import json
import logging
import sqlite3
import time
from hashlib import sha256
from typing import Any, Literal

from app.database import db
from app.decoder import PayloadType, extract_payload, get_packet_payload_type
from app.models import (
    AppSettings,
    BotConfig,
    Channel,
    Contact,
    Favorite,
    Message,
    MessagePath,
)

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class ContactRepository:
    @staticmethod
    async def upsert(contact: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        await db.conn.execute(
            """
            INSERT INTO contacts (public_key, name, type, flags, last_path, last_path_len,
                                  last_advert, lat, lon, last_seen, on_radio, last_contacted)
            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            ON CONFLICT(public_key) DO UPDATE SET
                name = COALESCE(excluded.name, contacts.name),
                type = CASE WHEN excluded.type = 0 THEN contacts.type ELSE excluded.type END,
                flags = excluded.flags,
                last_path = COALESCE(excluded.last_path, contacts.last_path),
                last_path_len = excluded.last_path_len,
                last_advert = COALESCE(excluded.last_advert, contacts.last_advert),
                lat = COALESCE(excluded.lat, contacts.lat),
                lon = COALESCE(excluded.lon, contacts.lon),
                last_seen = excluded.last_seen,
                on_radio = excluded.on_radio,
                last_contacted = COALESCE(excluded.last_contacted, contacts.last_contacted)
            """,
            (
                contact.get("public_key", "").lower(),
                contact.get("name") or contact.get("adv_name"),
                contact.get("type", 0),
                contact.get("flags", 0),
                contact.get("last_path") or contact.get("out_path"),
                contact.get("last_path_len")
                if "last_path_len" in contact
                else contact.get("out_path_len", -1),
                contact.get("last_advert"),
                contact.get("lat") or contact.get("adv_lat"),
                contact.get("lon") or contact.get("adv_lon"),
                contact.get("last_seen", int(time.time())),
                contact.get("on_radio", False),
                contact.get("last_contacted"),
            ),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    def _row_to_contact(row) -> Contact:
        """Convert a database row to a Contact model."""
        return Contact(
            public_key=row["public_key"],
            name=row["name"],
            type=row["type"],
            flags=row["flags"],
            last_path=row["last_path"],
            last_path_len=row["last_path_len"],
            last_advert=row["last_advert"],
            lat=row["lat"],
            lon=row["lon"],
            last_seen=row["last_seen"],
            on_radio=bool(row["on_radio"]),
            last_contacted=row["last_contacted"],
            last_read_at=row["last_read_at"],
        )

    @staticmethod
    async def get_by_key(public_key: str) -> Contact | None:
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?", (public_key.lower(),)
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        return ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) if row else None

    @staticmethod
    async def get_by_key_prefix(prefix: str) -> Contact | None:
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE public_key LIKE ? LIMIT 1",
            (f"{prefix.lower()}%",),
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        return ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) if row else None

    @staticmethod
    async def get_by_key_or_prefix(key_or_prefix: str) -> Contact | None:
        """Get a contact by exact key match, falling back to prefix match.

        Useful when the input might be a full 64-char public key or a shorter prefix.
        """
        contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key(key_or_prefix)
        if not contact:
            contact = await ContactRepository.get_by_key_prefix(key_or_prefix)
        return contact

    @staticmethod
    async def get_all(limit: int = 100, offset: int = 0) -> list[Contact]:
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT * FROM contacts ORDER BY COALESCE(name, public_key) LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
            (limit, offset),
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]

    @staticmethod
    async def get_recent_non_repeaters(limit: int = 200) -> list[Contact]:
        """Get the most recently active non-repeater contacts.

        Orders by most recent activity (last_contacted or last_advert),
        excluding repeaters (type=2).
        """
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            SELECT * FROM contacts
            WHERE type != 2
            ORDER BY COALESCE(last_contacted, 0) DESC, COALESCE(last_advert, 0) DESC
            LIMIT ?
            """,
            (limit,),
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]

    @staticmethod
    async def update_path(public_key: str, path: str, path_len: int) -> None:
        await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE contacts SET last_path = ?, last_path_len = ?, last_seen = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
            (path, path_len, int(time.time()), public_key.lower()),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def set_on_radio(public_key: str, on_radio: bool) -> None:
        await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE contacts SET on_radio = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
            (on_radio, public_key.lower()),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def delete(public_key: str) -> None:
        await db.conn.execute(
            "DELETE FROM contacts WHERE public_key = ?",
            (public_key.lower(),),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def update_last_contacted(public_key: str, timestamp: int | None = None) -> None:
        """Update the last_contacted timestamp for a contact."""
        ts = timestamp or int(time.time())
        await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE contacts SET last_contacted = ?, last_seen = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
            (ts, ts, public_key.lower()),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def update_last_read_at(public_key: str, timestamp: int | None = None) -> bool:
        """Update the last_read_at timestamp for a contact.

        Returns True if a row was updated, False if contact not found.
        """
        ts = timestamp or int(time.time())
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE contacts SET last_read_at = ? WHERE public_key = ?",
            (ts, public_key.lower()),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()
        return cursor.rowcount > 0

    @staticmethod
    async def get_by_pubkey_first_byte(hex_byte: str) -> list[Contact]:
        """Get contacts whose public key starts with the given hex byte (2 chars)."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT * FROM contacts WHERE substr(public_key, 1, 2) = ?",
            (hex_byte.lower(),),
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        return [ContactRepository._row_to_contact(row) for row in rows]


class ChannelRepository:
    @staticmethod
    async def upsert(key: str, name: str, is_hashtag: bool = False, on_radio: bool = False) -> None:
        """Upsert a channel. Key is 32-char hex string."""
        await db.conn.execute(
            """
            INSERT INTO channels (key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio)
            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
            ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET
                name = excluded.name,
                is_hashtag = excluded.is_hashtag,
                on_radio = excluded.on_radio
            """,
            (key.upper(), name, is_hashtag, on_radio),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def get_by_key(key: str) -> Channel | None:
        """Get a channel by its key (32-char hex string)."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, last_read_at FROM channels WHERE key = ?",
            (key.upper(),),
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        if row:
            return Channel(
                key=row["key"],
                name=row["name"],
                is_hashtag=bool(row["is_hashtag"]),
                on_radio=bool(row["on_radio"]),
                last_read_at=row["last_read_at"],
            )
        return None

    @staticmethod
    async def get_all() -> list[Channel]:
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT key, name, is_hashtag, on_radio, last_read_at FROM channels ORDER BY name"
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        return [
            Channel(
                key=row["key"],
                name=row["name"],
                is_hashtag=bool(row["is_hashtag"]),
                on_radio=bool(row["on_radio"]),
                last_read_at=row["last_read_at"],
            )
            for row in rows
        ]

    @staticmethod
    async def delete(key: str) -> None:
        """Delete a channel by key."""
        await db.conn.execute(
            "DELETE FROM channels WHERE key = ?",
            (key.upper(),),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def update_last_read_at(key: str, timestamp: int | None = None) -> bool:
        """Update the last_read_at timestamp for a channel.

        Returns True if a row was updated, False if channel not found.
        """
        ts = timestamp or int(time.time())
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE channels SET last_read_at = ? WHERE key = ?",
            (ts, key.upper()),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()
        return cursor.rowcount > 0


class MessageRepository:
    @staticmethod
    def _parse_paths(paths_json: str | None) -> list[MessagePath] | None:
        """Parse paths JSON string to list of MessagePath objects."""
        if not paths_json:
            return None
        try:
            paths_data = json.loads(paths_json)
            return [MessagePath(**p) for p in paths_data]
        except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, KeyError):
            return None

    @staticmethod
    async def create(
        msg_type: str,
        text: str,
        received_at: int,
        conversation_key: str,
        sender_timestamp: int | None = None,
        path: str | None = None,
        txt_type: int = 0,
        signature: str | None = None,
        outgoing: bool = False,
    ) -> int | None:
        """Create a message, returning the ID or None if duplicate.

        Uses INSERT OR IGNORE to handle the UNIQUE constraint on
        (type, conversation_key, text, sender_timestamp). This prevents
        duplicate messages when the same message arrives via multiple RF paths.

        The path parameter is converted to the paths JSON array format.
        """
        # Convert single path to paths array format
        paths_json = None
        if path is not None:
            paths_json = json.dumps([{"path": path, "received_at": received_at}])

        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            INSERT OR IGNORE INTO messages (type, conversation_key, text, sender_timestamp,
                                            received_at, paths, txt_type, signature, outgoing)
            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            """,
            (
                msg_type,
                conversation_key,
                text,
                sender_timestamp,
                received_at,
                paths_json,
                txt_type,
                signature,
                outgoing,
            ),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()
        # rowcount is 0 if INSERT was ignored due to UNIQUE constraint violation
        if cursor.rowcount == 0:
            return None
        return cursor.lastrowid

    @staticmethod
    async def add_path(
        message_id: int, path: str, received_at: int | None = None
    ) -> list[MessagePath]:
        """Add a new path to an existing message.

        This is used when a repeat/echo of a message arrives via a different route.
        Returns the updated list of paths.
        """
        ts = received_at or int(time.time())

        # Get current paths
        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT paths FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,))
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        if not row:
            return []

        # Parse existing paths or start with empty list
        existing_paths = []
        if row["paths"]:
            try:
                existing_paths = json.loads(row["paths"])
            except json.JSONDecodeError:
                existing_paths = []

        # Add new path
        existing_paths.append({"path": path, "received_at": ts})

        # Update database
        paths_json = json.dumps(existing_paths)
        await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE messages SET paths = ? WHERE id = ?",
            (paths_json, message_id),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

        return [MessagePath(**p) for p in existing_paths]

    @staticmethod
    async def claim_prefix_messages(full_key: str) -> int:
        """Promote prefix-stored messages to the full conversation key.

        When a full key becomes known for a contact, any messages stored with
        only a prefix as conversation_key are updated to use the full key.
        """
        lower_key = full_key.lower()
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """UPDATE messages SET conversation_key = ?
               WHERE type = 'PRIV' AND length(conversation_key) < 64
               AND ? LIKE conversation_key || '%'""",
            (lower_key, lower_key),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()
        return cursor.rowcount

    @staticmethod
    async def get_all(
        limit: int = 100,
        offset: int = 0,
        msg_type: str | None = None,
        conversation_key: str | None = None,
        before: int | None = None,
        before_id: int | None = None,
    ) -> list[Message]:
        query = "SELECT * FROM messages WHERE 1=1"
        params: list[Any] = []

        if msg_type:
            query += " AND type = ?"
            params.append(msg_type)
        if conversation_key:
            # Support both exact match and prefix match for DMs
            query += " AND conversation_key LIKE ?"
            params.append(f"{conversation_key}%")

        if before is not None and before_id is not None:
            query += " AND (received_at < ? OR (received_at = ? AND id < ?))"
            params.extend([before, before, before_id])

        query += " ORDER BY received_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT ?"
        params.append(limit)
        if before is None or before_id is None:
            query += " OFFSET ?"
            params.append(offset)

        cursor = await db.conn.execute(query, params)
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        return [
            Message(
                id=row["id"],
                type=row["type"],
                conversation_key=row["conversation_key"],
                text=row["text"],
                sender_timestamp=row["sender_timestamp"],
                received_at=row["received_at"],
                paths=MessageRepository._parse_paths(row["paths"]),
                txt_type=row["txt_type"],
                signature=row["signature"],
                outgoing=bool(row["outgoing"]),
                acked=row["acked"],
            )
            for row in rows
        ]

    @staticmethod
    async def increment_ack_count(message_id: int) -> int:
        """Increment ack count and return the new value."""
        await db.conn.execute("UPDATE messages SET acked = acked + 1 WHERE id = ?", (message_id,))
        await db.conn.commit()
        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT acked FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,))
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        return row["acked"] if row else 1

    @staticmethod
    async def get_ack_count(message_id: int) -> int:
        """Get the current ack count for a message."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute("SELECT acked FROM messages WHERE id = ?", (message_id,))
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        return row["acked"] if row else 0

    @staticmethod
    async def get_by_content(
        msg_type: str,
        conversation_key: str,
        text: str,
        sender_timestamp: int | None,
    ) -> "Message | None":
        """Look up a message by its unique content fields."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            SELECT id, type, conversation_key, text, sender_timestamp, received_at,
                   paths, txt_type, signature, outgoing, acked
            FROM messages
            WHERE type = ? AND conversation_key = ? AND text = ?
              AND (sender_timestamp = ? OR (sender_timestamp IS NULL AND ? IS NULL))
            """,
            (msg_type, conversation_key, text, sender_timestamp, sender_timestamp),
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        if not row:
            return None

        paths = None
        if row["paths"]:
            try:
                paths_data = json.loads(row["paths"])
                paths = [
                    MessagePath(path=p["path"], received_at=p["received_at"]) for p in paths_data
                ]
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
                pass

        return Message(
            id=row["id"],
            type=row["type"],
            conversation_key=row["conversation_key"],
            text=row["text"],
            sender_timestamp=row["sender_timestamp"],
            received_at=row["received_at"],
            paths=paths,
            txt_type=row["txt_type"],
            signature=row["signature"],
            outgoing=bool(row["outgoing"]),
            acked=row["acked"],
        )

    @staticmethod
    async def get_unread_counts(name: str | None = None) -> dict:
        """Get unread message counts, mention flags, and last message times for all conversations.

        Args:
            name: User's display name for @[name] mention detection. If None, mentions are skipped.

        Returns:
            Dict with 'counts', 'mentions', and 'last_message_times' keys.
        """
        counts: dict[str, int] = {}
        mention_flags: dict[str, bool] = {}
        last_message_times: dict[str, int] = {}

        mention_pattern = f"%@[{name}]%" if name else None

        # Channel unreads
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            SELECT m.conversation_key,
                   COUNT(*) as unread_count,
                   MAX(m.received_at) as last_message_time,
                   SUM(CASE WHEN m.text LIKE ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) > 0 as has_mention
            FROM messages m
            JOIN channels c ON m.conversation_key = c.key
            WHERE m.type = 'CHAN' AND m.outgoing = 0
              AND m.received_at > COALESCE(c.last_read_at, 0)
            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
            """,
            (mention_pattern or "",),
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        for row in rows:
            state_key = f"channel-{row['conversation_key']}"
            counts[state_key] = row["unread_count"]
            if mention_pattern and row["has_mention"]:
                mention_flags[state_key] = True

        # Contact unreads
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            SELECT m.conversation_key,
                   COUNT(*) as unread_count,
                   MAX(m.received_at) as last_message_time,
                   SUM(CASE WHEN m.text LIKE ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) > 0 as has_mention
            FROM messages m
            JOIN contacts ct ON m.conversation_key = ct.public_key
            WHERE m.type = 'PRIV' AND m.outgoing = 0
              AND m.received_at > COALESCE(ct.last_read_at, 0)
            GROUP BY m.conversation_key
            """,
            (mention_pattern or "",),
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        for row in rows:
            state_key = f"contact-{row['conversation_key']}"
            counts[state_key] = row["unread_count"]
            if mention_pattern and row["has_mention"]:
                mention_flags[state_key] = True

        # Last message times for all conversations (including read ones)
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            SELECT type, conversation_key, MAX(received_at) as last_message_time
            FROM messages
            GROUP BY type, conversation_key
            """
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        for row in rows:
            prefix = "channel" if row["type"] == "CHAN" else "contact"
            state_key = f"{prefix}-{row['conversation_key']}"
            last_message_times[state_key] = row["last_message_time"]

        return {
            "counts": counts,
            "mentions": mention_flags,
            "last_message_times": last_message_times,
        }


class RawPacketRepository:
    @staticmethod
    async def create(data: bytes, timestamp: int | None = None) -> tuple[int, bool]:
        """
        Create a raw packet with payload-based deduplication.

        Returns (packet_id, is_new) tuple:
        - is_new=True: New packet stored, packet_id is the new row ID
        - is_new=False: Duplicate payload detected, packet_id is the existing row ID

        Deduplication is based on the SHA-256 hash of the packet payload
        (excluding routing/path information).
        """
        ts = timestamp or int(time.time())

        # Compute payload hash for deduplication
        payload = extract_payload(data)
        if payload:
            payload_hash = sha256(payload).hexdigest()
        else:
            # For malformed packets, hash the full data
            payload_hash = sha256(data).hexdigest()

        # Check if this payload already exists
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT id FROM raw_packets WHERE payload_hash = ?", (payload_hash,)
        )
        existing = await cursor.fetchone()

        if existing:
            # Duplicate - return existing packet ID
            logger.debug(
                "Duplicate payload detected (hash=%s..., existing_id=%d)",
                payload_hash[:12],
                existing["id"],
            )
            return (existing["id"], False)

        # New packet - insert with hash
        try:
            cursor = await db.conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO raw_packets (timestamp, data, payload_hash) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
                (ts, data, payload_hash),
            )
            await db.conn.commit()
            assert cursor.lastrowid is not None  # INSERT always returns a row ID
            return (cursor.lastrowid, True)
        except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
            # Race condition: another insert with same payload_hash happened between
            # our SELECT and INSERT. This is expected for duplicate packets arriving
            # close together. Query again to get the existing ID.
            logger.debug(
                "Duplicate packet detected via race condition (payload_hash=%s), dropping",
                payload_hash[:16],
            )
            cursor = await db.conn.execute(
                "SELECT id FROM raw_packets WHERE payload_hash = ?", (payload_hash,)
            )
            existing = await cursor.fetchone()
            if existing:
                return (existing["id"], False)
            # This shouldn't happen, but if it does, re-raise
            raise

    @staticmethod
    async def get_undecrypted_count() -> int:
        """Get count of undecrypted packets (those without a linked message)."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL"
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        return row["count"] if row else 0

    @staticmethod
    async def get_oldest_undecrypted() -> int | None:
        """Get timestamp of oldest undecrypted packet, or None if none exist."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT MIN(timestamp) as oldest FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL"
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()
        return row["oldest"] if row and row["oldest"] is not None else None

    @staticmethod
    async def get_all_undecrypted() -> list[tuple[int, bytes, int]]:
        """Get all undecrypted packets as (id, data, timestamp) tuples."""
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT id, data, timestamp FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL ORDER BY timestamp ASC"
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
        return [(row["id"], bytes(row["data"]), row["timestamp"]) for row in rows]

    @staticmethod
    async def mark_decrypted(packet_id: int, message_id: int) -> None:
        """Link a raw packet to its decrypted message."""
        await db.conn.execute(
            "UPDATE raw_packets SET message_id = ? WHERE id = ?",
            (message_id, packet_id),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()

    @staticmethod
    async def prune_old_undecrypted(max_age_days: int) -> int:
        """Delete undecrypted packets older than max_age_days. Returns count deleted."""
        cutoff = int(time.time()) - (max_age_days * 86400)
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "DELETE FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL AND timestamp < ?",
            (cutoff,),
        )
        await db.conn.commit()
        return cursor.rowcount

    @staticmethod
    async def get_undecrypted_text_messages() -> list[tuple[int, bytes, int]]:
        """Get all undecrypted TEXT_MESSAGE packets as (id, data, timestamp) tuples.

        Filters raw packets to only include those with PayloadType.TEXT_MESSAGE (0x02).
        These are direct messages that can be decrypted with contact ECDH keys.
        """
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            "SELECT id, data, timestamp FROM raw_packets WHERE message_id IS NULL ORDER BY timestamp ASC"
        )
        rows = await cursor.fetchall()

        # Filter for TEXT_MESSAGE packets
        result = []
        for row in rows:
            data = bytes(row["data"])
            payload_type = get_packet_payload_type(data)
            if payload_type == PayloadType.TEXT_MESSAGE:
                result.append((row["id"], data, row["timestamp"]))

        return result


class AppSettingsRepository:
    """Repository for app_settings table (single-row pattern)."""

    @staticmethod
    async def get() -> AppSettings:
        """Get the current app settings.

        Always returns settings - creates default row if needed (migration handles initial row).
        """
        cursor = await db.conn.execute(
            """
            SELECT max_radio_contacts, favorites, auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert,
                   sidebar_sort_order, last_message_times, preferences_migrated,
                   advert_interval, last_advert_time, bots
            FROM app_settings WHERE id = 1
            """
        )
        row = await cursor.fetchone()

        if not row:
            # Should not happen after migration, but handle gracefully
            return AppSettings()

        # Parse favorites JSON
        favorites = []
        if row["favorites"]:
            try:
                favorites_data = json.loads(row["favorites"])
                favorites = [Favorite(**f) for f in favorites_data]
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, KeyError) as e:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to parse favorites JSON, using empty list: %s (data=%r)",
                    e,
                    row["favorites"][:100] if row["favorites"] else None,
                )
                favorites = []

        # Parse last_message_times JSON
        last_message_times: dict[str, int] = {}
        if row["last_message_times"]:
            try:
                last_message_times = json.loads(row["last_message_times"])
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError) as e:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to parse last_message_times JSON, using empty dict: %s",
                    e,
                )
                last_message_times = {}

        # Parse bots JSON
        bots: list[BotConfig] = []
        if row["bots"]:
            try:
                bots_data = json.loads(row["bots"])
                bots = [BotConfig(**b) for b in bots_data]
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, KeyError) as e:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to parse bots JSON, using empty list: %s (data=%r)",
                    e,
                    row["bots"][:100] if row["bots"] else None,
                )
                bots = []

        # Validate sidebar_sort_order (fallback to "recent" if invalid)
        sort_order = row["sidebar_sort_order"]
        if sort_order not in ("recent", "alpha"):
            sort_order = "recent"

        return AppSettings(
            max_radio_contacts=row["max_radio_contacts"],
            favorites=favorites,
            auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert=bool(row["auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert"]),
            sidebar_sort_order=sort_order,
            last_message_times=last_message_times,
            preferences_migrated=bool(row["preferences_migrated"]),
            advert_interval=row["advert_interval"] or 0,
            last_advert_time=row["last_advert_time"] or 0,
            bots=bots,
        )

    @staticmethod
    async def update(
        max_radio_contacts: int | None = None,
        favorites: list[Favorite] | None = None,
        auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert: bool | None = None,
        sidebar_sort_order: str | None = None,
        last_message_times: dict[str, int] | None = None,
        preferences_migrated: bool | None = None,
        advert_interval: int | None = None,
        last_advert_time: int | None = None,
        bots: list[BotConfig] | None = None,
    ) -> AppSettings:
        """Update app settings. Only provided fields are updated."""
        updates = []
        params: list[Any] = []

        if max_radio_contacts is not None:
            updates.append("max_radio_contacts = ?")
            params.append(max_radio_contacts)

        if favorites is not None:
            updates.append("favorites = ?")
            favorites_json = json.dumps([f.model_dump() for f in favorites])
            params.append(favorites_json)

        if auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert is not None:
            updates.append("auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert = ?")
            params.append(1 if auto_decrypt_dm_on_advert else 0)

        if sidebar_sort_order is not None:
            updates.append("sidebar_sort_order = ?")
            params.append(sidebar_sort_order)

        if last_message_times is not None:
            updates.append("last_message_times = ?")
            params.append(json.dumps(last_message_times))

        if preferences_migrated is not None:
            updates.append("preferences_migrated = ?")
            params.append(1 if preferences_migrated else 0)

        if advert_interval is not None:
            updates.append("advert_interval = ?")
            params.append(advert_interval)

        if last_advert_time is not None:
            updates.append("last_advert_time = ?")
            params.append(last_advert_time)

        if bots is not None:
            updates.append("bots = ?")
            bots_json = json.dumps([b.model_dump() for b in bots])
            params.append(bots_json)

        if updates:
            query = f"UPDATE app_settings SET {', '.join(updates)} WHERE id = 1"
            await db.conn.execute(query, params)
            await db.conn.commit()

        return await AppSettingsRepository.get()

    @staticmethod
    async def add_favorite(fav_type: Literal["channel", "contact"], fav_id: str) -> AppSettings:
        """Add a favorite, avoiding duplicates."""
        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()

        # Check if already favorited
        if any(f.type == fav_type and f.id == fav_id for f in settings.favorites):
            return settings

        new_favorites = settings.favorites + [Favorite(type=fav_type, id=fav_id)]
        return await AppSettingsRepository.update(favorites=new_favorites)

    @staticmethod
    async def remove_favorite(fav_type: Literal["channel", "contact"], fav_id: str) -> AppSettings:
        """Remove a favorite."""
        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()
        new_favorites = [
            f for f in settings.favorites if not (f.type == fav_type and f.id == fav_id)
        ]
        return await AppSettingsRepository.update(favorites=new_favorites)

    @staticmethod
    async def migrate_preferences_from_frontend(
        favorites: list[dict],
        sort_order: str,
        last_message_times: dict[str, int],
    ) -> tuple[AppSettings, bool]:
        """Migrate all preferences from frontend localStorage.

        This is a one-time migration. If already migrated, returns current settings
        without overwriting. Returns (settings, did_migrate) tuple.
        """
        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.get()

        if settings.preferences_migrated:
            # Already migrated, don't overwrite
            return settings, False

        # Convert frontend favorites format to Favorite objects
        new_favorites = []
        for f in favorites:
            if f.get("type") in ("channel", "contact") and f.get("id"):
                new_favorites.append(Favorite(type=f["type"], id=f["id"]))

        # Update with migrated preferences and mark as migrated
        settings = await AppSettingsRepository.update(
            favorites=new_favorites,
            sidebar_sort_order=sort_order if sort_order in ("recent", "alpha") else "recent",
            last_message_times=last_message_times,
            preferences_migrated=True,
        )

        return settings, True