText('Advert Location Source'), {
       target: { value: 'off' },
     });
-    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save Radio Config' }));
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(onSave).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ describe('SettingsModal', () => {
     openRadioSection();
 
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText('Extra Direct ACK Transmission'));
-    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save Radio Config' }));
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(onSave).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ multi_acks_enabled: true }));
@@ -362,8 +362,8 @@ describe('SettingsModal', () => {
     const maxContactsInput = screen.getByLabelText('Max Contacts on Radio');
     fireEvent.change(maxContactsInput, { target: { value: '250' } });
 
-    // Click the "Save Settings" button in the Flood & Advert Control section
-    const saveButtons = screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: 'Save Settings' });
+    // Click the "Save Messaging Settings" button
+    const saveButtons = screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: 'Save Messaging Settings' });
     fireEvent.click(saveButtons[0]);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ describe('SettingsModal', () => {
     });
     openRadioSection();
 
-    // Click the "Save Settings" button in the Flood & Advert Control section
-    const saveButtons = screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: 'Save Settings' });
+    // Click the "Save Messaging Settings" button
+    const saveButtons = screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: 'Save Messaging Settings' });
     fireEvent.click(saveButtons[0]);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ describe('SettingsModal', () => {
     });
     openRadioSection();
 
-    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save & Reboot' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save Radio Config & Reboot' }));
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(onSave).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(onReboot).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);