From fde22f75ea2bf288bc27d75d0ba342fdbefe39fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kelly Date: Sat, 6 Jun 2026 13:35:42 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Patches like its 1999 (#318) * new-pool-time studyUp! * patch-NONE * fix loop --- etc/data/hamradio/extra.json | 2400 +++++++++++++++++++------- etc/data/hamradio/general.json | 1696 ++++++++++++++----- etc/data/hamradio/technician.json | 2626 +++++++++++++++++++---------- mesh_bot.py | 14 +- modules/games/hamtest.py | 33 +- modules/system.py | 4 +- 6 files changed, 4822 insertions(+), 1951 deletions(-) diff --git a/etc/data/hamradio/extra.json b/etc/data/hamradio/extra.json index f38eea3..e1ffc7e 100644 --- a/etc/data/hamradio/extra.json +++ b/etc/data/hamradio/extra.json @@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ "The lower 1 kHz of the signal is outside the 20-meter band", "14.348 MHz is outside the 20-meter band", "The upper 1 kHz of the signal is outside the 20-meter band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1A02", @@ -21,7 +23,9 @@ "300 Hz above the lower band edge", "1 kHz above the lower band edge", "3 kHz above the lower band edge" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1A03", @@ -33,7 +37,9 @@ "14.1002 MHz", "14.1472 MHz", "14.3490 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1A04", @@ -45,7 +51,9 @@ "Yes, the displayed frequency is within the 75-meter phone band segment", "No, the sideband components will extend beyond the edge of the phone band segment", "No, US stations are not permitted to use phone emissions below 3.610 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1A05", @@ -57,7 +65,9 @@ "Only a person named in an amateur station license grant", "Any person holding an FCC issued amateur license or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation", "Any person named in an amateur station license grant or a person holding an unrestricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1A06", @@ -69,7 +79,9 @@ "At the center frequency of the channel", "At the highest frequency of the channel", "On any frequency where the signal’s sidebands are within the channel" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1A07", @@ -81,7 +93,9 @@ "100 watts PEP (peak envelope power)", "1 watt EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)", "5 watts EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1A08", @@ -93,7 +107,9 @@ "The control operator of the originating station", "The control operators of all the stations in the system", "The control operators of all the stations in the system not authenticating the source from which they accept communications" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1A09", @@ -105,7 +121,9 @@ "100 watts PEP (peak envelope power)", "1 watt EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)", "5 watts EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1A10", @@ -117,7 +135,9 @@ "The amateur station operator must agree not to transmit when the main radio of the ship or aircraft is in use", "The amateur station must have a power supply that is completely independent of the main ship or aircraft power supply", "The amateur station must operate only in specific segments of the amateur service HF and VHF bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1A11", @@ -129,7 +149,9 @@ "Any FCC-issued amateur license", "Only General class or higher amateur licenses", "An unrestricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1B01", @@ -141,7 +163,9 @@ "A signal transmitted to prevent its detection by any station other than the intended recipient", "Any transmitted signal that unintentionally interferes with another licensed radio station and whose levels exceed 40 dB below the fundamental power level", "An emission outside the signal’s necessary bandwidth that can be reduced or eliminated without affecting the information transmitted" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1B02", @@ -153,7 +177,9 @@ "10 kHz", "15 kHz", "20 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1B03", @@ -165,7 +191,9 @@ "3 miles", "10 miles", "30 miles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1B04", @@ -177,7 +205,9 @@ "File an FAA NOTAM (Notice to Air Missions) with the repeater system's ERP, call sign, and six-character grid locator", "Cease operation or make changes to the repeater that mitigate the interference", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1B05", @@ -189,7 +219,9 @@ "An area in New Mexico surrounding the White Sands Test Area", "An area surrounding the National Radio Astronomy Observatory", "An area in Florida surrounding Cape Canaveral" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1B06", @@ -201,7 +233,9 @@ "You may have to enter the height above ground in meters, and the latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds on the FAA website", "You must file an Environmental Impact Statement with the EPA before construction begins", "You must obtain a construction permit from the airport zoning authority per Part 119 of the FAA regulations" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1B07", @@ -213,7 +247,9 @@ "FAA tower height limits", "State and local zoning", "Use of wireless devices in vehicles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1B08", @@ -225,7 +261,9 @@ "The amateur station must cease operation on all frequencies below 30 MHz", "The amateur station must cease operation on all frequencies above 30 MHz", "The amateur station must avoid transmitting during certain hours on frequencies that cause the interference" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1B09", @@ -237,7 +275,9 @@ "Any FCC-licensed amateur station except a Technician class", "Any FCC-licensed amateur station certified by the responsible civil defense organization for the area served", "Only stations meeting the FCC Part 97 technical standards for operation during an emergency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1B10", @@ -249,7 +289,9 @@ "Specific segments in the amateur service MF, HF, VHF, and UHF bands", "Specific local government channels", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1B11", @@ -261,7 +303,9 @@ "Reasonable accommodations of amateur radio must be made", "Such structures must be permitted when use for emergency communications can be demonstrated", "Such structures must be permitted if certified by a registered professional engineer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1C01", @@ -273,7 +317,9 @@ "170 Hz", "1.5 kHz", "2.8 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1C02", @@ -285,7 +331,9 @@ "All transmissions must be in English", "Communications must be limited to those incidental to the purpose of the amateur service and remarks of a personal nature", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1C03", @@ -297,7 +345,9 @@ "Operators may operate after 30 days, providing they have not been told that their station is within 1 kilometer of PLC systems using those frequencies", "Operators may not operate until a test signal has been transmitted in coordination with the local power company", "Operations may commence immediately, and may continue unless interference is reported by the UTC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1C04", @@ -309,7 +359,9 @@ "The internal amateur radio practices policy of the FCC", "An indication of increased antenna reflected power", "A forecast of intermittent aurora radio propagation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1C05", @@ -321,7 +373,9 @@ "Only when transmitting RTTY or data emissions", "Only when transmitting SSB or CW", "On any mode approved by the National Telecommunication and Information Administration" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1C06", @@ -333,7 +387,9 @@ "The US embassy must approve of your operation", "You must have a copy of FCC Public Notice DA 16-1048", "You must append \"/CEPT\" to your call sign" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1C07", @@ -345,7 +401,9 @@ "An environmental impact statement must be filed with the Department of the Interior", "Operators must inform the FAA of their intent to operate, giving their call sign and distance to the nearest runway", "Operators must inform the Utilities Technology Council (UTC) of their call sign and coordinates of the station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1C08", @@ -357,7 +415,9 @@ "3 minutes", "5 minutes", "10 minutes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1C09", @@ -369,7 +429,9 @@ "1.0", "2.0", "3.0" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1C10", @@ -381,7 +443,9 @@ "- 53 dB", "- 63 dB", "- 73 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1C11", @@ -393,7 +457,9 @@ "IARP", "ITU reciprocal license", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1C12", @@ -405,7 +471,9 @@ "Only the top 3 kHz", "Only the bottom 3 kHz", "The entire band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1D01", @@ -417,7 +485,9 @@ "Two-way transmissions in excess of 1000 feet", "Two-way transmissions of data", "One-way transmission that initiates, modifies, or terminates the functions of a device at a distance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1D02", @@ -429,7 +499,9 @@ "Telecommand signals from a space telecommand station", "Auxiliary relay links carrying repeater audio", "Mesh network backbone nodes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1D03", @@ -441,7 +513,9 @@ "An amateur station that transmits communications to initiate, modify, or terminate functions of a space station", "An amateur station located in a satellite or a balloon more than 50 kilometers above the surface of the Earth", "An amateur station that receives telemetry from a satellite or balloon more than 50 kilometers above the surface of the Earth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1D04", @@ -453,7 +527,9 @@ "The output power of the balloon transmitter", "The station's six-character Maidenhead grid locator", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1D05", @@ -465,7 +541,9 @@ "A label with the name, address, and telephone number of the station licensee", "A label with the name, address, and telephone number of the control operator", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1D06", @@ -477,7 +555,9 @@ "2 watts", "5 watts", "100 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1D07", @@ -489,7 +569,9 @@ "30 meters, 17 meters, and 10 meters", "Only 10 meters", "Satellite operation is permitted on all HF bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1D08", @@ -501,7 +583,9 @@ "6 meters, 2 meters, and 1.25 meters", "2 meters and 1.25 meters", "2 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1D09", @@ -513,7 +597,9 @@ "70 centimeters and 13 centimeters", "70 centimeters and 33 centimeters", "33 centimeters and 13 centimeters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1D10", @@ -525,7 +611,9 @@ "Any amateur station so designated by the space station licensee", "Any amateur station so designated by the ITU", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1D11", @@ -537,7 +625,9 @@ "Only those of General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class operators", "Only those of Amateur Extra class operators", "Any amateur station, subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control operator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1D12", @@ -549,7 +639,9 @@ "A local repeater or linked repeater station", "A message forwarding station or automatically controlled digital station", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1E01", @@ -561,7 +653,9 @@ "Teaching an amateur operator license examination preparation course", "No expenses are authorized for reimbursement", "Providing amateur operator license examination preparation training materials" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1E02", @@ -573,7 +667,9 @@ "The FCC", "The VECs", "The ARRL" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1E03", @@ -585,7 +681,9 @@ "An organization paid by the volunteer examiner team to publicize and schedule examinations", "An organization that has entered into an agreement with the FCC to coordinate, prepare, and administer amateur operator license examinations", "The person who has entered into an agreement with the FCC to be the VE session manager" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1E04", @@ -597,7 +695,9 @@ "The amateur operator applying must pass a VE examination administered by the FCC Enforcement Bureau", "The prospective VE must obtain accreditation from the FCC", "A VEC must confirm that the VE applicant meets FCC requirements to serve as an examiner" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1E05", @@ -609,7 +709,9 @@ "Return the application document to the examinee", "Send the application form to the FCC and inform the FCC of the grade", "Destroy the application form" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1E06", @@ -621,7 +723,9 @@ "The designated monitoring VE", "Each administering VE", "Only the VE session manager" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1E07", @@ -633,7 +737,9 @@ "Immediately terminate the candidate’s examination", "Allow the candidate to complete the examination, but invalidate the results", "Immediately terminate everyone’s examination and close the session" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1E08", @@ -645,7 +751,9 @@ "Friends of the VE", "Relatives of the VE as listed in the FCC rules", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1E09", @@ -657,7 +765,9 @@ "A fine of up to $1,000 per occurrence", "A sentence of up to one year in prison", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1E10", @@ -669,7 +779,9 @@ "They must collect and submit the documents to the coordinating VEC for grading", "They must submit the application document to the coordinating VEC according to the coordinating VEC instructions", "They must return the documents to the applicant for submission to the FCC according to the FCC instructions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1E11", @@ -681,7 +793,9 @@ "Three VEs must certify that the examinee is qualified for the license grant and that they have complied with the administering VE requirements", "Issue the examinee the new or upgrade license", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1F01", @@ -693,7 +807,9 @@ "Only on amateur frequencies above 222 MHz", "Only on amateur frequencies above 420 MHz", "Only on amateur frequencies above 144 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1F02", @@ -705,7 +821,9 @@ "Full privileges of the General class license on the 80-, 40-, 20-, 15-, and 10-meter bands", "The operating terms and conditions of the Canadian amateur service license, not to exceed US Amateur Extra class license privileges", "Full privileges, up to and including those of the Amateur Extra class license, on the 80-, 40-, 20-, 15-, and 10-meter bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1F03", @@ -717,7 +835,9 @@ "The equipment dealer assembled it from a kit", "It was manufactured and certificated in a country which has a reciprocal certification agreement with the FCC", "The amplifier is constructed or modified by an amateur radio operator for use at an amateur station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1F04", @@ -729,7 +849,9 @@ "A line roughly parallel to and west of the US Atlantic coastline", "A line roughly parallel to and north of the border between the US and Mexico", "A line roughly parallel to and east of the US Pacific coastline" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1F05", @@ -741,7 +863,9 @@ "53 MHz - 54 MHz", "222 MHz - 223 MHz", "420 MHz - 430 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1F06", @@ -753,7 +877,9 @@ "To allow use of a special event call sign", "To allow a VE group with less than three VEs to administer examinations in a remote, sparsely populated area", "To allow a licensee who has passed an upgrade exam to operate with upgraded privileges while waiting for posting on the FCC database" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1F07", @@ -765,7 +891,9 @@ "When the pecuniary interest of the amateur or his or her employer is less than $50", "At no time", "When neither the amateur nor their employer has a pecuniary interest in the communications" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E1F08", @@ -777,7 +905,9 @@ "Communications that have political content, except as allowed by the Fairness Doctrine", "Communications that have religious content", "Communications in a language other than English" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E1F09", @@ -789,7 +919,9 @@ "Email", "Messages encoded to obscure their meaning", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E1F10", @@ -801,7 +933,9 @@ "Only Technician, General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class operators", "Only General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class operators", "Only Amateur Extra class operators" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E1F11", @@ -813,7 +947,9 @@ "It must have received an Underwriters Laboratory certification for electrical safety as well as having met IEEE standard 14.101(B)", "It must exhibit a gain of less than 23 dB when driven by 10 watts or less", "It must satisfy the FCC’s spurious emission standards when operated at the lesser of 1500 watts or its full output power" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2A01", @@ -825,7 +961,9 @@ "From east to west", "From south to north", "From north to south" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2A02", @@ -837,7 +975,9 @@ "Signal position in the band is reversed", "Upper sideband on the uplink becomes lower sideband on the downlink, and vice versa", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2A03", @@ -849,7 +989,9 @@ "The signal is passed through a nonlinear filter", "The signal is reduced to I and Q components, and the Q component is filtered out", "The signal is mixed with a local oscillator signal and the difference product is transmitted" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2A04", @@ -861,7 +1003,9 @@ "The satellite’s uplink and downlink frequency bands", "The satellite’s orientation with respect to the Earth", "Whether the satellite is in a polar or equatorial orbit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2A05", @@ -873,7 +1017,9 @@ "The location of the ground control station", "The polarization of uplink and downlink signals", "The uplink and downlink frequency ranges" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2A06", @@ -885,7 +1031,9 @@ "Phase reversing elements in a Yagi antenna", "High-emission heater filaments used in magnetron tubes", "Encrypting codes used for spread spectrum modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2A07", @@ -897,7 +1045,9 @@ "SSB and SSTV", "PSK and packet", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2A08", @@ -909,7 +1059,9 @@ "To avoid reducing the downlink power to all other users", "To prevent the satellite from emitting out-of-band signals", "To avoid interfering with terrestrial QSOs" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2A09", @@ -921,7 +1073,9 @@ "The 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands", "FM and digital store-and-forward systems", "Which sideband to use" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2A10", @@ -933,7 +1087,9 @@ "Geostationary", "Geomagnetic", "LEO" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2A11", @@ -945,7 +1101,9 @@ "A circularly polarized antenna", "An isotropic antenna", "A log-periodic dipole array" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2A12", @@ -957,7 +1115,9 @@ "To delay download of telemetry between satellites", "To hold digital messages in the satellite for later download", "To relay messages between satellites" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2B01", @@ -969,7 +1129,9 @@ "Data compression reduces data rate by 3/4", "1/4 of the time interval is used as a guard interval", "Three, four-bit words are used to transmit each pixel" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2B02", @@ -981,7 +1143,9 @@ "60", "525", "1080" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2B03", @@ -993,7 +1157,9 @@ "By scanning each field from bottom-to-top", "By scanning lines from left-to-right in one field and right-to-left in the next", "By scanning odd-numbered lines in one field and even-numbered lines in the next" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2B04", @@ -1005,7 +1171,9 @@ "Color information is sent on a 2.8 kHz subcarrier", "Color is sent in a color burst at the end of each line", "Color is amplitude modulated on the frequency modulated intensity signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2B05", @@ -1017,7 +1185,9 @@ "The vestigial sideband contains chroma information", "Vestigial sideband reduces the bandwidth while increasing the fidelity of low frequency video components", "Vestigial sideband provides high frequency emphasis to sharpen the picture" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2B06", @@ -1029,7 +1199,9 @@ "A type of modulation in which one sideband is inverted", "Narrow-band FM modulation achieved by filtering one sideband from the audio before frequency modulating the carrier", "Spread spectrum modulation achieved by applying FM modulation following single sideband amplitude modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2B07", @@ -1041,7 +1213,9 @@ "QAM and QPSK", "AM and OOK", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2B08", @@ -1053,7 +1227,9 @@ "Using converted satellite TV dishes", "Transmitting on the abandoned TV channel 2", "Using USB and demodulating the signal with a computer sound card" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2B09", @@ -1065,7 +1241,9 @@ "AREDN", "AM", "SSB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2B10", @@ -1077,7 +1255,9 @@ "Tone amplitude", "Sync amplitude", "Sync frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2B11", @@ -1089,7 +1269,9 @@ "To identify the SSTV mode being used", "To provide vertical synchronization", "To identify the call sign of the station transmitting" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2B12", @@ -1101,7 +1283,9 @@ "Elapsed time", "Specific tone amplitudes", "A two-tone signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2C01", @@ -1113,7 +1297,9 @@ "/R# where # is the district of the remote station", "/ followed by the ARRL Section of the remote station", "No additional indicator is required" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2C02", @@ -1125,7 +1311,9 @@ "ARLD", "ADIF", "OCF" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2C03", @@ -1137,7 +1325,9 @@ "6 meters", "70 centimeters", "33 centimeters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2C04", @@ -1149,7 +1339,9 @@ "Frequencies shared with various unlicensed wireless data services", "Cable TV channels 41-43", "The 60-meter band channel centered on 5373 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2C05", @@ -1161,7 +1353,9 @@ "Handle the receiving and sending of confirmations for a DX station", "Run a net to allow many stations to contact a rare DX station", "Communicate to a DXpedition about propagation, band openings, pileup conditions, etc." - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2C06", @@ -1173,7 +1367,9 @@ "In the middle of each band, usually on the national calling frequency", "In the weak signal segment of the band, with most of the activity near the calling frequency", "In the middle of the band, usually 25 kHz above the national calling frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2C07", @@ -1185,7 +1381,9 @@ "A method of exchanging information during a contest QSO", "The most common set of contest rules", "A digital protocol specifically designed for rapid contest exchanges" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2C08", @@ -1197,7 +1395,9 @@ "Contacts between a US station and a non-US station", "Contacts for Worked All States credit", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2C09", @@ -1209,7 +1409,9 @@ "A computer running EchoLink to provide interface from the radio to the internet", "A wireless router running custom firmware", "A 440 MHz transceiver with a 9,600-baud modem" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2C10", @@ -1221,7 +1423,9 @@ "To separate the calling stations from the DX station", "To improve operating efficiency by reducing interference", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2C11", @@ -1233,7 +1437,9 @@ "Send only the last two letters of your call sign until you make contact", "Send your full call sign and grid square", "Send the call sign of the DX station three times, the words “this is,” then your call sign three times" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2C12", @@ -1245,7 +1451,9 @@ "Hang time", "Latency", "Anti-VOX" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2D01", @@ -1257,7 +1465,9 @@ "MSK144", "Hellschreiber", "APRS" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2D02", @@ -1269,7 +1479,9 @@ "State abbreviation", "Serial number", "Grid square" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2D03", @@ -1281,7 +1493,9 @@ "PACTOR III", "WSPR", "Q65" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2D04", @@ -1293,7 +1507,9 @@ "Bandwidth compressed LORAN", "APRS", "PACTOR III" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2D05", @@ -1305,7 +1521,9 @@ "Decodes signals with a very low signal-to-noise ratio", "Symbol rate is 65 baud", "Permits fast-scan TV transmissions over narrow bandwidth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2D06", @@ -1317,7 +1535,9 @@ "Storing and forwarding digital messages", "Judging optimum transmission times by monitoring beacons reflected from the moon", "High-speed CW identification to avoid fading" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2D07", @@ -1329,7 +1549,9 @@ "QAM", "AX.25", "AMTOR" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2D08", @@ -1341,7 +1563,9 @@ "Burst", "Unnumbered Information", "Connect" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2D09", @@ -1353,7 +1577,9 @@ "PSK", "RTTY", "QAM" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2D10", @@ -1365,7 +1591,9 @@ "Three subcarriers are permitted, subcarrier one is being used", "Three digipeater hops are requested with one remaining", "Three internet gateway stations may receive one transmission" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2D11", @@ -1377,7 +1605,9 @@ "By C4FM repeaters", "By DMR repeaters", "By packet digipeaters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2E01", @@ -1389,7 +1619,9 @@ "FSK", "Pulse modulation", "Spread spectrum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2E02", @@ -1401,7 +1633,9 @@ "Synchronization of computer clocks", "Sync-field transmission", "Sync-pulse timing" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2E03", @@ -1413,7 +1647,9 @@ "Four-tone continuous-phase frequency shift keying", "Four transmit/receive cycles per minute", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2E04", @@ -1425,7 +1661,9 @@ "Variable transmit/receive periods", "Seven different tone spacings", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2E05", @@ -1437,7 +1675,9 @@ "RTTY", "PSK31", "MFSK16" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2E06", @@ -1449,7 +1689,9 @@ "8 seconds", "15 seconds", "30 seconds" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2E07", @@ -1461,7 +1703,9 @@ "Quadrature modulation is used", "Multiple receive cycles are averaged", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2E08", @@ -1473,7 +1717,9 @@ "PACTOR", "RTTY", "AMTOR" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E2E09", @@ -1485,7 +1731,9 @@ "PACTOR", "MT63", "PSK31" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E2E10", @@ -1497,7 +1745,9 @@ "170 Hz shift, 45-baud RTTY", "FT8", "PACTOR IV" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E2E11", @@ -1509,7 +1759,9 @@ "Direct FSK occupies less bandwidth", "Direct FSK can transmit higher baud rates", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2E12", @@ -1521,7 +1773,9 @@ "ALE radios monitor an internet site for the frequency they are being paged on", "ALE radios send a constant tone code to establish a frequency for future use", "ALE radios activate when they hear their signal echoed by back scatter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E2E13", @@ -1533,7 +1787,9 @@ "170 Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY", "FT8", "PACTOR IV" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3A01", @@ -1545,7 +1801,9 @@ "2,000 miles, if the moon is at apogee", "5,000 miles, if the moon is at perigee", "12,000 miles, if the moon is “visible” by both stations" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3A02", @@ -1557,7 +1815,9 @@ "A fluttery, irregular fading", "A gradual loss of signal as the sun rises", "The returning echo is several hertz lower in frequency than the transmitted signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3A03", @@ -1569,7 +1829,9 @@ "When the Moon is full", "When the Moon is at apogee", "When the MUF is above 30 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3A04", @@ -1581,7 +1843,9 @@ "It travels parallel to the electric and magnetic fields", "It depends on the phase angle of the electric field", "It travels at a right angle to the electric and magnetic fields" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3A05", @@ -1593,7 +1857,9 @@ "They are tangential", "They are at right angles", "They are 90 degrees out of phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3A06", @@ -1605,7 +1871,9 @@ "Switch to a lower frequency HF band", "Change to an antenna with a higher takeoff angle", "Change to an antenna with greater beam width" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3A07", @@ -1617,7 +1885,9 @@ "Stratocumulus clouds", "Large bodies of water", "Nimbus clouds" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3A08", @@ -1629,7 +1899,9 @@ "The F1 region", "The F2 region", "The D region" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3A09", @@ -1641,7 +1913,9 @@ "10 MHz - 14 MHz", "28 MHz - 148 MHz", "220 MHz - 450 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3A10", @@ -1653,7 +1927,9 @@ "Evanescence", "Birefringence", "The index of refraction" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3A11", @@ -1665,7 +1941,9 @@ "100 miles to 300 miles", "1,200 miles", "2,500 miles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3A12", @@ -1677,7 +1955,9 @@ "Quiet geomagnetic conditions", "Severe geomagnetic storms", "Extreme low-pressure areas in polar regions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3A13", @@ -1689,7 +1969,9 @@ "SSB", "FM", "RTTY" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3A14", @@ -1701,7 +1983,9 @@ "Waves with rotating electric and magnetic fields", "Waves that circle Earth", "Waves produced by a loop antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3B01", @@ -1713,7 +1997,9 @@ "Between points located 1,500 miles to 2,000 miles apart on the geomagnetic equator", "Between points located at each other’s antipode", "Through the region where the terminator crosses the geographic equator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3B02", @@ -1725,7 +2011,9 @@ "2,500 miles", "5,000 miles", "7,500 miles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3B03", @@ -1737,7 +2025,9 @@ "Noon", "Afternoon or early evening", "Late at night" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3B04", @@ -1749,7 +2039,9 @@ "Independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere", "Long-path and short-path waves", "Refracted rays and reflected waves" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3B05", @@ -1761,7 +2053,9 @@ "Paths at high latitudes", "A direct north-south path", "A path entirely in darkness" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3B06", @@ -1773,7 +2067,9 @@ "40 meters and 20 meters", "10 meters and 6 meters", "6 meters and 2 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3B07", @@ -1785,7 +2081,9 @@ "The MUF decreases", "The distance covered by each hop increases", "The critical frequency increases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3B08", @@ -1797,7 +2095,9 @@ "It increases", "It decreases", "It peaks at roughly 8 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3B09", @@ -1809,7 +2109,9 @@ "Around the solstices, especially the winter solstice", "Around the equinoxes, especially the spring equinox", "Around the equinoxes, especially the fall equinox" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3B10", @@ -1821,7 +2123,9 @@ "The MUF for chordal-hop propagation is much lower than for normal skip propagation", "Atmospheric noise is reduced in the direction of chordal-hop propagation", "Signals travel faster along ionospheric chords" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3B11", @@ -1833,7 +2137,9 @@ "Between sunset and midnight", "Between sunset and sunrise", "Between sunrise and sunset" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3B12", @@ -1845,7 +2151,9 @@ "Successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground", "Propagation across the geomagnetic equator", "Signals reflected back toward the transmitting station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3B13", @@ -1857,7 +2165,9 @@ "Horizontal", "Circular", "Elliptical" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3C01", @@ -1869,7 +2179,9 @@ "Sunspots on the solar equator", "North-oriented interplanetary magnetic field", "Solar flares" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3C02", @@ -1881,7 +2193,9 @@ "Decreasing disturbance of the geomagnetic field", "Higher levels of solar UV radiation", "An increase in the critical frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3C03", @@ -1893,7 +2207,9 @@ "Through the auroral oval", "Sporadic-E", "NVIS" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3C04", @@ -1905,7 +2221,9 @@ "Critical frequency for vertical transmissions", "North-south strength of the interplanetary magnetic field", "Duration of long-delayed echoes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3C05", @@ -1917,7 +2235,9 @@ "Northward", "Eastward", "Westward" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3C06", @@ -1929,7 +2249,9 @@ "It is approximately 20 percent nearer", "It is approximately 50 percent farther", "They are approximately the same" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E3C07", @@ -1941,7 +2263,9 @@ "Class Z", "Class M", "Class X" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3C08", @@ -1953,7 +2277,9 @@ "X5", "M9", "G5" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3C09", @@ -1965,7 +2291,9 @@ "Electric field intensity", "Magnetic declination", "Digital-mode and CW signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E3C10", @@ -1977,7 +2305,9 @@ "UV emissions at 304 angstroms, correlated to the solar flux index", "The solar wind velocity at an angle of 304 degrees from the solar equator, correlated to geomagnetic storms", "The solar emission at 304 GHz, correlated to X-ray flare levels" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E3C11", @@ -1989,7 +2319,9 @@ "VHF radio propagation", "HF propagation", "AC current and impedance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E3C12", @@ -2001,7 +2333,9 @@ "A coronal mass ejection impact or a solar flare has occurred", "Transequatorial propagation on 6 meters is likely", "Long-path propagation on the higher HF bands is likely" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4A01", @@ -2013,7 +2347,9 @@ "Analog-to-digital converter reference frequency", "Q of the circuit", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4A02", @@ -2025,7 +2361,9 @@ "Signal amplitude and frequency", "SWR and frequency", "SWR and time" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4A03", @@ -2037,7 +2375,9 @@ "Spectrum analyzer", "Logic analyzer", "Network analyzer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4A04", @@ -2049,7 +2389,9 @@ "A high frequency sine wave is displayed, and the probe is adjusted for maximum amplitude", "A frequency standard is displayed, and the probe is adjusted until the deflection time is accurate", "A DC voltage standard is displayed, and the probe is adjusted until the displayed voltage is accurate" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4A05", @@ -2061,7 +2403,9 @@ "Multiply a higher frequency signal so a low-frequency counter can display the operating frequency", "Prevent oscillation in a low-frequency counter circuit", "Reduce the signal frequency to within the counter's operating range" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4A06", @@ -2073,7 +2417,9 @@ "The waveform DC offset will be inaccurate", "Calibration of the vertical scale is no longer valid", "Excessive blanking occurs, which prevents display of the waveform" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4A07", @@ -2085,7 +2431,9 @@ "Antenna analyzers compute SWR and impedance automatically", "Antenna analyzers display a time-varying representation of the modulation envelope", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4A08", @@ -2097,7 +2445,9 @@ "Vector network analyzer", "Antenna analyzer", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4A09", @@ -2109,7 +2459,9 @@ "Never use a high-impedance probe to measure a low-impedance circuit", "Never use a DC-coupled probe to measure an AC circuit", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4A10", @@ -2121,7 +2473,9 @@ "Edge", "Level", "Line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4A11", @@ -2133,7 +2487,9 @@ "Cable length", "Resonant frequency of a tuned circuit", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4B01", @@ -2145,7 +2501,9 @@ "Time base accuracy", "Decade divider accuracy", "Temperature coefficient of the logic" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4B02", @@ -2157,7 +2515,9 @@ "The reading in volts multiplied by the ohms per volt rating will determine the power drawn by the device under test", "The reading in ohms divided by the ohms per volt rating will determine the voltage applied to the circuit", "The full scale reading in amps divided by ohms per volt rating will determine the size of shunt needed" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4B03", @@ -2169,7 +2529,9 @@ "S12", "S21", "S22" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4B04", @@ -2181,7 +2543,9 @@ "S12", "S21", "S22" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4B05", @@ -2193,7 +2557,9 @@ "Short circuit, open circuit, and 50 ohms", "Short circuit, open circuit, and resonant circuit", "50 ohms through 1/8 wavelength, 1/4 wavelength, and 1/2 wavelength of coaxial cable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4B06", @@ -2205,7 +2571,9 @@ "125 watts", "112.5 watts", "75 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4B07", @@ -2217,7 +2585,9 @@ "The relative time between measurements", "Relative quality of the data", "Frequency order of the measurements" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4B08", @@ -2229,7 +2599,9 @@ "The frequency shift", "The bandwidth of the circuit's frequency response", "The resonant frequency of the circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4B09", @@ -2241,7 +2613,9 @@ "Filter frequency response", "Pulse rise time", "Forward power" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4B10", @@ -2253,7 +2627,9 @@ "Modulate the transmitter using two AF signals having non-harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a spectrum analyzer", "Modulate the transmitter using two AF signals having harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a peak reading wattmeter", "Modulate the transmitter using two RF signals having harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a logic analyzer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4B11", @@ -2265,7 +2641,9 @@ "Output impedance", "Reflection coefficient", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C01", @@ -2277,7 +2655,9 @@ "It can affect the receiver’s frequency calibration", "It decreases the receiver’s third-order intercept point", "It can combine with strong signals on nearby frequencies to generate interference" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C02", @@ -2289,7 +2669,9 @@ "A narrow IF filter", "A notch filter", "A properly adjusted product detector" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4C03", @@ -2301,7 +2683,9 @@ "Cross-modulation interference", "Capture effect", "Frequency discrimination" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4C04", @@ -2313,7 +2697,9 @@ "The ratio of the noise bandwidth in hertz to the theoretical bandwidth of a resistive network", "The ratio in dB of the noise generated in the receiver to atmospheric noise", "The ratio in dB of the noise generated by the receiver to the theoretical minimum noise" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C05", @@ -2325,7 +2711,9 @@ "The theoretical noise in a 1 Hz bandwidth at the input of a perfect receiver at room temperature", "The noise figure of a 1 Hz bandwidth receiver", "The receiver noise is 3 dB above theoretical minimum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4C06", @@ -2337,7 +2725,9 @@ "5 dB", "10 dB", "13 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C07", @@ -2349,7 +2739,9 @@ "The minimum discernible signal", "The modulation distortion specification", "The maximum detectable spectrum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4C08", @@ -2361,7 +2753,9 @@ "One-half of the maximum sampling buffer size", "The maximum count value of the analog-to-digital converter", "The reference voltage of the analog-to-digital converter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C09", @@ -2373,7 +2767,9 @@ "Reduced drift", "Easier for front-end circuitry to eliminate image responses", "Improved receiver noise figure" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4C10", @@ -2385,7 +2781,9 @@ "Receiver power consumption can be reduced when wider bandwidth is not required", "Receive bandwidth can be set to match the modulation bandwidth, maximizing signal-to-noise ratio and minimizing interference", "Multiple frequencies can be received simultaneously if desired" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4C11", @@ -2397,7 +2795,9 @@ "The attenuator has a noise filter to suppress interference", "Signals are attenuated separately from the noise", "Atmospheric noise is generally greater than internally generated noise even after attenuation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C12", @@ -2409,7 +2809,9 @@ "It improves intelligibility by using low Q circuitry to reduce ringing", "It improves blocking dynamic range by attenuating strong signals near the receive frequency", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4C13", @@ -2421,7 +2823,9 @@ "In-phase signals cancelling in a mixer resulting in loss of receiver sensitivity", "Two digital signals combining from alternate time slots", "Local oscillator phase noise mixing with adjacent strong signals to create interference to desired signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4C14", @@ -2433,7 +2837,9 @@ "To change frequency rapidly", "To reduce interference from stations transmitting on adjacent frequencies", "To tune in stations slightly off frequency without changing the transmit frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4D01", @@ -2445,7 +2851,9 @@ "The minimum difference in dB between the levels of two FM signals that will cause one signal to block the other", "The difference in dB between the noise floor and the third-order intercept point", "The minimum difference in dB between two signals which produce third-order intermodulation products greater than the noise floor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4D02", @@ -2457,7 +2865,9 @@ "Oscillator instability requiring frequent retuning and loss of ability to recover the opposite sideband", "Poor weak signal reception caused by insufficient local oscillator injection", "Oscillator instability and severe audio distortion of all but the strongest received signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4D03", @@ -2469,7 +2879,9 @@ "The output signals mix in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters", "The input frequencies are harmonically related", "The output frequencies are harmonically related" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4D04", @@ -2481,7 +2893,9 @@ "A properly terminated circulator at the output of the repeater’s transmitter", "Utilizing a Class C final amplifier", "Utilizing a Class D final amplifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4D06", @@ -2493,7 +2907,9 @@ "Quieting", "Desensitization", "Cross modulation interference" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4D07", @@ -2505,7 +2921,9 @@ "Raise the receiver’s IF frequency", "Increase the receiver’s front-end gain", "Switch from fast AGC to slow AGC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4D08", @@ -2517,7 +2935,9 @@ "Lack of neutralization", "Nonlinear circuits or devices", "Positive feedback" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4D09", @@ -2529,7 +2949,9 @@ "To provide broadband attenuation before the first RF stage to prevent intermodulation", "To increase the rejection of signals outside the band being received", "To allow selection of the optimum RF amplifier device" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4D10", @@ -2541,7 +2963,9 @@ "The receiver can tolerate signals up to 40 dB above the noise floor without producing third-order intermodulation products", "A pair of 40 dBm input signals will theoretically generate a third-order intermodulation product that has the same output amplitude as either of the input signals", "A pair of 1 mW input signals will produce a third-order intermodulation product that is 40 dB stronger than the input signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4D11", @@ -2553,7 +2977,9 @@ "Odd-order products are more likely to overload the IF filters", "Odd-order products are an indication of poor image rejection", "Odd-order intermodulation produces three products for every input signal within the band of interest" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4D12", @@ -2565,7 +2991,9 @@ "-14dB", "+8dB", "+14dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4D13", @@ -2577,7 +3005,9 @@ "-54 dBm", "-57 dBm", "-60 dBm" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4D14", @@ -2589,7 +3019,9 @@ "0.1 microwatt", "0.001 microwatts", "0.1 picowatts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4E01", @@ -2601,7 +3033,9 @@ "Any nearby signal passing through the DSP system will overwhelm the desired signal", "Excessive ringing", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4E02", @@ -2613,7 +3047,9 @@ "Ignition noise", "Power line noise", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4E03", @@ -2625,7 +3061,9 @@ "Impulse noise", "Hum and buzz", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4E04", @@ -2637,7 +3075,9 @@ "By installing a noise suppression resistor and a blocking capacitor at the battery", "By installing a high-pass filter in series with the radio’s power lead and a low-pass filter in parallel with the antenna feed line", "By installing ferrite chokes on the charging system leads" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4E05", @@ -2649,7 +3089,9 @@ "A brute-force AC-line filter in series with the motor’s power leads", "A bypass capacitor in series with the motor’s field winding", "A bypass choke in parallel with the motor’s field winding" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4E06", @@ -2661,7 +3103,9 @@ "A clicking noise at intervals of a few seconds", "The appearance of unstable modulated or unmodulated signals at specific frequencies", "A whining-type noise that continually pulses off and on" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4E07", @@ -2673,7 +3117,9 @@ "Common-mode currents on the shield and conductors", "Use of braided shielding material", "Tying all ground connections to a common point resulting in differential-mode currents in the shield" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4E08", @@ -2685,7 +3131,9 @@ "Common-mode current", "Reactive current only", "Magnetically-coupled current only" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4E09", @@ -2697,7 +3145,9 @@ "The audio frequency bandwidth of the received signal might be compressed", "Strong signals may be distorted and appear to cause spurious emissions", "FM signals can no longer be demodulated" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4E10", @@ -2709,7 +3159,9 @@ "A defective doorbell or doorbell transformer inside a nearby residence", "A malfunctioning illuminated advertising display", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E4E11", @@ -2721,7 +3173,9 @@ "Nearby corroded metal connections are mixing and reradiating the broadcast signals", "You are receiving skywave signals from a distant station", "Your station receiver IF amplifier stage is overloaded" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E4E12", @@ -2733,7 +3187,9 @@ "Radar transmitters", "Wireless security camera transmitters", "Electric fences" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E4E13", @@ -2745,7 +3201,9 @@ "At an AC outlet", "On the single point ground panel", "On a ground rod outside the station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E4E14", @@ -2757,7 +3215,9 @@ "Prevent common-mode transients in multi-wire systems", "Eliminate air gaps between protected and non-protected circuits", "Ensure all lightning protectors activate at the same time" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5A01", @@ -2769,7 +3229,9 @@ "Capacitance", "Low quality factor (Q)", "Resistance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5A02", @@ -2781,7 +3243,9 @@ "22.36 MHz", "3.56 MHz", "1.78 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5A03", @@ -2793,7 +3257,9 @@ "Approximately equal to capacitive reactance", "Approximately equal to inductive reactance", "Approximately equal to circuit resistance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5A04", @@ -2805,7 +3271,9 @@ "Approximately equal to inductive reactance", "Low compared to the circuit resistance", "High compared to the circuit resistance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5A05", @@ -2817,7 +3285,9 @@ "Matching bandwidth is increased", "Losses increase", "Harmonics increase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5A06", @@ -2829,7 +3299,9 @@ "It is at a maximum", "It equals 1 divided by the quantity 2 times pi, times the square root of (inductance L multiplied by capacitance C)", "It equals 2 times pi, times the square root of (inductance L multiplied by capacitance C)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5A07", @@ -2841,7 +3313,9 @@ "Maximum", "R/L", "L/R" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5A08", @@ -2853,7 +3327,9 @@ "The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees", "The voltage and current are in phase", "The voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5A09", @@ -2865,7 +3341,9 @@ "Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance multiplied by the resistance", "Resistance divided by the reactance of either the inductance or capacitance", "Reactance of the inductance multiplied by the reactance of the capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5A10", @@ -2877,7 +3355,9 @@ "23.5 kHz", "7.12 kHz", "23.5 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5A11", @@ -2889,7 +3369,9 @@ "315.6 Hz", "47.3 kHz", "23.67 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5A12", @@ -2901,7 +3383,9 @@ "218.3 kHz", "31.4 kHz", "15.7 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5A13", @@ -2913,7 +3397,9 @@ "Parasitic effects are minimized", "Internal voltages increase", "Phase shift can become uncontrolled" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5B01", @@ -2925,7 +3411,9 @@ "One time constant", "One exponential period", "A time factor of one" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5B02", @@ -2937,7 +3425,9 @@ "X", "Y", "B" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5B03", @@ -2949,7 +3439,9 @@ "Take the reciprocal of the magnitude and change the sign of the angle", "Take the square root of the magnitude and add 180 degrees to the angle", "Square the magnitude and subtract 90 degrees from the angle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5B04", @@ -2961,7 +3453,9 @@ "110 seconds", "440 seconds", "220 seconds" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5B05", @@ -2973,7 +3467,9 @@ "The sign is reversed", "It is shifted by 90 degrees", "It is replaced by its reciprocal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5B06", @@ -2985,7 +3481,9 @@ "The ratio of magnetic field to electric field", "The imaginary part of admittance", "A measure of the efficiency of a transformer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5B07", @@ -2997,7 +3495,9 @@ "14.0 degrees with the voltage leading the current", "14.0 degrees with the voltage lagging the current", "68.2 degrees with the voltage lagging the current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5B08", @@ -3009,7 +3509,9 @@ "63 degrees with the voltage leading the current", "27 degrees with the voltage leading the current", "27 degrees with the voltage lagging the current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5B09", @@ -3021,7 +3523,9 @@ "Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase", "Voltage leads current by 90 degrees", "Current leads voltage by 90 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5B10", @@ -3033,7 +3537,9 @@ "Current leads voltage by 90 degrees", "Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase", "Voltage and current are in phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5B11", @@ -3045,7 +3551,9 @@ "27 degrees with the voltage leading the current", "63 degrees with the voltage lagging the current", "63 degrees with the voltage leading the current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5B12", @@ -3057,7 +3565,9 @@ "The term for the gain of a field effect transistor", "The inverse of reactance", "The term for the on-impedance of a field effect transistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5C01", @@ -3069,7 +3579,9 @@ "0 + j100", "100 - j0", "100 + j0" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5C02", @@ -3081,7 +3593,9 @@ "By real and imaginary parts", "By magnitude and phase angle", "By Y and G values" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5C03", @@ -3093,7 +3607,9 @@ "A negative 45 degree phase angle", "A positive 90 degree phase angle", "A negative 90 degree phase angle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5C04", @@ -3105,7 +3621,9 @@ "Scatter", "Random", "Logarithmic" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5C05", @@ -3117,7 +3635,9 @@ "Near field diagram", "Phasor diagram", "Far field diagram" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5C06", @@ -3129,7 +3649,9 @@ "50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms capacitive reactance", "25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms inductive reactance", "25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms capacitive reactance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5C07", @@ -3141,7 +3663,9 @@ "On a line through the origin, slanted at 45 degrees", "On a horizontal line, offset vertically above the horizontal axis", "On the horizontal axis" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5C08", @@ -3153,7 +3677,9 @@ "Faraday grid", "Elliptical coordinates", "Polar coordinates" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5C09", @@ -3165,7 +3691,9 @@ "The X axis represents the reactive component, and the Y axis represents the resistive component", "The X axis represents the phase angle, and the Y axis represents the magnitude", "The X axis represents the magnitude, and the Y axis represents the phase angle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5C10", @@ -3177,7 +3705,9 @@ "Point 4", "Point 5", "Point 6" - ] + ], + "figure": "e5-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5C11", @@ -3189,7 +3719,9 @@ "Point 3", "Point 7", "Point 8" - ] + ], + "figure": "e5-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5C12", @@ -3201,7 +3733,9 @@ "Point 3", "Point 7", "Point 8" - ] + ], + "figure": "e5-1.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5D01", @@ -3213,7 +3747,9 @@ "Resistance decreases as frequency increases because electron mobility increases", "Resistance increases as temperature increases because of the change in thermal coefficient", "Resistance decreases as temperature increases because of the change in thermal coefficient" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E5D02", @@ -3225,7 +3761,9 @@ "To minimize inductive reactance", "To maintain component lifetime", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5D03", @@ -3237,7 +3775,9 @@ "They are in phase", "They are 90 degrees out of phase", "They are 45 degrees out of phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5D04", @@ -3249,7 +3789,9 @@ "To reduce phase shift along the connection", "To increase compensating capacitance", "To reduce noise figure" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5D05", @@ -3261,7 +3803,9 @@ "Shunt capacitance", "Inductance", "Dielectric leakage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E5D06", @@ -3273,7 +3817,9 @@ "Dielectric loss", "Coupling", "Inter-turn capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5D07", @@ -3285,7 +3831,9 @@ "The component’s nominal and parasitic reactance", "The component’s inductance and capacitance", "The component’s electrical length and impedance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5D08", @@ -3297,7 +3845,9 @@ "Dielectric loss", "Self-discharge", "Skin effect" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5D09", @@ -3309,7 +3859,9 @@ "Energy is stored in magnetic or electric fields, but power is not dissipated", "It is canceled by Coulomb forces in the capacitor and inductor", "It is dissipated in the formation of inductive and capacitive fields" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5D10", @@ -3321,7 +3873,9 @@ "It varies randomly", "It decreases", "It increases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E5D11", @@ -3333,7 +3887,9 @@ "100 watts", "141.4 watts", "200 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E5D12", @@ -3345,7 +3901,9 @@ "Power consumed by an inductor’s wire resistance", "The power consumed in inductors and capacitors", "Wattless, nonproductive power" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6A01", @@ -3357,7 +3915,9 @@ "In high-power audio circuits", "In microwave circuits", "In very low-frequency RF circuits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6A02", @@ -3369,7 +3929,9 @@ "P-type", "Bipolar", "Insulated gate" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6A03", @@ -3381,7 +3943,9 @@ "Only N-type semiconductor material can conduct current", "Holes in P-type material and electrons in the N-type material are separated by the applied voltage, widening the depletion region", "Excess holes in P-type material combine with the electrons in N-type material, converting the entire diode into an insulator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6A04", @@ -3393,7 +3957,9 @@ "N-type impurity", "Acceptor impurity", "Donor impurity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6A05", @@ -3405,7 +3971,9 @@ "An FET has lower input impedance", "An FET has higher input impedance", "They are both high impedance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6A06", @@ -3417,7 +3985,9 @@ "The change in collector current with respect to the change in base current", "The breakdown voltage of the base-to-collector junction", "The switching speed" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6A07", @@ -3429,7 +3999,9 @@ "Base-to-emitter resistance of approximately 0.6 ohms to 0.7 ohms", "Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 6 volts to 7 volts", "Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 0.6 volts to 0.7 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6A08", @@ -3441,7 +4013,9 @@ "Alpha rejection frequency", "Beta cutoff frequency", "Alpha cutoff frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6A09", @@ -3453,7 +4027,9 @@ "An FET that has no current flow between source and drain when no gate voltage is applied", "An FET that exhibits very high electron mobility due to a lack of holes in the N-type material", "An FET for which holes are the majority carriers" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6A10", @@ -3465,7 +4041,9 @@ "4", "5", "6" - ] + ], + "figure": "e6-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6A11", @@ -3477,7 +4055,9 @@ "2", "3", "6" - ] + ], + "figure": "e6-1.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6A12", @@ -3489,7 +4069,9 @@ "To protect the substrate from excessive voltages", "To keep the gate voltage within specifications and prevent the device from overheating", "To protect the gate from static damage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6B01", @@ -3501,7 +4083,9 @@ "A constant voltage drop under conditions of varying current", "A negative resistance region", "An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6B02", @@ -3513,7 +4097,9 @@ "More constant reverse avalanche voltage", "Longer carrier retention time", "Lower forward voltage drop" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6B03", @@ -3525,7 +4111,9 @@ "Band gap", "Junction capacitance", "Junction depth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6B04", @@ -3537,7 +4125,9 @@ "Tunnel diode", "Silicon-controlled rectifier", "Zener diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6B05", @@ -3549,7 +4139,9 @@ "Ability to dissipate large amounts of power", "Reverse bias controls its forward voltage drop", "Low junction capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6B06", @@ -3561,7 +4153,9 @@ "As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control circuit", "In power supplies as a constant voltage reference", "As a VHF/UHF mixer or detector" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6B07", @@ -3573,7 +4167,9 @@ "Excessive junction temperature", "Insufficient forward voltage", "Charge carrier depletion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6B08", @@ -3585,7 +4181,9 @@ "Electrolytic rectifier", "PIN junction", "Thermionic emission diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6B09", @@ -3597,7 +4195,9 @@ "As a constant voltage source", "As an RF detector", "As a high-voltage rectifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6B10", @@ -3609,7 +4209,9 @@ "6", "2", "3" - ] + ], + "figure": "e6-2.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6B11", @@ -3621,7 +4223,9 @@ "A variable RF reference voltage", "Reverse voltage larger than the RF signal", "Capacitance of an RF coupling capacitor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6C01", @@ -3633,7 +4237,9 @@ "To allow the comparator to be used with AC input signals", "To cause the output to continually change states", "To increase the sensitivity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6C02", @@ -3645,7 +4251,9 @@ "The comparator changes its output state", "The reference level appears at the output", "The feedback loop becomes unstable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6C03", @@ -3657,7 +4265,9 @@ "Logic devices that utilize ternary math", "Logic with three output impedances which can be selected to better match the load impedance", "A counter with eight states" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6C04", @@ -3669,7 +4279,9 @@ "It is immune to electrostatic damage", "It has the high input impedance of CMOS and the low output impedance of bipolar transistors", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6C05", @@ -3681,7 +4293,9 @@ "ECL", "NMOS", "CMOS" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6C06", @@ -3693,7 +4307,9 @@ "The input switching threshold is about twice the power supply voltage", "The input switching threshold is about half the power supply voltage", "Bandwidth is very limited" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6C07", @@ -3705,7 +4321,9 @@ "A resistor connected to the positive or negative supply used to establish a voltage when an input or output is an open circuit", "A resistor that ensures that an oscillator frequency does not drift", "A resistor connected to an op-amp output that prevents signals from exceeding the power supply voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6C08", @@ -3717,7 +4335,9 @@ "2", "3", "4" - ] + ], + "figure": "e6-3.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6C09", @@ -3729,7 +4349,9 @@ "Hardware description language (HDL)", "An auto-router", "Machine and assembly language" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6C10", @@ -3741,7 +4363,9 @@ "2", "3", "4" - ] + ], + "figure": "e6-3.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6C11", @@ -3753,7 +4377,9 @@ "4", "5", "6" - ] + ], + "figure": "e6-3.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6D01", @@ -3765,7 +4391,9 @@ "A characteristic of materials that have an index of refraction which depends on the polarization of the electromagnetic wave passing through it", "A characteristic of materials that generate a voltage when stressed and that flex when a voltage is applied", "The ability of materials to generate voltage when an electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency is applied" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6D02", @@ -3777,7 +4405,9 @@ "Parallel RLC, where C is the parallel combination of resonance capacitance of the crystal and electrode and stray capacitance", "Series RLC, where C is the parallel combination of resonance capacitance of the crystal and electrode and stray capacitance", "Parallel RLC, where C is the series combination of resonance capacitance of the crystal and electrode and stray capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6D03", @@ -3789,7 +4419,9 @@ "Mechanical deformation of material due to the application of a magnetic field", "Generation of electrical energy in the presence of light", "Increased conductivity in the presence of light" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6D04", @@ -3801,7 +4433,9 @@ "To reduce power loss from eddy currents in the core", "To increase the cutoff frequency by reducing capacitance", "To save cost by reducing the amount of magnetic material" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6D05", @@ -3813,7 +4447,9 @@ "Ferrite cores generally have better temperature stability", "Ferrite cores generally require fewer turns to produce a given inductance value", "Ferrite cores are easier to use with surface-mount technology" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6D06", @@ -3825,7 +4461,9 @@ "Resistance", "Reactivity", "Permeability" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6D08", @@ -3837,7 +4475,9 @@ "Powdered iron", "Ferrite", "Aluminum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6D09", @@ -3849,7 +4489,9 @@ "Butterworth filters", "Ferrite beads", "Steel-core toroids" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6D10", @@ -3861,7 +4503,9 @@ "Toroidal cores make it easier to couple the magnetic energy into other components", "Toroidal cores exhibit greater hysteresis", "Toroidal cores have lower Q characteristics" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6D11", @@ -3873,7 +4517,9 @@ "Brass", "Ferrite", "Aluminum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6D12", @@ -3885,7 +4531,9 @@ "Selecting a core with low permeability", "Operation at excessive magnetic flux", "Selecting a core with excessive permittivity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6E01", @@ -3897,7 +4545,9 @@ "Higher electron mobility", "Lower junction voltage drop", "Lower transconductance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6E02", @@ -3909,7 +4559,9 @@ "PLCC", "BGA", "SOT" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6E03", @@ -3921,7 +4573,9 @@ "Silicon nitride", "Silicon dioxide", "Gallium nitride" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6E04", @@ -3933,7 +4587,9 @@ "300 ohms", "450 ohms", "75 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6E05", @@ -3945,7 +4601,9 @@ "-10 dB", "44 dBm", "-20 dBm" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6E06", @@ -3957,7 +4615,9 @@ "Extremely high Q factor and high stability over a wide temperature range", "Nearly infinite gain, very high input impedance, and very low output impedance", "Controlled gain, low noise figure, and constant input and output impedance over the specified frequency range" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6E07", @@ -3969,7 +4629,9 @@ "Circular waveguide", "Parallel wire", "Microstrip" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6E08", @@ -3981,7 +4643,9 @@ "MMICs require no operating bias", "Through a resistor and/or RF choke connected to the amplifier output lead", "Directly to the bias voltage (Vcc) lead" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6E09", @@ -3993,7 +4657,9 @@ "Axial lead", "Radial lead", "Surface mount" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6E10", @@ -4005,7 +4671,9 @@ "Shorter circuit board traces", "Components have less parasitic inductance and capacitance", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6E11", @@ -4017,7 +4685,9 @@ "Extremely high resistance between pins (doubly insulated package)", "Two chips in each package (dual in package)", "Two rows of connecting pins on opposite sides of package (dual in-line package)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6E12", @@ -4029,7 +4699,9 @@ "Epoxy coating is conductive above 300 MHz", "Excessive lead length", "Unsuitable for combining analog and digital signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6F01", @@ -4041,7 +4713,9 @@ "Photons", "Electrons", "Holes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6F02", @@ -4053,7 +4727,9 @@ "Resistance increases", "Reflectivity increases", "Reflectivity decreases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6F03", @@ -4065,7 +4741,9 @@ "A frequency-modulated helium-neon laser", "An amplitude-modulated helium-neon laser", "An LED and a phototransistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6F04", @@ -4077,7 +4755,9 @@ "The conversion of light to electrical energy", "The effect that causes a photodiode to emit light when a voltage is applied", "The effect that causes a phototransistor’s beta to decrease when exposed to light" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6F05", @@ -4089,7 +4769,9 @@ "A device that measures the strength of a beam of light using analog-to-digital conversion", "An optical computing device in which light is coupled between devices by fiber optics", "A device for generating RTTY signals by means of a rotating light source" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E6F06", @@ -4101,7 +4783,9 @@ "Argon", "Crystalline semiconductor", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6F07", @@ -4113,7 +4797,9 @@ "A device that uses semiconductors to implement the functions of an electromechanical relay", "A mechanical relay that latches in the on or off state each time it is pulsed", "A semiconductor switch that uses a monostable multivibrator circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6F08", @@ -4125,7 +4811,9 @@ "Optoisolators provide impedance matching between the control circuit and power circuit", "Optoisolators provide an electrical isolation between a control circuit and the circuit being switched", "Optoisolators eliminate the effects of reflected light in the control circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E6F09", @@ -4137,7 +4825,9 @@ "The output in lumens divided by the input power in watts", "The open-circuit voltage divided by the short-circuit current under full illumination", "The relative fraction of light that is converted to current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E6F10", @@ -4149,7 +4839,9 @@ "Silicon", "Cadmium sulfide", "Indium arsenide" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E6F11", @@ -4161,7 +4853,9 @@ "0.7 volts", "1.1 volts", "1.5 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7A01", @@ -4173,7 +4867,9 @@ "An OR gate", "A flip-flop", "A bipolar amplifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7A02", @@ -4185,7 +4881,9 @@ "It decodes a decimal number for display on a seven-segment LED display", "It produces 10 output pulses for every input pulse", "It decodes a binary number for display on a seven-segment LED display" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7A03", @@ -4197,7 +4895,9 @@ "A flip-flop", "An OR gate", "A multiplexer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7A04", @@ -4209,7 +4909,9 @@ "6", "8", "16" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7A05", @@ -4221,7 +4923,9 @@ "J-K flip-flop", "T flip-flop", "Astable multivibrator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7A06", @@ -4233,7 +4937,9 @@ "It produces a continuous square wave", "It stores one bit of data", "It maintains a constant output voltage, regardless of variations in the input voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7A07", @@ -4245,7 +4951,9 @@ "It produces a 1 at its output only if all inputs are 1", "It produces a 0 at its output if some but not all inputs are 1", "It produces a 0 at its output only if all inputs are 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7A08", @@ -4257,7 +4965,9 @@ "It produces a 0 at its output if all inputs are 1", "It produces a 0 at its output if some but not all inputs are 1", "It produces a 1 at its output if all inputs are 0" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7A09", @@ -4269,7 +4979,9 @@ "It produces a 1 at its output only if all inputs are 1", "It produces a 0 at its output if one and only one of its inputs is 1", "It produces a 1 at its output if one and only one input is 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7A10", @@ -4281,7 +4993,9 @@ "A list of inputs and corresponding outputs for a digital device", "A diagram showing logic states when the digital gate output is true", "A table of logic symbols that indicate the logic states of an op-amp" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7A11", @@ -4293,7 +5007,9 @@ "High voltage represents a 1, low voltage a 0", "The logic circuit is in the “true” condition", "1s and 0s are defined as different positive voltage levels" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7B01", @@ -4305,7 +5021,9 @@ "Exactly 180 degrees", "The entire cycle", "Less than 180 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7B02", @@ -4317,7 +5035,9 @@ "A low power amplifier that uses a differential amplifier for improved linearity", "An amplifier that uses drift-mode FETs for high efficiency", "An amplifier biased to be relatively free from distortion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7B03", @@ -4329,7 +5049,9 @@ "A high-pass filter to compensate for low gain at low frequencies", "A matched load resistor to prevent damage by switching transients", "A temperature compensating load resistor to improve linearity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7B04", @@ -4341,7 +5063,9 @@ "Approximately halfway between the emitter voltage and the base voltage", "At a point where the bias resistor equals the load resistor", "At a point where the load line intersects the zero bias current curve" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7B05", @@ -4353,7 +5077,9 @@ "Tune both the input and output for maximum power", "Install parasitic suppressors and/or neutralize the stage", "Use a phase inverter in the output filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7B06", @@ -4365,7 +5091,9 @@ "Low input impedance", "High electrostatic damage protection", "Low bandwidth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7B07", @@ -4377,7 +5105,9 @@ "Increased overall intelligibility", "Reduced third-order intermodulation", "Signal distortion and excessive bandwidth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7B08", @@ -4389,7 +5119,9 @@ "The switching device is at saturation or cutoff most of the time", "Linear amplifiers have high gain resulting in higher harmonic content", "Switching amplifiers use push-pull circuits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7B09", @@ -4401,7 +5133,9 @@ "Differential inputs and single output", "Acts as an OR circuit if one input is grounded", "Input and output signals in-phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7B10", @@ -4413,7 +5147,9 @@ "Voltage divider bias", "Self bias", "Feedback" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7B11", @@ -4425,7 +5161,9 @@ "Emitter bypass", "Output load resistor", "Self bias" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7B12", @@ -4437,7 +5175,9 @@ "Common collector", "Common emitter", "Emitter follower" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7C01", @@ -4449,7 +5189,9 @@ "Two capacitors are in series between the input and output, and an inductor is connected between the two capacitors and ground", "An inductor is connected between the input and ground, another inductor is connected between the output and ground, and a capacitor is connected between the input and output", "A capacitor is connected between the input and ground, another capacitor is connected between the output and ground, and an inductor is connected between the input and output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7C02", @@ -4461,7 +5203,9 @@ "High-pass", "Band-pass", "Notch" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7C03", @@ -4473,7 +5217,9 @@ "Higher efficiency", "To eliminate one capacitor", "Greater transformation range" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7C04", @@ -4485,7 +5231,9 @@ "It introduces transconductance to cancel the reactive part of impedance", "It cancels the reactive part of the impedance and changes the resistive part to the desired value", "Reactive currents are dissipated in matched resistances" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7C05", @@ -4497,7 +5245,9 @@ "An active LC filter", "A passive op-amp filter", "A Chebyshev filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7C06", @@ -4509,7 +5259,9 @@ "Extremely flat response over its pass band with gradually rounded stop-band corners", "Extremely sharp cutoff with one or more notches in the stop band", "Gradual passband rolloff with extreme stop-band ripple" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7C07", @@ -4521,7 +5273,9 @@ "A Pi-network with an additional output series inductor", "A network with only three discrete parts", "A matching network in which all components are isolated from ground" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7C08", @@ -4533,7 +5287,9 @@ "A helical filter", "A swinging choke filter", "A finite impulse response filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7C09", @@ -4545,7 +5301,9 @@ "An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1 kHz intervals", "A filter using lattice-shaped quartz crystals for high-Q performance", "A filter for low-level signals made using quartz crystals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7C10", @@ -4557,7 +5315,9 @@ "A cavity filter", "A DSP filter", "An L-C filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7C11", @@ -4569,7 +5329,9 @@ "Phase response", "Shape factor", "Noise factor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D01", @@ -4581,7 +5343,9 @@ "It eliminates the need for a pass transistor", "The control element duty cycle is proportional to the line or load conditions", "The conduction of a control element is varied to maintain a constant output voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7D02", @@ -4593,7 +5357,9 @@ "By varying the duty cycle of pulses input to a filter", "By varying the conductivity of a pass element", "By switching between two Zener diode reference voltages" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7D03", @@ -4605,7 +5371,9 @@ "A digital-to-analog converter", "An SCR", "An analog-to-digital converter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7D04", @@ -4617,7 +5385,9 @@ "A series regulator", "A shunt regulator", "A shunt current source" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7D05", @@ -4629,7 +5399,9 @@ "A series regulator", "A shunt current source", "A shunt regulator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7D06", @@ -4641,7 +5413,9 @@ "It provides a constant load for the voltage source", "It controls the current to keep the output voltage constant", "It provides regulation by switching or “chopping” the input DC voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-2.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D07", @@ -4653,7 +5427,9 @@ "It is a brute force filter for the output", "To prevent self-oscillation", "To provide fixed DC bias for Q1" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-2.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7D08", @@ -4665,7 +5441,9 @@ "Common emitter amplifier", "Linear voltage regulator", "Common base amplifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-2.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D09", @@ -4677,7 +5455,9 @@ "Average current divided by internal resistance", "Capacity in amp-hours divided by average current", "Internal resistance divided by average current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D10", @@ -4689,7 +5469,9 @@ "The control circuitry uses less current, therefore smaller heat sinks are required", "The high frequency inverter design uses much smaller transformers and filter components for an equivalent power output", "It recovers power from the unused portion of the AC cycle, thus using fewer components" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D11", @@ -4701,7 +5483,9 @@ "Maintain voltage with varying illumination levels", "Prevent discharge when panel is not illuminated", "Convert the panel’s output from DC to AC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7D12", @@ -4713,7 +5497,9 @@ "Maximum output voltage drop when the input voltage is varied over its specified range", "Minimum input-to-output voltage required to maintain regulation", "Maximum that the output voltage may decrease at rated load" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D13", @@ -4725,7 +5511,9 @@ "Input voltage divided by output current", "Voltage difference from input to output multiplied by output current", "Output voltage multiplied by output current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7D14", @@ -4737,7 +5525,9 @@ "Discharge the capacitors when voltage is removed", "Provide a minimum load on the supply", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7D15", @@ -4749,7 +5539,9 @@ "To compensate for variations of the incoming line voltage", "To prevent arcing across the input power switch or relay contacts", "To allow the filter capacitors to charge gradually" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7E01", @@ -4761,7 +5553,9 @@ "Reactance modulation of a local oscillator", "Reactance modulation of the final amplifier", "Balanced modulation of a local oscillator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7E02", @@ -4773,7 +5567,9 @@ "Produce AM signals by varying an inductance", "Produce AM signals by varying a resistance", "Produce PM or FM signals by varying a capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7E03", @@ -4785,7 +5581,9 @@ "A circuit for filtering closely adjacent signals", "An automatic band-switching circuit", "A circuit for detecting FM signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7E04", @@ -4797,7 +5595,9 @@ "Use a reactance modulator followed by a mixer", "Use a loop modulator followed by a mixer", "Use a product detector with a DSB signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7E05", @@ -4809,7 +5609,9 @@ "A harmonic enhancer", "A heterodyne enhancer", "A pre-emphasis network" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7E06", @@ -4821,7 +5623,9 @@ "To reduce impulse noise reception", "For higher efficiency", "To remove third-order distortion products" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7E07", @@ -4833,7 +5637,9 @@ "The frequency range occupied by a message signal prior to modulation", "The unmodulated bandwidth of the transmitted signal", "The basic oscillator frequency in an FM transmitter that is multiplied to increase the deviation and carrier frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7E08", @@ -4845,7 +5651,9 @@ "The square root of the product of input frequencies", "The two input frequencies along with their sum and difference frequencies", "1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7E09", @@ -4857,7 +5665,9 @@ "Mixer blanking occurs", "Automatic limiting occurs", "Excessive AGC voltage levels are generated" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7E10", @@ -4869,7 +5679,9 @@ "By breakdown of the Zener voltage", "By mixing signals with noise in the transition region of the diode", "By sensing the change of reactance in the diode with respect to frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7E11", @@ -4881,7 +5693,9 @@ "Phase detector", "Product detector", "Phase comparator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7F01", @@ -4893,7 +5707,9 @@ "I and Q signals are generated by digital processing without the use of RF amplification", "Incoming RF is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter without being mixed with a local oscillator signal", "A switching mixer is used to generate I and Q signals directly from the RF input" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7F02", @@ -4905,7 +5721,9 @@ "A crystal-lattice filter", "A Hilbert-transform filter", "A phase-inverting filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7F03", @@ -4917,7 +5735,9 @@ "A notch filter", "A Hilbert-transform filter", "An elliptical filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7F04", @@ -4929,7 +5749,9 @@ "A frequency synthesizer removes unwanted sidebands", "Varying quartz crystal characteristics are emulated in digital form", "Signals are combined in quadrature phase relationship" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7F05", @@ -4941,7 +5763,9 @@ "At least twice the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal", "At the same rate as the highest frequency component of the signal", "At four times the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7F06", @@ -4953,7 +5777,9 @@ "6 bits", "8 bits", "10 bits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7F07", @@ -4965,7 +5791,9 @@ "Converting digital signals to analog form", "Converting signals from the time domain to the frequency domain", "Converting signals from the frequency domain to the time domain" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7F08", @@ -4977,7 +5805,9 @@ "Reducing the effective sample rate by removing samples", "Attenuating the signal", "Removing unnecessary significant digits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7F09", @@ -4989,7 +5819,9 @@ "It peaks the response of the decimator, improving bandwidth", "It removes low-frequency signal components to eliminate the need for DC restoration", "It notches out the sampling frequency to avoid sampling errors" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7F10", @@ -5001,7 +5833,9 @@ "Sample width in bits", "Integral non-linearity", "Differential non-linearity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7F11", @@ -5013,7 +5847,9 @@ "Reference voltage level and sample width in bits", "Data storage transfer rate", "Missing codes and jitter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7F12", @@ -5025,7 +5861,9 @@ "FIR filters are easier to implement for a given set of passband rolloff requirements", "FIR filters can respond faster to impulses", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7F13", @@ -5037,7 +5875,9 @@ "Provide access for debugging software", "Select the point at which baseband signals are generated", "Provide incremental signal delays for filter algorithms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7F14", @@ -5049,7 +5889,9 @@ "More taps", "Lower Q", "Double-precision math routines" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7G01", @@ -5061,7 +5903,9 @@ "Very high", "100 ohms", "10,000 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7G02", @@ -5073,7 +5917,9 @@ "Low-pass filter", "Band-pass filter", "Notch filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7G03", @@ -5085,7 +5931,9 @@ "10,000 ohms", "Very low", "Very high" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7G04", @@ -5097,7 +5945,9 @@ "The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required in the immediately following stage", "The differential input voltage needed to bring the open loop output voltage to zero", "The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open loop condition" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7G05", @@ -5109,7 +5959,9 @@ "Restrict gain but increase Q", "Restrict Q but increase gain", "Increase both gain and Q" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7G06", @@ -5121,7 +5973,9 @@ "The frequency at which the open-loop gain of the amplifier equals one", "The gain of the amplifier at a filter’s cutoff frequency", "The frequency at which the amplifier’s offset voltage is zero" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7G07", @@ -5133,7 +5987,9 @@ "4700", "47", "24" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-3.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7G08", @@ -5145,7 +6001,9 @@ "It decreases linearly with increasing frequency", "It decreases logarithmically with increasing frequency", "It does not vary with frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7G09", @@ -5157,7 +6015,9 @@ "2.3 volts", "-0.23 volts", "-2.3 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-3.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7G10", @@ -5169,7 +6029,9 @@ "0.03", "38", "76" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-3.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7G11", @@ -5181,7 +6043,9 @@ "14", "7", "0.07" - ] + ], + "figure": "e7-3.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7G12", @@ -5193,7 +6057,9 @@ "A digital audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components external to the amplifier", "An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit", "A RF amplifier used in the UHF and microwave regions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7H01", @@ -5205,7 +6071,9 @@ "Pierce, Fenner, and Beane", "Taft, Hartley, and Pierce", "Colpitts, Hartley, and Pierce" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7H02", @@ -5217,7 +6085,9 @@ "Distortion caused by RF pickup on the microphone cable", "Changes in oscillator frequency caused by mechanical vibration", "Excess loading of the microphone by an oscillator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7H03", @@ -5229,7 +6099,9 @@ "An electronic circuit also known as a monostable multivibrator", "An electronic servo loop consisting of a phase detector, a low-pass filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, and a stable reference oscillator", "An electronic circuit consisting of a precision push-pull amplifier with a differential phase input" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7H04", @@ -5241,7 +6113,9 @@ "Through link coupling", "Through a capacitive divider", "Through a neutralizing capacitor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7H05", @@ -5253,7 +6127,9 @@ "Through link coupling", "Through a neutralizing capacitor", "Through a quartz crystal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7H06", @@ -5265,7 +6141,9 @@ "Frequency synthesis and FM demodulation", "Photovoltaic conversion and optical coupling", "Comparison of two digital input signals and digital pulse counting" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7H07", @@ -5277,7 +6155,9 @@ "Reduce noise on the oscillator’s power supply", "Increase the gain", "Mechanically isolate the oscillator circuitry from its enclosure" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E7H08", @@ -5289,7 +6169,9 @@ "Toroidal inductors", "Wirewound resistors", "Non-inductive resistors" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7H09", @@ -5301,7 +6183,9 @@ "A hybrid synthesizer", "A phase-locked loop synthesizer", "A direct conversion synthesizer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E7H10", @@ -5313,7 +6197,9 @@ "Amplitude values that represent the desired waveform", "The phase relationship between a voltage-controlled oscillator and the output waveform", "Frequently used receiver and transmitter frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7H11", @@ -5325,7 +6211,9 @@ "Digital conversion noise", "Spurious signals at discrete frequencies", "Harmonics of the local oscillator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E7H12", @@ -5337,7 +6225,9 @@ "Provide the crystal with a specified parallel capacitance", "Bias the crystal at a specified voltage", "Bias the crystal at a specified current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E7H13", @@ -5349,7 +6239,9 @@ "Use a rubidium stabilized reference oscillator", "Use a temperature-controlled high Q dielectric resonator", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8A01", @@ -5361,7 +6253,9 @@ "Vector analysis", "Numerical analysis", "Differential analysis" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8A02", @@ -5373,7 +6267,9 @@ "Harmonic regeneration", "Level shifting", "Phase reversal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8A03", @@ -5385,7 +6281,9 @@ "Amplitude at different times", "Frequency at different times", "Discrete impulses in time order" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8A04", @@ -5397,7 +6295,9 @@ "A small amount of noise added to the input signal to reduce quantization noise", "An error caused by irregular quantization step size", "A method of decimation by randomly skipping samples" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8A05", @@ -5409,7 +6309,9 @@ "The signal’s RMS noise factor is also calculated", "The calculated RMS value can be converted directly into phasor form", "RMS is measured for both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8A06", @@ -5421,7 +6323,9 @@ "25 to 1", "1 to 1", "13 to 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8A07", @@ -5433,7 +6337,9 @@ "Speech characteristics", "The degree of carrier suppression", "Amplifier gain" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8A08", @@ -5445,7 +6351,9 @@ "Immunity to out-of-sequence coding reduces spurious responses", "Very high speed allows digitizing high frequencies", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8A09", @@ -5457,7 +6365,9 @@ "8 multiplied by the gain of the input amplifier", "256 divided by the gain of the input amplifier", "256" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8A10", @@ -5469,7 +6379,9 @@ "Improve accuracy by removing out-of-sequence codes from the input", "Remove spurious sampling artifacts from the output signal", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8A11", @@ -5481,7 +6393,9 @@ "Peak envelope power", "Reciprocal mixing", "Power factor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8B01", @@ -5493,7 +6407,9 @@ "The ratio of modulating signal amplitude to frequency deviation", "The modulating signal frequency divided by the bandwidth of the transmitted signal", "The bandwidth of the transmitted signal divided by the modulating signal frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8B02", @@ -5505,7 +6421,9 @@ "It decreases as the RF carrier frequency increases", "It varies with the square root of the RF carrier frequency", "It does not depend on the RF carrier frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8B03", @@ -5517,19 +6435,23 @@ "0.3", "6", "0.6" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8B04", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the modulation index of an FM phone signal having a maximum carrier deviation of plus or minus 6 kHz if the highest modulating frequency is 2 kHz?", + "question": "What is the modulation index of an FM phone signal having a maximum carrier deviation of plus or minus 6 kHz if the highest modulating frequency is 2 kHz?", "answers": [ "0.3", "3", "0.6", "6" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8B05", @@ -5541,7 +6463,9 @@ "0.167", "0.6", "1.67" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8B06", @@ -5553,7 +6477,9 @@ "0.214", "0.47", "47" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8B07", @@ -5565,7 +6491,9 @@ "Extremely low-power contacts", "EME", "OFDM signals are not allowed on amateur bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8B08", @@ -5577,7 +6505,9 @@ "A bandwidth compression technique using Fourier transforms", "A digital mode for narrow-band, slow-speed transmissions", "A digital modulation technique using subcarriers at frequencies chosen to avoid intersymbol interference" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8B09", @@ -5589,7 +6519,9 @@ "The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the highest audio modulating frequency", "The ratio of the carrier center frequency to the audio modulating frequency", "The ratio of the highest audio modulating frequency to the average audio modulating frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8B10", @@ -5601,7 +6533,9 @@ "Dividing the transmitted signal into separate frequency bands that each carry a different data stream", "The transmitted signal is divided into packets of information", "Two or more information streams are merged into a digital combiner, which then pulse position modulates the transmitter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8B11", @@ -5613,7 +6547,9 @@ "Two or more signals are arranged to share discrete time slots of a data transmission", "Two or more data streams share the same channel by transmitting time of transmission as the sub-carrier", "Two or more signals are quadrature modulated to increase bandwidth efficiency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8C01", @@ -5625,7 +6561,9 @@ "Transmission of data by modulating the amplitude of two carriers of the same frequency but 90 degrees out of phase", "A method of performing single sideband modulation by shifting the phase of the carrier and modulation components of the signal", "A technique for analog modulation of television video signals using phase modulation and compression" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8C02", @@ -5637,7 +6575,9 @@ "The maximum rate at which the forward error correction code can make corrections", "The rate at which the waveform changes to convey information", "The number of characters carried per second by the station-to-station link" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8C03", @@ -5649,7 +6589,9 @@ "To simplify modulation", "To improve carrier suppression", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8C04", @@ -5661,7 +6603,9 @@ "Reed-Solomon character encoding", "Use of sinusoidal data pulses", "Use of linear data pulses" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8C05", @@ -5673,7 +6617,9 @@ "26 Hz", "52 Hz", "104 Hz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8C06", @@ -5685,7 +6631,9 @@ "50 Hz", "600 Hz", "2.4 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8C07", @@ -5697,7 +6645,9 @@ "9.6 kHz", "4.8 kHz", "5.76 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8C08", @@ -5709,7 +6659,9 @@ "Special polynomial codes provide automatic correction", "If errors are detected, redundant data is substituted", "If errors are detected, a retransmission is requested" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8C09", @@ -5721,7 +6673,9 @@ "Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code", "Extended ASCII", "Gray code" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8C10", @@ -5733,7 +6687,9 @@ "Increasing analog-to-digital conversion resolution", "Using a more efficient digital code", "Using forward error correction" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8C11", @@ -5745,7 +6701,9 @@ "Baud is twice the symbol rate", "Baud rate is half the symbol rate", "The relationship depends on the specific code used" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8C12", @@ -5757,7 +6715,9 @@ "Modulation index and output power", "Keying speed and shape factor (rise and fall time)", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8C13", @@ -5769,7 +6729,9 @@ "The possible phase and amplitude states for each symbol", "Frequency response of the signal stream", "The number of bits used for error correction in the protocol" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8C14", @@ -5781,7 +6743,9 @@ "Trust server", "Internet Protocol (IP)", "Talk group" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8C15", @@ -5793,7 +6757,9 @@ "Acting as store-and-forward digipeaters", "Discovery and link establishment protocols", "Custom code plugs for the local trunking systems" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8D01", @@ -5805,7 +6771,9 @@ "The high power used by a spread spectrum transmitter keeps its signal from being easily overpowered", "Built-in error correction codes minimize interference", "If the receiver detects interference, it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8D02", @@ -5817,7 +6785,9 @@ "Direct sequence", "Binary phase-shift keying", "Phase compandored spread spectrum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8D03", @@ -5829,7 +6799,9 @@ "RF signals are clipped to generate a wide band of harmonics which provides redundancy to correct errors", "A binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a pseudorandom sequence", "Rapidly varying the frequency of a transmitted signal according to a pseudorandom sequence" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8D04", @@ -5841,7 +6813,9 @@ "The generation of RF harmonics", "The generation of key clicks", "More difficult to tune" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E8D05", @@ -5853,7 +6827,9 @@ "Insert low-pass filters at the transmitter output", "Reduce keying waveform rise and fall times", "Insert high-pass filters at the transmitter output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E8D06", @@ -5865,7 +6841,9 @@ "Signal-to-noise ratio is improved", "A larger character set is available", "Some types of errors can be detected" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8D07", @@ -5877,7 +6855,9 @@ "Excessive frequency deviation", "Bit errors in the modem", "Excessive transmit audio levels" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8D08", @@ -5889,7 +6869,9 @@ "Baud error rate", "Repeat Request Rate (RRR)", "Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8D09", @@ -5901,7 +6883,9 @@ "+10 dB", "+15 dB", "-30 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E8D10", @@ -5913,7 +6897,9 @@ "Baudot uses 5 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 2 characters as letters/figures shift codes, ASCII has no letters/figures shift code", "Baudot uses 6 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes", "Baudot uses 7 data bits per character, ASCII uses 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E8D11", @@ -5925,7 +6911,9 @@ "It contains fewer information bits per character than any other code", "It is possible to transmit both uppercase and lowercase text", "It uses one character as a shift code to send numeric and special characters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9A01", @@ -5937,7 +6925,9 @@ "An omnidirectional, horizontally polarized, precisely calibrated antenna used to make field measurements of antenna gain", "A hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions used as a reference for antenna gain", "A spacecraft antenna used to direct signals toward Earth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9A02", @@ -5949,7 +6939,9 @@ "78.7 watts", "420 watts", "286 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9A03", @@ -5961,7 +6953,9 @@ "Half-power bandwidth", "Effective radiated power", "Apparent power" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9A04", @@ -5973,7 +6967,9 @@ "Antenna height", "The settings of an antenna tuner at the transmitter", "The input power level" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9A05", @@ -5985,7 +6981,9 @@ "The gain of the antenna with respect to a dipole at ground level", "To force net gain to 0 dB by grounding part of the antenna", "An increase in signal strength from ground reflections in the environment of the antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9A06", @@ -5997,7 +6995,9 @@ "2,000 watts", "126 watts", "300 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9A07", @@ -6009,7 +7009,9 @@ "252 watts", "632 watts", "63.2 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9A08", @@ -6021,7 +7023,9 @@ "3.4 GHz", "2.4 GHz", "900 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9A09", @@ -6033,7 +7037,9 @@ "Radiation resistance divided by total resistance", "Total resistance divided by radiation resistance", "Effective radiated power divided by transmitter output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9A10", @@ -6045,7 +7051,9 @@ "Isolating the coax shield from ground", "Shortening the radiating element", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9A11", @@ -6057,7 +7065,9 @@ "Distance from the transmitter", "Soil conductivity", "Take-off angle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9A12", @@ -6069,7 +7079,9 @@ "6.0 dB", "8.15 dB", "2.79 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9B01", @@ -6081,7 +7093,9 @@ "50 degrees", "25 degrees", "30 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9B02", @@ -6093,7 +7107,9 @@ "14 dB", "24 dB", "18 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-1.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9B03", @@ -6105,7 +7121,9 @@ "24 dB", "18 dB", "14 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-1.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9B04", @@ -6117,7 +7135,9 @@ "28 dB", "3 dB", "38 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-2.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9B05", @@ -6129,7 +7149,9 @@ "Azimuth", "Near field", "Polarization" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-2.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9B06", @@ -6141,7 +7163,9 @@ "75 degrees", "7.5 degrees", "25 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-2.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9B07", @@ -6153,7 +7177,9 @@ "The power radiated from the directional antenna is stronger by its front-to-back ratio", "They are the same", "The power radiated from the isotropic radiator is 2.15 dB greater than that from the directional antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9B08", @@ -6165,7 +7191,9 @@ "The region where radiated power dissipates over a specified time period", "The region where radiated field strengths are constant", "The region where the shape of the radiation pattern no longer varies with distance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9B09", @@ -6177,7 +7205,9 @@ "Method of Moments", "Mutual impedance analysis", "Calculus differentiation with respect to physical properties" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9B10", @@ -6189,7 +7219,9 @@ "A wire is modeled as a single sine-wave current generator", "A wire is modeled as a single sine-wave voltage source", "A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a distinct value of voltage across it" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9B11", @@ -6201,7 +7233,9 @@ "The resulting design will favor radiation of harmonic energy", "The computed feed point impedance may be incorrect", "The antenna will become mechanically unstable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9C01", @@ -6213,7 +7247,9 @@ "Omni-directional", "A figure-eight broadside to the axis of the array", "A figure-eight oriented along the axis of the array" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9C02", @@ -6225,7 +7261,9 @@ "A figure-eight end-fire along the axis of the array", "A figure-eight broadside to the axis of the array", "Omni-directional" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9C03", @@ -6237,7 +7275,9 @@ "Cardioid", "A figure-eight broadside to the axis of the array", "A figure-eight end-fire along the axis of the array" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9C04", @@ -6249,7 +7289,9 @@ "Additional lobes form with major lobes increasingly aligned with the axis of the antenna", "The elevation angle increases, and the front-to-rear ratio decreases", "The elevation angle increases, while the front-to-rear ratio is unaffected" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9C05", @@ -6261,7 +7303,9 @@ "To suppress off-center lobes at higher frequencies", "To resonate the antenna across a wider range of frequencies", "To reduce common-mode current coupling on the feed line shield" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9C06", @@ -6273,7 +7317,9 @@ "It changes the radiation pattern from bidirectional to unidirectional", "It changes the radiation pattern from horizontal to vertical polarization", "It decreases the ground loss" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9C07", @@ -6285,7 +7331,9 @@ "72 ohms", "50 ohms", "450 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9C08", @@ -6297,7 +7345,9 @@ "A center-fed dipole with the ends folded down 90 degrees at the midpoint of each side", "A half-wave dipole with an additional parallel wire connecting its two ends", "A dipole configured to provide forward gain" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9C09", @@ -6309,7 +7359,9 @@ "A multi-band trap antenna", "A phased array antenna consisting of multiple loops", "A wide band dipole using shorted coaxial cable for the radiating elements and fed with a 4:1 balun" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9C10", @@ -6321,7 +7373,9 @@ "An end-fed half-wavelength dipole", "An omni-directional antenna commonly used for satellite communications", "A vertical array capable of quickly changing the direction of maximum radiation by changing phasing lines" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9C11", @@ -6333,7 +7387,9 @@ "Additional lobes appear at higher elevation angles", "Separate elevation lobes will combine into a single lobe", "Radiation at low angles increases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9C12", @@ -6345,7 +7401,9 @@ "A center-fed 1.5-wavelength dipole antenna", "A center-fed 1.25-wavelength dipole antenna", "An end-fed 2-wavelength dipole antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9C13", @@ -6357,7 +7415,9 @@ "The takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases", "The horizontal beamwidth increases", "The horizontal beamwidth decreases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9C14", @@ -6369,7 +7429,9 @@ "The main lobe takeoff angle decreases in the downhill direction", "The horizontal beamwidth decreases in the downhill direction", "The horizontal beamwidth increases in the uphill direction" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9D01", @@ -6381,7 +7443,9 @@ "3 dB", "4 dB", "6 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9D02", @@ -6393,7 +7457,9 @@ "Stack two Yagis to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes fed in phase", "Arrange two Yagis on the same axis and perpendicular to each other with the driven elements at the same point on the boom and fed 90 degrees out of phase", "Arrange two Yagis collinear to each other with the driven elements fed 180 degrees out of phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9D03", @@ -6405,7 +7471,9 @@ "As low as possible on the vertical radiator", "At a voltage maximum", "At a voltage null" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9D04", @@ -6417,7 +7485,9 @@ "To lower the radiation angle", "To maximize efficiency", "To minimize the Q" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9D05", @@ -6429,7 +7499,9 @@ "1005 divided by frequency in MHz", "1/4 wavelength", "1/2 wavelength" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9D06", @@ -6441,7 +7513,9 @@ "It is decreased", "It is unchanged if the loading coil is located at the feed point", "It is unchanged if the loading coil is located at a voltage maximum point" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9D07", @@ -6453,7 +7527,9 @@ "Greater structural strength", "Higher losses", "Improved radiation efficiency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9D08", @@ -6465,7 +7541,9 @@ "SWR bandwidth decreases", "Gain is reduced", "More common-mode current is present on the feed line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9D09", @@ -6477,7 +7555,9 @@ "To lower the losses", "To lower the Q", "To resonate the antenna by cancelling the capacitive reactance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9D10", @@ -6489,7 +7569,9 @@ "Radiation resistance decreases", "Radiation resistance becomes imaginary", "Radiation resistance does not depend on frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9D11", @@ -6501,7 +7583,9 @@ "Higher receiving directivity factor", "Greater front-to-side", "Higher gain" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9D12", @@ -6513,7 +7597,9 @@ "Mechanical balance", "Control of phase shift", "Minimize losses" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9E01", @@ -6525,7 +7611,9 @@ "Beta or hairpin", "Shunt-fed", "T-match" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9E02", @@ -6537,7 +7625,9 @@ "Delta match", "T-match", "Stub match" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9E03", @@ -6549,7 +7639,9 @@ "Delta match", "T-match", "Stub match" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9E04", @@ -6561,7 +7653,9 @@ "To cancel unwanted inductive reactance", "To provide a rejection notch that prevents the radiation of harmonics", "To transform the antenna impedance to a higher value" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9E05", @@ -6573,7 +7667,9 @@ "Inductive (driven element electrically longer than 1/2 wavelength)", "Purely resistive", "Purely reactive" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9E06", @@ -6585,7 +7681,9 @@ "62 ohms", "75 ohms", "90 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9E07", @@ -6597,7 +7695,9 @@ "Reflection coefficient", "Velocity factor", "Dielectric constant" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9E08", @@ -6609,7 +7709,9 @@ "To feed high-impedance antennas from a low-impedance source", "To divide power equally between two 50-ohm loads while maintaining 50-ohm input impedance", "To divide the frequency of the input to a counter to increase its frequency range" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9E09", @@ -6621,7 +7723,9 @@ "Beta or hairpin match", "Gamma match", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9E11", @@ -6633,7 +7737,9 @@ "To prevent harmonic radiation from the transmitter", "To allow single-band antennas to operate on other bands", "To create a low-angle radiation pattern" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9F01", @@ -6645,7 +7751,9 @@ "The ratio of its termination impedance to its characteristic impedance", "The velocity of a wave in the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum", "The velocity of a wave in the transmission line divided by the velocity of light in a vacuum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9F02", @@ -6657,7 +7765,9 @@ "The transmission line length", "The insulating dielectric material", "The center conductor resistivity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9F03", @@ -6669,7 +7779,9 @@ "Skin effect is more pronounced in the coaxial cable", "Electromagnetic waves move faster in coaxial cable than in air", "Electromagnetic waves move more slowly in a coaxial cable than in air" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9F04", @@ -6681,7 +7793,9 @@ "Very low impedance", "The same as the characteristic impedance of the line", "The same as the output impedance of the RF generator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9F05", @@ -6693,7 +7807,9 @@ "Miniature coax used for low power applications", "Short lengths of coax mounted on printed circuit boards to minimize time delay between microwave circuits", "Precision printed circuit conductors above a ground plane that provide constant impedance interconnects at microwave frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9F06", @@ -6705,7 +7821,9 @@ "8.5 meters", "10.6 meters", "13.3 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9F07", @@ -6717,7 +7835,9 @@ "Higher SWR", "Smaller reflection coefficient", "Lower velocity factor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9F08", @@ -6729,7 +7849,9 @@ "Foam dielectric coaxial cable has lower loss per unit of length", "Foam dielectric coaxial cable has higher velocity factor", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9F09", @@ -6741,7 +7863,9 @@ "Very low impedance", "The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line", "The same as the generator output impedance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9F10", @@ -6753,7 +7877,9 @@ "The same as the characteristic impedance of the line", "An inductive reactance", "Zero" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9F11", @@ -6765,7 +7891,9 @@ "An inductive reactance", "A capacitive reactance", "Infinite" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9F12", @@ -6777,7 +7905,9 @@ "The same as the input impedance to the generator", "Very high impedance", "Very low impedance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9G01", @@ -6789,7 +7919,9 @@ "Radiation resistance", "Antenna radiation pattern", "Radio propagation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9G02", @@ -6801,7 +7933,9 @@ "Resistance circles and reactance arcs", "Voltage chords and current chords", "Resistance lines and reactance chords" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9G03", @@ -6813,7 +7947,9 @@ "Satellite azimuth and elevation bearings", "Impedance and SWR values in transmission lines", "Point-to-point propagation reliability as a function of frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9G04", @@ -6825,7 +7961,9 @@ "Reactance and voltage", "Resistance and reactance", "Voltage and impedance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9G05", @@ -6837,7 +7975,9 @@ "Determine the impedance of a transmission line, given the physical dimensions", "Determine the gain of an antenna given the physical and electrical parameters", "Determine the loss/100 feet of a transmission line, given the velocity factor and conductor materials" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9G06", @@ -6849,7 +7989,9 @@ "Reactance axis", "Impedance axis", "Polar axis" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-3.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9G07", @@ -6861,7 +8003,9 @@ "The current axis", "The voltage axis", "The resistance axis" - ] + ], + "figure": "e9-3.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9G08", @@ -6873,7 +8017,9 @@ "Reassign the resistance axis with reactance values", "Reassign the prime center’s impedance value", "Reassign the prime center to the reactance axis" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9G09", @@ -6885,7 +8031,9 @@ "Transmission line length circles", "Coaxial-length circles", "Radiation-pattern circles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9G10", @@ -6897,7 +8045,9 @@ "SWR", "Points with constant resistance", "Points with constant reactance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9G11", @@ -6909,7 +8059,9 @@ "In fractions of transmission line electrical wavelength", "In fractions of antenna electrical wavelength", "In fractions of antenna electrical frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9H01", @@ -6921,7 +8073,9 @@ "It must be mounted more than 1 wavelength above ground", "It should be configured as a four-sided loop", "It should be at least one wavelength long" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9H02", @@ -6933,7 +8087,9 @@ "They must be erected at least 1/2 wavelength above the ground to attain good directivity", "Low loss coax transmission line is essential for good performance", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9H03", @@ -6945,7 +8101,9 @@ "Relative directivity compared to isotropic", "Relative directivity compared to a dipole", "Peak antenna gain compared to average gain over the hemisphere around and above the antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9H04", @@ -6957,7 +8115,9 @@ "It eliminates unbalanced capacitive coupling to the antenna’s surroundings, improving the depth of its nulls", "It eliminates tracking errors caused by strong out-of-band signals", "It increases signal strength by providing a better match to the feed line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9H05", @@ -6969,7 +8129,9 @@ "It does not have a clearly defined null", "It is practical for use only on VHF and higher bands", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9H06", @@ -6981,7 +8143,9 @@ "Minimum low-angle front-to-back ratio at the design frequency", "Maximum DC current in the terminating resistor", "Minimum variation in SWR over the desired frequency range" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E9H07", @@ -6993,7 +8157,9 @@ "Absorb signals from the reverse direction", "Decrease SWR bandwidth", "Eliminate harmonic reception" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E9H08", @@ -7005,7 +8171,9 @@ "It increases the sensitivity of a DF antenna array", "It allows DF antennas to receive signals at different vertical angles", "It provides diversity reception that cancels multipath signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9H09", @@ -7017,7 +8185,9 @@ "Bidirectional", "Omnidirectional", "Hyperbolic" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E9H10", @@ -7029,7 +8199,9 @@ "By utilizing high impedance wire for the coupling loop", "By increasing the number of turns and/or the area enclosed by the loop", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E9H11", @@ -7041,7 +8213,9 @@ "A single null", "Broadband response", "High radiation angle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E0A01", @@ -7053,7 +8227,9 @@ "Lightning charge dissipation", "Reduce RF current flow between pieces of equipment", "Protect breaker panel from power surges" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E0A02", @@ -7065,7 +8241,9 @@ "Ensure signals from your station are less than the uncontrolled maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits", "Ensure signals from your station are less than the controlled maximum permissible emission (MPE) limits", "Ensure signals from your station are less than the uncontrolled maximum permissible emission (MPE) limits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E0A03", @@ -7077,7 +8255,9 @@ "3 - 30 MHz", "30 - 300 MHz", "300 - 3000 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E0A04", @@ -7089,7 +8269,9 @@ "Each transmitter operating with a duty cycle greater than 25 percent", "Each transmitter that produces 5 percent or more of its MPE limit in areas where the total MPE limit is exceeded", "Each transmitter operating with a duty cycle greater than 50 percent" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E0A05", @@ -7101,7 +8283,9 @@ "The high gain antennas commonly used can result in high exposure levels", "Microwaves are in the frequency range where wave velocity is higher", "The extremely high frequency energy can damage the joints of antenna structures" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E0A06", @@ -7113,7 +8297,9 @@ "Ground reflections and scattering cause the field strength to vary with location", "E field and H field radiation intensity peaks can occur at different locations", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E0A07", @@ -7125,7 +8311,9 @@ "At least one lanyard attached to the tower at all times", "All tools secured to the climber’s harness", "All circuit breakers feeding power to the tower must be tied closed with tape, cable, or ties" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "E0A08", @@ -7137,7 +8325,9 @@ "Signal amplification rating", "The rate at which RF energy is absorbed by the body", "The rate of RF energy reflected from stationary terrain" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E0A09", @@ -7149,7 +8339,9 @@ "Antennas that radiate only in the near field", "Hand-held transceivers sold before May 3, 2021", "Dish antennas less than one meter in diameter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "E0A10", @@ -7161,7 +8353,9 @@ "When the ERP of the station is less than 10 watts", "When the station’s operating mode is CW", "When the output power from the transmitter is less than 100 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "E0A11", @@ -7173,7 +8367,9 @@ "Guy brackets", "Tower rungs", "Tower legs" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "E0A12", @@ -7185,6 +8381,8 @@ "To the belt of the fall-arrest harness", "Even with the climber's waist", "To the next lowest set of guys" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" } -] +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/etc/data/hamradio/general.json b/etc/data/hamradio/general.json index e58ea9e..c8d6f9a 100644 --- a/etc/data/hamradio/general.json +++ b/etc/data/hamradio/general.json @@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ "160 meters, 60 meters, 15 meters, and 12 meters", "80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters", "80 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1A02", @@ -21,7 +23,9 @@ "30 meters", "17 meters", "12 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1A03", @@ -33,7 +37,9 @@ "30 meters", "20 meters", "12 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1A05", @@ -45,7 +51,9 @@ "28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz", "21.275 MHz to 21.300 MHz", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1A06", @@ -57,7 +65,9 @@ "Amateur stations may use the band only during emergencies", "Amateur stations must not cause harmful interference to primary users and must accept interference from primary users", "Amateur stations may only operate during specific hours of the day, while primary users are permitted 24-hour use of the band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1A07", @@ -69,7 +79,9 @@ "28.000 MHz to 28.300 MHz only", "28.025 MHz to 28.300 MHz only", "The entire band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1A08", @@ -81,7 +93,9 @@ "80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters", "All HF bands except 160 meters and 10 meters", "60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1A09", @@ -93,7 +107,9 @@ "18155 kHz", "21300 kHz", "24900 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1A10", @@ -105,7 +121,9 @@ "The portion between 28.1 MHz and 28.2 MHz", "The portion between 28.3 MHz and 28.5 MHz", "The portion above 29.5 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1A11", @@ -117,7 +135,9 @@ "The upper frequency portion", "The lower frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the upper portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz", "The upper frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the lower portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1B01", @@ -129,7 +149,9 @@ "100 feet", "200 feet", "250 feet" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1B02", @@ -141,7 +163,9 @@ "The frequency must be coordinated with the National Beacon Organization", "The frequency must be posted on the internet or published in a national periodical", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1B03", @@ -153,7 +177,9 @@ "Automatic identification of repeaters", "Transmission of bulletins of general interest to amateur radio licensees", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1B04", @@ -165,7 +191,9 @@ "Automatic retransmission of other amateur signals by any amateur station", "Occasional retransmission of weather and propagation forecast information from US government stations", "Encrypted messages, if not intended to facilitate a criminal act" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1B05", @@ -177,7 +205,9 @@ "Transmissions to assist with learning the International Morse code", "Regular transmissions offering equipment for sale, if intended for amateur radio use", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1B06", @@ -189,7 +219,9 @@ "At any time and to any extent necessary to accomplish a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity, provided that proper filings are made with the FCC", "Only when such structures exceed 50 feet in height and are clearly visible 1,000 feet from the structure", "Amateur Service communications must be reasonably accommodated, and regulations must constitute the minimum practical to accommodate a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1B07", @@ -201,7 +233,9 @@ "They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message", "They are not permitted", "They are limited to those expressly listed in Part 97 of the FCC rules" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1B08", @@ -213,7 +247,9 @@ "When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications", "Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the United Nations, or by a territory possessed by such a country", "Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the International Amateur Radio Union, or by a territory possessed by such a country" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1B09", @@ -225,7 +261,9 @@ "On any frequency if transmissions are in Morse code", "21.08 MHz to 21.09 MHz", "28.20 MHz to 28.30 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1B10", @@ -237,7 +275,9 @@ "20 watts PEP output", "100 watts PEP output", "200 watts PEP output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1B11", @@ -249,7 +289,9 @@ "The control operator", "The IEEE", "The ITU" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1C01", @@ -261,7 +303,9 @@ "1000 watts PEP output", "1500 watts PEP output", "2000 watts PEP output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1C02", @@ -273,7 +317,9 @@ "200 watts PEP output", "1500 watts PEP output", "An effective radiated power equivalent to 100 watts from a half-wave dipole" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1C03", @@ -285,7 +331,9 @@ "5.6 kHz", "1.8 kHz", "3 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1C04", @@ -297,7 +345,9 @@ "You must keep a record of the date, time, frequency, power level, and stations worked", "You must keep a record of all third-party traffic", "You must keep a record of the manufacturer of your equipment and the antenna used" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1C05", @@ -309,7 +359,9 @@ "1000 watts PEP output", "1500 watts PEP output", "2000 watts PEP output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1C06", @@ -321,7 +373,9 @@ "1000 watts PEP output", "1200 watts PEP output", "1500 watts PEP output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1C07", @@ -333,7 +387,9 @@ "Obtain an experimental license from the FCC", "Publicly document the technical characteristics of the protocol", "Submit a rule-making proposal to the FCC describing the codes and methods of the technique" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1C11", @@ -345,7 +401,9 @@ "RMS input to the antenna", "PEP input to the antenna", "PEP output from the transmitter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1D01", @@ -357,7 +415,9 @@ "Anyone who held an FCC-issued amateur radio license that expired not less than 5 and not more than 15 years ago", "Any person who previously held an amateur license issued by another country, but only if that country has a current reciprocal licensing agreement with the FCC", "Only persons who once held an FCC issued Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus license" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1D02", @@ -369,7 +429,9 @@ "None, only Amateur Extra class licensees may be accredited", "Technician only", "Amateur Extra, General, and Technician" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1D03", @@ -381,7 +443,9 @@ "Only on the Technician band segments until you have a receipt for the FCC application fee payment", "On any General or Technician class band segment", "On any General or Technician class band segment except 30 meters and 60 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1D04", @@ -393,7 +457,9 @@ "At least two Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher", "At least two Volunteer Examiners of Technician class or higher", "At least three Volunteer Examiners of Technician class" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1D05", @@ -405,7 +471,9 @@ "Only an appropriate US operator/primary license and a special remote station permit from the FCC", "Only a license from the foreign country, as long as the call sign includes identification of portable operation in the US", "A license from the foreign country and a special remote station permit from the FCC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1D06", @@ -417,7 +485,9 @@ "Whenever they operate on any amateur frequency", "Whenever they operate using Technician frequency privileges", "A special identifier is not required if their General class license application has been filed with the FCC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1D07", @@ -429,7 +499,9 @@ "The Universal Licensing System", "A Volunteer Examiner Coordinator", "The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1D08", @@ -441,7 +513,9 @@ "The person must hold an FCC granted amateur radio license of General class or above", "The person’s home citizenship must be in ITU region 2", "None of these choices is correct; a non-US citizen cannot be a Volunteer Examiner" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1D09", @@ -453,7 +527,9 @@ "180 days", "365 days", "For as long as your current license is valid" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1D10", @@ -465,7 +541,9 @@ "18 years", "21 years", "There is no age limit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1D11", @@ -477,7 +555,9 @@ "There are no requirements other than being able to show a copy of the expired license", "Contact the FCC to have the license reinstated", "The applicant must show proof of the appropriate expired license grant and pass the current Element 2 exam" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1D12", @@ -489,7 +569,9 @@ "Those of the remote station’s country and the FCC’s third-party regulations", "Only those of the remote station’s country", "Only those of the FCC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1E01", @@ -501,7 +583,9 @@ "The third party is not a US citizen", "The third party is speaking in a language other than English", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1E02", @@ -513,7 +597,9 @@ "Only if the station on 10-meters is operating under a Special Temporary Authorization allowing such retransmission", "Only during an FCC-declared general state of communications emergency", "Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General class license" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1E03", @@ -525,7 +611,9 @@ "The interrogating transmission must be made by another automatically controlled station", "No third-party traffic may be transmitted", "The control operator of the interrogating station must hold an Amateur Extra class license" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1E04", @@ -537,7 +625,9 @@ "When using a band where the Amateur Service is secondary", "When a station is transmitting spread spectrum emissions", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1E05", @@ -549,7 +639,9 @@ "They must be for other licensed amateurs", "They must relate to amateur radio, or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief", "The message must be limited to no longer than 1 minute in duration and the name of the third party must be recorded in the station log" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1E06", @@ -561,7 +653,9 @@ "Region 3", "Region 2", "Region 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G1E07", @@ -573,7 +667,9 @@ "Channels 1 through 4", "Channels 42 through 45", "No part" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1E08", @@ -585,7 +681,9 @@ "10 watts", "100 watts", "1500 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G1E10", @@ -594,10 +692,12 @@ "question": "Why should an amateur operator normally avoid transmitting on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930 and 28.200 MHz?", "answers": [ "A system of propagation beacon stations operates on those frequencies", - "A system of automatic digital stations operates on those frequencies ", + "A system of automatic digital stations operates on those frequencies", "These frequencies are set aside for emergency operations", "These frequencies are set aside for bulletins from the FCC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G1E11", @@ -609,7 +709,9 @@ "Anywhere in the non-phone segments of the 10-meter or shorter wavelength bands", "Only in the non-phone Extra Class segments of the bands", "Anywhere in the 6-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in limited segments of some of the HF bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G1E12", @@ -621,7 +723,9 @@ "Under no circumstances except for emergencies", "Only when the message is intended for licensed radio amateurs", "Only when the message is intended for third parties in areas where licensing is controlled by the FCC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2A01", @@ -633,7 +737,9 @@ "Lower sideband", "Suppressed sideband", "Double sideband" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2A02", @@ -645,7 +751,9 @@ "Lower sideband", "Suppressed sideband", "Double sideband" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2A03", @@ -657,7 +765,9 @@ "Lower sideband", "Suppressed sideband", "Double sideband" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2A04", @@ -669,7 +779,9 @@ "Lower sideband", "Suppressed sideband", "Double sideband" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2A05", @@ -681,7 +793,9 @@ "Double sideband", "Single sideband", "Single phase modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2A06", @@ -693,7 +807,9 @@ "Less subject to interference from atmospheric static crashes", "Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise", "Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2A07", @@ -705,7 +821,9 @@ "Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed", "SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 20-, 15-, and 10-meter amateur bands", "SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter amateur bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2A08", @@ -717,7 +835,9 @@ "Say your call sign once", "Say “Breaker Breaker”", "Say “CQ” followed by the call sign of either station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2A09", @@ -729,7 +849,9 @@ "Lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands", "Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector", "It is commonly accepted amateur practice" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2A10", @@ -741,7 +863,9 @@ "It allows “hands free” operation", "It occupies less bandwidth", "It provides more power output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2A11", @@ -753,7 +877,9 @@ "Only stations in Germany", "Any stations outside the lower 48 states", "Only contest stations" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2A12", @@ -765,7 +891,9 @@ "Transmit audio or microphone gain", "Antenna inductance or capacitance", "Attenuator level" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2B01", @@ -777,7 +905,9 @@ "QSOs in progress have priority", "Except during emergencies, no amateur station has priority access to any frequency", "Contest operations should yield to non-contest use of frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2B02", @@ -789,7 +919,9 @@ "Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed", "Immediately decrease power to avoid interfering with the station in distress", "Immediately cease all transmissions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2B03", @@ -801,7 +933,9 @@ "Decrease power and continue to transmit", "Attempt to resolve the interference problem with the other stations in a mutually acceptable manner", "Switch to the opposite sideband" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2B04", @@ -813,7 +947,9 @@ "150 Hz to 500 Hz", "1 kHz to 3 kHz", "3 kHz to 6 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2B05", @@ -825,7 +961,9 @@ "150 Hz to 500 Hz", "2 kHz to 3 kHz", "Approximately 6 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2B06", @@ -837,7 +975,9 @@ "Listen for 2 minutes before calling CQ", "Send the letter “V” in Morse code several times and listen for a response, or say “test” several times and listen for a response", "Send “QSY” on CW or if using phone, announce “the frequency is in use,” then give your call sign and listen for a response" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2B07", @@ -849,7 +989,9 @@ "Identify your station by transmitting your call sign at least 3 times", "Follow the voluntary band plan", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2B08", @@ -861,7 +1003,9 @@ "Only contacts with other stations within the 48 contiguous states", "Only digital contacts", "Only SSTV contacts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2B09", @@ -873,7 +1017,9 @@ "Only a RACES net control operator", "A person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license or an appropriate government official", "Any control operator when normal communication systems are operational" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2B10", @@ -885,7 +1031,9 @@ "Have a backup frequency in case of interference or poor conditions", "Transmit the full net roster at the beginning of every session", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2B11", @@ -897,7 +1045,9 @@ "No more than 2 hours per month", "No more than 1 hour per week", "No more than 2 hours per week" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2C01", @@ -909,7 +1059,9 @@ "Automatic keyers, instead of hand keys, are used to send Morse code", "An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission", "Transmitting stations can receive between code characters and elements" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2C02", @@ -921,7 +1073,9 @@ "Change frequency", "Increase your power", "Repeat everything twice" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2C03", @@ -933,7 +1087,9 @@ "Operating full break-in", "Listening only for a specific station or stations", "Closing station now" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2C04", @@ -945,7 +1101,9 @@ "“Are you operating full break-in?” or “Can you operate full break-in?”", "“Are you listening only for a specific station?”", "“Are you busy?” or “Is this frequency in use?”" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2C05", @@ -957,7 +1115,9 @@ "The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no faster than the CQ", "At the standard calling speed of 10 wpm", "At the standard calling speed of 5 wpm" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2C06", @@ -969,7 +1129,9 @@ "Operating split to avoid interference on frequency", "Sending without error", "Matching the transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2C07", @@ -981,7 +1143,9 @@ "Report was read from an S meter rather than estimated", "100 percent copy", "Key clicks" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2C08", @@ -993,7 +1157,9 @@ "BK", "AR", "KN" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2C09", @@ -1005,7 +1171,9 @@ "We have already confirmed the contact", "I have received and understood", "We have worked before" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2C10", @@ -1017,7 +1185,9 @@ "Stop sending", "Zero beat my signal", "I am troubled by static" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2C11", @@ -1029,7 +1199,9 @@ "There is interference on the frequency", "I am quitting for the day", "I am ready to receive" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2D01", @@ -1041,7 +1213,9 @@ "Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations", "Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeaters", "Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2D02", @@ -1053,7 +1227,9 @@ "To provide emergency and public safety communications", "To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage", "To encourage amateur radio operators to self-regulate and comply with the rules" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2D03", @@ -1065,7 +1241,9 @@ "Compare beam headings on the repeater input from their home locations with that of other Volunteer Monitors", "Compare signal strengths between the input and output of the repeater", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2D04", @@ -1077,7 +1255,9 @@ "A map that shows true bearings and distances from a specific location", "A map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equator", "A map that shows the number of degrees longitude that an amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2D05", @@ -1089,7 +1269,9 @@ "Say “QTC” followed by “this is” and your call sign -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat", "Repeat “CQ” a few times, followed by “this is,” then your call sign a few times, then pause to listen, repeat as necessary", "Transmit an unmodulated carried for approximately 10 seconds, followed by “this is” and your call sign, and pause to listen -- repeat as necessary" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2D06", @@ -1101,7 +1283,9 @@ "Along the gray line", "180 degrees from the station’s short-path heading", "Toward the north" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2D07", @@ -1113,7 +1297,9 @@ "Adam, Boy, Charles, David", "America, Boston, Canada, Denmark", "Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2D08", @@ -1125,7 +1311,9 @@ "The FCC requires a log of all international third-party traffic", "The log provides evidence of operation needed to renew a license without retest", "To help with a reply if the FCC requests information about your station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2D09", @@ -1137,7 +1325,9 @@ "Send a QSL card to the stations worked, or QSL via Logbook of The World", "Identify your station according to normal FCC regulations", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2D10", @@ -1149,7 +1339,9 @@ "Low-power transmit operation", "Transmission using Quick Response Protocol", "Traffic relay procedure net operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2D11", @@ -1161,7 +1353,9 @@ "To be sure the contact will count for award programs", "To follow standard radiogram structure", "To allow each station to calibrate their frequency display" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G2E01", @@ -1173,7 +1367,9 @@ "DSB", "CW", "LSB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E02", @@ -1185,7 +1381,9 @@ "A digital protocol used with Winlink", "A radio direction finding system used on VHF and UHF", "DX spotting system using a network of software defined radios" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2E03", @@ -1197,7 +1395,9 @@ "Long pauses in message transmission", "Failure to establish a connection between stations", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E04", @@ -1209,7 +1409,9 @@ "Call on any frequency in the waterfall except the station’s frequency", "Find a clear frequency during the same time slot as the calling station", "Find a clear frequency during the alternate time slot to the calling station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E05", @@ -1221,7 +1423,9 @@ "USB", "DSB", "SSB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2E06", @@ -1233,7 +1437,9 @@ "170 Hz", "425 Hz", "850 Hz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2E07", @@ -1245,7 +1451,9 @@ "Computer time accurate to within approximately 1 second", "Receiver attenuator set to -12 dB", "A vertically polarized antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2E08", @@ -1257,7 +1465,9 @@ "At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz", "In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz", "Between 14.070 MHz and 14.100 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E09", @@ -1269,7 +1479,9 @@ "Transmit a steady carrier until the PACTOR protocol times out and disconnects", "Joining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations", "Send a NAK code" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2E10", @@ -1281,7 +1493,9 @@ "Send QRL in Morse code", "Respond when the station broadcasts its SSID", "Transmit a connect message on the station’s published frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E11", @@ -1293,7 +1507,9 @@ "To provide real time propagation data by monitoring amateur radio transmissions worldwide", "To provide high-speed data services during an emergency or community event", "To provide DX spotting reports to aid contesters and DXers" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G2E12", @@ -1305,7 +1521,9 @@ "A form of Packet Radio", "A wireless network capable of both VHF and HF band operation", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E13", @@ -1317,7 +1535,9 @@ "Gateway", "RJ-45", "Printer/Server" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G2E14", @@ -1329,7 +1549,9 @@ "You may have selected the wrong baud rate", "You may be listening on the wrong sideband", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G2E15", @@ -1341,7 +1563,9 @@ "Anywhere in the CW portion of the band", "Approximately 14.074 MHz to 14.077 MHz", "Approximately 14.110 MHz to 14.113 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3A01", @@ -1353,7 +1577,9 @@ "Lower sunspot numbers generally indicate greater probability of sporadic E propagation", "A zero sunspot number indicates that radio propagation is not possible on any band", "A zero sunspot number indicates undisturbed conditions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3A02", @@ -1365,7 +1591,9 @@ "It disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies", "It disrupts communications via satellite more than direct communications", "None, because only areas on the night side of the Earth are affected" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3A03", @@ -1377,7 +1605,9 @@ "1 to 2 hours", "8 minutes", "20 to 40 hours" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3A04", @@ -1389,7 +1619,9 @@ "60 meters and 40 meters", "30 meters and 20 meters", "15 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3A05", @@ -1401,7 +1633,9 @@ "A count of sunspots that is adjusted for solar emissions", "Another name for the American sunspot number", "A measure of solar radiation with a wavelength of 10.7 centimeters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3A06", @@ -1413,7 +1647,9 @@ "A thunderstorm that affects radio propagation", "Ripples in the geomagnetic force", "A temporary disturbance in Earth’s geomagnetic field" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3A07", @@ -1425,7 +1661,9 @@ "Only at the maximum point", "Only at the minimum point", "At any point" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3A08", @@ -1437,7 +1675,9 @@ "Degrade ground wave propagation", "Improve ground wave propagation", "Degrade high-latitude HF propagation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3A09", @@ -1449,7 +1689,9 @@ "Increases signal strength for HF signals passing through the polar regions", "Improve HF long path propagation", "Reduce long delayed echoes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3A10", @@ -1461,7 +1703,9 @@ "Cyclic variation in Earth’s radiation belts", "Rotation of the Sun’s surface layers around its axis", "The position of the Moon in its orbit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3A11", @@ -1473,7 +1717,9 @@ "14 days", "4 to 8 minutes", "15 hours to several days" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3A12", @@ -1485,7 +1731,9 @@ "The short-term stability of Earth’s geomagnetic field", "The short-term stability of the Sun’s magnetic field", "The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3A13", @@ -1497,7 +1745,9 @@ "The amount of polarization of the Sun’s electric field", "The long-term stability of Earth’s geomagnetic field", "The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3A14", @@ -1509,7 +1759,9 @@ "HF communication is disturbed", "VHF/UHF ducting is improved", "VHF/UHF ducting is disturbed" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3B01", @@ -1521,7 +1773,9 @@ "Signal strength increased by 3 dB", "The signal might be cancelled causing severe attenuation", "A slightly delayed echo might be heard" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3B02", @@ -1533,7 +1787,9 @@ "Time of day and season", "Solar radiation and ionospheric disturbances", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3B03", @@ -1545,7 +1801,9 @@ "Just above the LUF", "Just below the critical frequency", "Just above the critical frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3B04", @@ -1557,7 +1815,9 @@ "Check the A-index", "Send a series of dots and listen for echoes", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3B05", @@ -1569,7 +1829,9 @@ "They pass through the ionosphere", "They are amplified by interaction with the ionosphere", "They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3B06", @@ -1581,7 +1843,9 @@ "They pass through the ionosphere", "They are attenuated before reaching the destination", "They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3B07", @@ -1593,7 +1857,9 @@ "The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications to any point outside a 100-mile radius", "The Lowest Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period", "The Lowest Usable Frequency during the past 60 minutes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3B08", @@ -1605,7 +1871,9 @@ "The Maximum Usable Frequency for communications between two points", "The Minimum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period", "The Maximum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3B09", @@ -1617,7 +1885,9 @@ "1,200 miles", "2,500 miles", "12,000 miles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3B10", @@ -1629,7 +1899,9 @@ "1,200 miles", "2,500 miles", "12,000 miles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3B11", @@ -1641,7 +1913,9 @@ "HF communications over the path are enhanced", "Double-hop propagation along the path is more common", "Propagation over the path on all HF frequencies is enhanced" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3B12", @@ -1653,7 +1927,9 @@ "World-wide propagation during daylight hours", "Heavy distortion on signals due to photon absorption", "High levels of atmospheric noise or static" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3C01", @@ -1665,7 +1941,9 @@ "The E region", "The F1 region", "The F2 region" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3C02", @@ -1677,7 +1955,9 @@ "The lowest frequency which is refracted back to Earth", "The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio approaches unity", "The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio is 6 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3C03", @@ -1689,7 +1969,9 @@ "Because of the Doppler effect", "Because it is the highest", "Because of temperature inversions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3C04", @@ -1701,7 +1983,9 @@ "The short path azimuth of a distant station", "The lowest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions", "The highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3C05", @@ -1713,7 +1997,9 @@ "The F region is unstable during daylight hours", "The D region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours", "The E region is unstable during daylight hours" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G3C06", @@ -1725,7 +2011,9 @@ "Signals have a fluttering sound", "There are very large, sudden swings in signal strength", "Scatter propagation occurs only at night" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3C07", @@ -1737,7 +2025,9 @@ "Ground waves are absorbing much of the signal", "The E region is not present", "Energy is scattered into the skip zone through several different paths" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G3C08", @@ -1749,7 +2039,9 @@ "Signals are scattered from the magnetosphere, which is not a good reflector", "Propagation is via ground waves, which absorb most of the signal energy", "Propagation is via ducts in the F region, which absorb most of the energy" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G3C09", @@ -1761,7 +2053,9 @@ "Scatter", "Chordal hop", "Short-path" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3C10", @@ -1773,7 +2067,9 @@ "Short distance MF or HF propagation at high elevation angles", "Long path HF propagation at sunrise and sunset", "Double hop propagation near the LUF" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G3C11", @@ -1785,7 +2081,9 @@ "The F1 region", "The E region", "The D region" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4A01", @@ -1797,7 +2095,9 @@ "To reduce interference from carriers in the receiver passband", "To eliminate receiver interference from impulse noise sources", "To remove interfering splatter generated by signals on adjacent frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4A02", @@ -1809,7 +2109,9 @@ "More stations can be accommodated within a given signal passband", "It may be possible to reduce or eliminate interference from other signals", "Accidental out-of-band operation can be prevented" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4A03", @@ -1821,7 +2123,9 @@ "By redirecting noise pulses into a filter capacitor", "By reducing receiver gain during a noise pulse", "By clipping noise peaks" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4A04", @@ -1833,7 +2137,9 @@ "A pronounced dip", "No change will be observed", "A slow, rhythmic oscillation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4A05", @@ -1845,7 +2151,9 @@ "To reduce harmonic radiation", "To prevent excessive drive", "To increase overall efficiency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4A06", @@ -1857,7 +2165,9 @@ "Reduce the power dissipation in the feedline to the antenna", "Increase power transfer from the transmitter to the feed line", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4A07", @@ -1869,7 +2179,9 @@ "Received frequency may become unstable", "CW signals may become severely attenuated", "Received frequency may shift several kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4A08", @@ -1881,7 +2193,9 @@ "Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current", "Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current", "Desired power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4A09", @@ -1893,7 +2207,9 @@ "To prevent transient overmodulation", "To allow time for the amplifier to switch the antenna between the transceiver and the amplifier output", "To allow time for the amplifier power supply to reach operating level" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4A10", @@ -1905,7 +2221,9 @@ "Automatic generation of dots and dashes for CW operation", "To allow time for switching the antenna from the receiver to the transmitter", "Computer interface for PSK and RTTY operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4A11", @@ -1917,7 +2235,9 @@ "The ALC action distorts the signal", "When using digital modes, too much ALC activity can cause the transmitter to overheat", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4A12", @@ -1929,7 +2249,9 @@ "To permit full duplex operation -- that is, transmitting and receiving at the same time", "To transmit on one frequency and listen on another", "To improve frequency accuracy by allowing variable frequency output (VFO) operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4A13", @@ -1941,7 +2263,9 @@ "To reduce the transmitter power when driving a linear amplifier", "To reduce power consumption when operating from batteries", "To reduce excessive audio level on strong signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4B01", @@ -1953,7 +2277,9 @@ "A signal generator", "An ammeter", "An oscilloscope" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4B02", @@ -1965,7 +2291,9 @@ "Complex impedances can be easily measured", "Greater precision", "Complex waveforms can be measured" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4B03", @@ -1977,7 +2305,9 @@ "A field strength meter", "A sidetone monitor", "A wavemeter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4B04", @@ -1989,7 +2319,9 @@ "An external RF oscillator", "The transmitter balanced mixer output", "The attenuated RF output of the transmitter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4B05", @@ -2001,7 +2333,9 @@ "It allows for higher voltages to be safely measured", "It improves the resolution of the readings", "It decreases the loading on circuits being measured" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4B06", @@ -2013,7 +2347,9 @@ "Less prone to overload", "Higher precision", "Faster response" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4B07", @@ -2025,7 +2361,9 @@ "Two non-harmonically related audio signals", "Two swept frequency tones", "Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4B08", @@ -2037,7 +2375,9 @@ "Percentage of suppression of the carrier and undesired sideband for SSB", "Percentage of frequency modulation", "Percentage of carrier phase shift" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4B09", @@ -2049,7 +2389,9 @@ "When high precision is desired", "When measuring the frequency of an oscillator", "When adjusting circuits for maximum or minimum values" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4B10", @@ -2061,7 +2403,9 @@ "Antenna front-to-back ratio", "RF interference", "Radio wave propagation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4B11", @@ -2073,7 +2417,9 @@ "Transmitter", "Antenna and feed line", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4B12", @@ -2085,7 +2431,9 @@ "Received power that interferes with SWR readings", "Generation of harmonics which interfere with frequency readings", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4B13", @@ -2097,7 +2445,9 @@ "Power output from a transmitter", "Impedance of coaxial cable", "Gain of a directional antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4C01", @@ -2109,7 +2459,9 @@ "Bypass capacitor", "Forward-biased diode", "Reverse-biased diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4C02", @@ -2121,7 +2473,9 @@ "Lack of rectification of the transmitter’s signal in power conductors", "Arcing at a poor electrical connection", "Using a balun to feed an unbalanced antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4C03", @@ -2133,7 +2487,9 @@ "On-and-off humming or clicking", "Distorted speech", "Clearly audible speech" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4C04", @@ -2145,7 +2501,9 @@ "A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency", "A chirpy CW signal", "Severely distorted audio" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4C05", @@ -2157,7 +2515,9 @@ "Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire", "The ground rod is resonant", "The ground wire has high impedance on that frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4C06", @@ -2169,7 +2529,9 @@ "Corrosion of the ground rod", "High RF voltages on the enclosures of station equipment", "A ground loop" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4C07", @@ -2181,7 +2543,9 @@ "Solder flux will prevent a low conductivity connection", "Solder has too high a dielectric constant to provide adequate lightning protection", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4C08", @@ -2193,7 +2557,9 @@ "Connect the center conductor to the shield of all cables to short circuit the RFI signal", "Ground the center conductor of the audio cable causing the interference", "Add an additional insulating jacket to the cable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4C09", @@ -2205,7 +2571,9 @@ "Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire", "Avoid using lock washers and star washers when making ground connections", "Bond equipment enclosures together" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4C10", @@ -2217,7 +2585,9 @@ "The SWR reading for one or more antennas is suddenly very high", "An item of station equipment starts to draw excessive amounts of current", "You receive reports of harmonic interference from your station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4C11", @@ -2229,7 +2599,9 @@ "Using surge suppressor power outlets", "Bonding all equipment enclosures together", "Placing low-pass filters on all feed lines" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4C12", @@ -2241,7 +2613,9 @@ "It prevents signal overload", "It ensures that the neutral wire is grounded", "It ensures that hazardous voltages cannot appear on the chassis" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4D01", @@ -2253,7 +2627,9 @@ "Increase transmitter bass response for more natural-sounding SSB signals", "Prevent distortion of voice signals", "Decrease high-frequency voice output to prevent out-of-band operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4D02", @@ -2265,7 +2641,9 @@ "It increases average power", "It reduces harmonic distortion", "It reduces intermodulation distortion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4D03", @@ -2277,7 +2655,9 @@ "Excess intermodulation products", "Excessive background noise", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4D04", @@ -2289,7 +2669,9 @@ "Impedance", "Received signal strength", "Transmitter power output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4D05", @@ -2301,7 +2683,9 @@ "It is 20 times less powerful", "It is 20 times more powerful", "It is 100 times more powerful" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4D06", @@ -2313,7 +2697,9 @@ "12 dB", "15 dB", "18 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4D07", @@ -2325,7 +2711,9 @@ "Approximately 2 times", "Approximately 4 times", "Approximately 8 times" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4D08", @@ -2337,7 +2725,9 @@ "7.178 MHz to 7.184 MHz", "7.175 MHz to 7.178 MHz", "7.1765 MHz to 7.1795 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4D09", @@ -2349,7 +2739,9 @@ "14.347 MHz to 14.350 MHz", "14.344 MHz to 14.347 MHz", "14.3455 MHz to 14.3485 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4D10", @@ -2361,7 +2753,9 @@ "At least 3 kHz below the edge of the segment", "At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment", "At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4D11", @@ -2373,7 +2767,9 @@ "At least 3 kHz below the edge of the band", "At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment", "At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4E01", @@ -2385,7 +2781,9 @@ "To reduce radiation resistance", "To electrically lengthen a physically short antenna", "To lower the radiation angle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4E02", @@ -2397,7 +2795,9 @@ "To increase the “Q” of the antenna", "To reduce the chance of damage if the antenna should strike an object", "To reduce RF voltage discharge from the tip of the antenna while transmitting" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4E03", @@ -2409,7 +2809,9 @@ "To the alternator or generator using heavy-gauge wire", "To the battery using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line", "To the alternator or generator using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4E04", @@ -2421,7 +2823,9 @@ "The socket’s wiring may be inadequate for the current drawn by the transceiver", "The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers", "Drawing more than 50 watts from this socket could cause the engine to overheat" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4E05", @@ -2433,7 +2837,9 @@ "The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver", "Efficiency of the electrically short antenna", "FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75-meter band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4E06", @@ -2445,7 +2851,9 @@ "Q of the antenna will be very low", "Operating bandwidth may be very limited", "Harmonic radiation may increase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G4E07", @@ -2457,7 +2865,9 @@ "The fuel delivery system", "The control computers", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G4E08", @@ -2469,7 +2879,9 @@ "Shunt", "Bypass", "Full-wave bridge" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G4E09", @@ -2481,7 +2893,9 @@ "0.5 VDC", "0.2 VDC", "1.38 VDC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4E10", @@ -2493,7 +2907,9 @@ "To prevent discharge of the battery through the panel during times of low or no illumination", "To limit the current flowing from the panel to a safe value", "To prevent damage to the battery due to excessive voltage at high illumination levels" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G4E11", @@ -2505,7 +2921,9 @@ "Ensure the battery is placed terminals-up", "A series resistor must be in place", "The solar panel must have a charge controller" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5A01", @@ -2517,7 +2935,9 @@ "Impedance is equal to the geometric mean of the inductance and capacitance", "Resonance causes impedance to be very low", "Impedance is equal to the arithmetic mean of the inductance and capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5A02", @@ -2529,7 +2949,9 @@ "Opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance", "Reinforcement of the flow of direct current caused by resistance", "Reinforcement of the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5A03", @@ -2541,7 +2963,9 @@ "Reluctance", "Admittance", "Reactance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5A04", @@ -2553,7 +2977,9 @@ "Reluctance", "Reactance", "Admittance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5A05", @@ -2565,7 +2991,9 @@ "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases", "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases", "As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5A06", @@ -2577,7 +3005,9 @@ "As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases", "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases", "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5A07", @@ -2589,7 +3019,9 @@ "Susceptance", "Reluctance", "Admittance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5A08", @@ -2601,7 +3033,9 @@ "The product of current and voltage", "The ratio of voltage to current", "The product of current and reactance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5A09", @@ -2613,7 +3047,9 @@ "Ohm", "Ampere", "Siemens" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5A10", @@ -2625,7 +3061,9 @@ "A Pi-network", "A length of transmission line", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5A11", @@ -2637,7 +3075,9 @@ "X", "B", "Y" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5A12", @@ -2649,7 +3089,9 @@ "Resistance is cancelled", "The circuit radiates all its energy in the form of radio waves", "Inductive reactance and capacitive reactance cancel" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5B01", @@ -2661,7 +3103,9 @@ "Approximately 3 dB", "Approximately 6 dB", "Approximately 9 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B02", @@ -2673,7 +3117,9 @@ "It decreases as more parallel branches are added to the circuit", "It equals the sum of the currents through each branch", "It is the sum of the reciprocal of each individual voltage drop" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5B03", @@ -2685,7 +3131,9 @@ "200 watts", "400 watts", "3200 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B04", @@ -2697,7 +3145,9 @@ "24 watts", "6 watts", "60 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5B05", @@ -2709,7 +3159,9 @@ "Approximately 61 watts", "Approximately 11 milliwatts", "Approximately 11 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5B06", @@ -2721,7 +3173,9 @@ "100 watts", "353.5 watts", "400 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B07", @@ -2733,7 +3187,9 @@ "The peak value", "The RMS value", "The reciprocal of the RMS value" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5B08", @@ -2745,7 +3201,9 @@ "169.7 volts", "240.0 volts", "339.4 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5B09", @@ -2757,7 +3215,9 @@ "12 volts", "24 volts", "34 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B10", @@ -2769,7 +3229,9 @@ "12.2 percent", "20.6 percent", "25.9 percent" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5B11", @@ -2781,7 +3243,9 @@ "1.00", "1.414", "2.00" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B12", @@ -2793,7 +3257,9 @@ "245 volts", "346 volts", "692 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B13", @@ -2805,7 +3271,9 @@ "1060 watts", "1500 watts", "2120 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5B14", @@ -2817,7 +3285,9 @@ "625 watts", "2500 watts", "5000 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5C01", @@ -2829,7 +3299,9 @@ "Displacement current coupling", "Mutual inductance", "Mutual capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5C02", @@ -2841,7 +3313,9 @@ "The input voltage is divided by 4", "Additional resistance must be added in series with the primary to prevent overload", "Additional resistance must be added in parallel with the secondary to prevent overload" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5C03", @@ -2853,7 +3327,9 @@ "0.17 ohms", "17 ohms", "80 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5C04", @@ -2865,7 +3341,9 @@ "150 ohms", "75 ohms", "67 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5C05", @@ -2877,7 +3355,9 @@ "To accommodate the higher current of the primary", "To prevent parasitic oscillations due to resistive losses in the primary", "To ensure that the volume of the primary winding is equal to the volume of the secondary winding" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5C06", @@ -2889,7 +3369,9 @@ "120 volts", "40 volts", "25.5 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5C07", @@ -2901,7 +3383,9 @@ "12 to 1", "24 to 1", "144 to 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G5C08", @@ -2913,7 +3397,9 @@ "1,733 picofarads", "3,583 picofarads", "10.750 nanofarads" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G5C09", @@ -2925,7 +3411,9 @@ "3.0 microfarads", "33.3 microfarads", "300 microfarads" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5C10", @@ -2937,7 +3425,9 @@ "3.3 henries", "3.3 millihenries", "30 millihenries" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5C11", @@ -2949,7 +3439,9 @@ "14.3 millihenries", "70 millihenries", "1,000 millihenries" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5C12", @@ -2961,7 +3453,9 @@ "14.3 microfarads", "70 microfarads", "1,000 microfarads" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G5C13", @@ -2973,7 +3467,9 @@ "An inductor in parallel", "A capacitor in parallel", "A capacitor in series" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G5C14", @@ -2985,7 +3481,9 @@ "A capacitor in parallel", "An inductor in parallel", "An inductor in series" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G6A01", @@ -2997,7 +3495,9 @@ "8.5 volts", "10.5 volts", "12 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G6A02", @@ -3009,7 +3509,9 @@ "High discharge current", "High voltage", "Rapid recharge" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G6A03", @@ -3021,7 +3523,9 @@ "0.3 volts", "0.7 volts", "1.0 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G6A04", @@ -3033,7 +3537,9 @@ "Much less leakage than any other type", "High capacitance for a given volume", "Inexpensive RF capacitor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G6A05", @@ -3045,7 +3551,9 @@ "0.3 volts", "0.7 volts", "1.0 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G6A06", @@ -3057,7 +3565,9 @@ "The resistor’s inductance could make circuit performance unpredictable", "The resistor could overheat", "The resistor’s internal capacitance would detune the circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G6A07", @@ -3069,7 +3579,9 @@ "The active region (between cutoff and saturation)", "Peak and valley current points", "Enhancement and depletion modes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G6A08", @@ -3081,7 +3593,9 @@ "High stability", "High capacitance for given volume", "Comparatively low cost" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G6A09", @@ -3093,7 +3607,9 @@ "The gate is separated from the channel by a thin insulating layer", "The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating layer", "The source is formed by depositing metal on silicon" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G6A10", @@ -3105,7 +3621,9 @@ "Suppressor grid", "Screen grid", "Trigger electrode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G6A11", @@ -3117,7 +3635,9 @@ "Harmonics are generated", "It becomes capacitive", "Catastrophic failure is likely" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G6A12", @@ -3129,7 +3649,9 @@ "To increase efficiency", "To increase the control grid resistance", "To decrease plate resistance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G6B01", @@ -3141,7 +3663,9 @@ "Its thickness", "The composition, or “mix,” of materials used", "The ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G6B02", @@ -3153,7 +3677,9 @@ "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit", "Metal Monolayer Integrated Circuit", "Mode Modulated Integrated Circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G6B03", @@ -3165,7 +3691,9 @@ "High power handling capability", "Better suited for RF amplification", "Better suited for power supply regulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G6B04", @@ -3177,7 +3705,9 @@ "500 MHz", "4 GHz", "40 GHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G6B05", @@ -3189,7 +3719,9 @@ "The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequencies", "Most of the magnetic field is contained in the core", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G6B06", @@ -3201,7 +3733,9 @@ "MMIC", "Programmable Logic", "Analog" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G6B07", @@ -3213,7 +3747,9 @@ "A small bayonet connector used for data circuits", "A low noise figure VHF connector", "A nickel plated version of the PL-259" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G6B08", @@ -3225,7 +3761,9 @@ "At the Zener voltage", "Reverse biased", "Forward biased" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G6B10", @@ -3237,7 +3775,9 @@ "It converts common-mode current to differential mode current", "By creating an out-of-phase current to cancel the common-mode current", "Ferrites expel magnetic fields" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G6B11", @@ -3249,7 +3789,9 @@ "A small threaded connector suitable for signals up to several GHz", "A connector designed for serial multiple access signals", "A type of push-on connector intended for high-voltage applications" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G6B12", @@ -3261,7 +3803,9 @@ "BNC", "RCA Phono", "Type N" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7A01", @@ -3273,7 +3817,9 @@ "It discharges the filter capacitors when power is removed", "It removes shock hazards from the induction coils", "It eliminates ground loop current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7A02", @@ -3285,7 +3831,9 @@ "Transformers and transducers", "Capacitors and inductors", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7A03", @@ -3297,7 +3845,9 @@ "Full-wave bridge", "Half-wave", "Synchronous" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7A04", @@ -3309,7 +3859,9 @@ "The ripple frequency is twice that of a full-wave rectifier", "More current can be drawn from the half-wave rectifier", "The output voltage is two times the peak input voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7A05", @@ -3321,7 +3873,9 @@ "180 degrees", "270 degrees", "360 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7A06", @@ -3333,7 +3887,9 @@ "180 degrees", "270 degrees", "360 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7A07", @@ -3345,7 +3901,9 @@ "A series of DC pulses at the same frequency as the AC input", "A sine wave at half the frequency of the AC input", "A steady DC voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7A08", @@ -3357,7 +3915,9 @@ "Fewer circuit components are required", "High-frequency operation allows the use of smaller components", "Inherently more stable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7A09", @@ -3369,7 +3929,9 @@ "Symbol 5", "Symbol 1", "Symbol 4" - ] + ], + "figure": "g7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7A10", @@ -3381,7 +3943,9 @@ "Symbol 1", "Symbol 11", "Symbol 5" - ] + ], + "figure": "g7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7A11", @@ -3393,7 +3957,9 @@ "Symbol 2", "Symbol 7", "Symbol 11" - ] + ], + "figure": "g7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7A12", @@ -3405,7 +3971,9 @@ "Symbol 7", "Symbol 6", "Symbol 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "g7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7A13", @@ -3417,7 +3985,9 @@ "Symbol 11", "Symbol 6", "Symbol 1" - ] + ], + "figure": "g7-1.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7B01", @@ -3429,7 +3999,9 @@ "To eliminate self-oscillations", "To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods", "To keep the carrier on frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7B02", @@ -3441,7 +4013,9 @@ "Class B", "Class AB", "Class C" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7B03", @@ -3453,7 +4027,9 @@ "Output is high only when both inputs are high", "Output is low when either or both inputs are high", "Output is low only when both inputs are high" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7B04", @@ -3465,7 +4041,9 @@ "More than 50% but less than 100%", "50%", "Less than 50%" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7B05", @@ -3477,7 +4055,9 @@ "6", "8", "16" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7B06", @@ -3489,7 +4069,9 @@ "An array of operational amplifiers used for tri-state arithmetic operations", "A digital mixer", "An analog mixer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7B07", @@ -3501,7 +4083,9 @@ "A frequency multiplier and a mixer", "A circulator and a filter operating in a feed-forward loop", "A filter and an amplifier operating in a feedback loop" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7B08", @@ -3513,7 +4097,9 @@ "Divide the RF output power by the DC input power", "Multiply the RF input power by the reciprocal of the RF output power", "Add the RF input power to the DC output power" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7B09", @@ -3525,7 +4111,9 @@ "The number of stages in the divider", "The inductance and capacitance in the tank circuit", "The time delay of the lag circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7B10", @@ -3537,7 +4125,9 @@ "An amplifier in which the output preserves the input waveform", "A Class C high efficiency amplifier", "An amplifier used as a frequency multiplier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7B11", @@ -3549,7 +4139,9 @@ "FM", "AM", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7C01", @@ -3561,7 +4153,9 @@ "Filter", "IF amplifier", "RF amplifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7C02", @@ -3573,7 +4167,9 @@ "Audio with equalized frequency response", "Audio extracted from the modulation signal", "Double-sideband modulated RF" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7C03", @@ -3585,7 +4181,9 @@ "To present the desired impedance to the transmitter and feed line", "To reduce power supply ripple", "To minimize radiation resistance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7C04", @@ -3597,7 +4195,9 @@ "Used in a transmitter to perform frequency multiplication", "Used in an FM receiver to filter out unwanted sidebands", "Used in a single sideband receiver to extract the modulated signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7C05", @@ -3609,7 +4209,9 @@ "Relatively high-power output", "Pure sine wave output", "Variable output frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7C06", @@ -3621,7 +4223,9 @@ "Fewer digital components are required", "Mixing products are greatly reduced", "The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7C07", @@ -3633,7 +4237,9 @@ "Return loss", "Q", "Ultimate rejection" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G7C08", @@ -3645,7 +4251,9 @@ "Demodulator stage bandwidth", "Input amplifier noise figure", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7C09", @@ -3657,7 +4265,9 @@ "90 degrees", "180 degrees", "45 degrees" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7C10", @@ -3669,7 +4279,9 @@ "All types of modulation can be created with appropriate processing", "Minimum detectible signal level is reduced", "Automatic conversion of the signal from digital to analog" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G7C11", @@ -3681,7 +4293,9 @@ "Detection", "Modulation", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7C12", @@ -3693,7 +4307,9 @@ "Neper frequency", "Cutoff frequency", "Rolloff frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G7C13", @@ -3705,7 +4321,9 @@ "Rolloff", "Insertion loss", "Ultimate rejection" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G7C14", @@ -3717,7 +4335,9 @@ "Cutoff and rolloff", "Pole and zero", "Image and harmonic" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8A01", @@ -3729,7 +4349,9 @@ "By changing an oscillator’s frequency directly with a digital control signal", "By using a transceiver’s computer data interface protocol to change frequencies", "By reconfiguring the CW keying input to act as a tone generator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8A02", @@ -3741,7 +4363,9 @@ "Phase modulation", "Phase transformation", "Phase inversion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8A03", @@ -3753,7 +4377,9 @@ "Frequency transformation", "Frequency conversion", "Frequency modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8A04", @@ -3765,7 +4391,9 @@ "Phase modulation", "Amplitude modulation", "Pulse modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8A05", @@ -3777,7 +4405,9 @@ "Phase modulation", "Frequency modulation", "Amplitude modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8A06", @@ -3789,7 +4419,9 @@ "Its encoding provides error correction", "Its bandwidth is approximately the same as BPSK31", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8A07", @@ -3801,7 +4433,9 @@ "Vestigial sideband", "Phase modulation", "Frequency modulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8A08", @@ -3813,7 +4447,9 @@ "Insufficient bandwidth", "Frequency drift", "Excessive bandwidth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8A09", @@ -3825,7 +4461,9 @@ "Vestigial sideband", "Amplitude compressed AM", "8-bit direct sequence spread spectrum" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8A10", @@ -3837,7 +4475,9 @@ "The transmitter’s automatic level control (ALC) is properly adjusted", "Signal distortion caused by excessive drive or speech levels", "The transmitter’s carrier is properly suppressed" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8A11", @@ -3849,7 +4489,9 @@ "The carrier frequency that contains the signal", "Spurious signals that envelop nearby frequencies", "The bandwidth of the modulated signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8A12", @@ -3861,7 +4503,9 @@ "Modulation using quadra-pole sideband keying to generate spread spectrum signals", "Modulation using Fast Fourier Transforms to generate frequencies at the first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of the carrier frequency to improve noise immunity", "Modulation in which digital data is transmitted using 0-, 90-, 180- and 270-degrees phase shift to represent pairs of bits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8A13", @@ -3873,7 +4517,9 @@ "The sum of antenna gains minus system losses", "The sum of transmit power and antenna gains minus system losses as seen at the receiver", "The difference between transmit power and receiver sensitivity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8A14", @@ -3885,7 +4531,9 @@ "The difference between received power level and minimum required signal level at the input to the receiver", "Transmit power minus receiver sensitivity", "Receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8B01", @@ -3897,7 +4545,9 @@ "Local oscillator", "RF input", "Beat frequency oscillator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8B02", @@ -3909,7 +4559,9 @@ "Image response", "Mixer interference", "Intermediate interference" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8B03", @@ -3921,7 +4573,9 @@ "Synthesizing", "Frequency inversion", "Phase inversion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8B04", @@ -3933,7 +4587,9 @@ "Reactance modulator", "Balanced converter", "Multiplier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8B05", @@ -3945,7 +4601,9 @@ "Even-order", "Odd-order", "Intercept point" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8B06", @@ -3957,7 +4615,9 @@ "5 kHz", "8 kHz", "16 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8B07", @@ -3969,7 +4629,9 @@ "416.7 Hz", "5 kHz", "60 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8B08", @@ -3981,7 +4643,9 @@ "Some modes have high duty cycles that could exceed the transmitter’s average power rating", "To allow time for the other station to break in during a transmission", "To prevent overmodulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8B09", @@ -3993,7 +4657,9 @@ "It minimizes power consumption in the receiver", "It improves impedance matching of the antenna", "It results in the best signal-to-noise ratio" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8B10", @@ -4005,7 +4671,9 @@ "Higher symbol rates require wider bandwidth", "Lower symbol rates require wider bandwidth", "Bandwidth is half the symbol rate" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8B11", @@ -4017,7 +4685,9 @@ "The average", "The sum and difference", "The arithmetic product" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8B12", @@ -4029,7 +4699,9 @@ "Heterodyning", "Detection", "Rolloff" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8B13", @@ -4041,7 +4713,9 @@ "3F1-F2", "2F1-F2", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8C02", @@ -4053,7 +4727,9 @@ "MFSK16", "PSK31", "SSB-SC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8C03", @@ -4065,7 +4741,9 @@ "Preamble", "Header", "Trailer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8C04", @@ -4077,7 +4755,9 @@ "A code using error detection and correction", "A 5-bit code with additional start and stop bits", "A code using SELCAL and LISTEN" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8C05", @@ -4089,7 +4769,9 @@ "Packet was received without error", "Receiving station connected and ready for transmissions", "Entire file received correctly" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8C06", @@ -4101,7 +4783,9 @@ "The connection is dropped", "Packets will be routed incorrectly", "Encoding reverts to the default character set" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8C07", @@ -4113,7 +4797,9 @@ "FT8", "AMTOR", "MFSK32" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8C08", @@ -4125,7 +4811,9 @@ "Upper case letters use longer Varicode bit sequences and thus slow down transmission", "Error correction is used to ensure accurate message reception", "Higher power is needed as compared to RTTY for similar error rates" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8C09", @@ -4137,7 +4825,9 @@ "If one node fails, a packet may still reach its target station via an alternate node", "Links between two nodes in a network may have different frequencies and bandwidths", "More nodes reduce overall microwave out of band interference" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G8C10", @@ -4149,7 +4839,9 @@ "By using the Varicode character set", "By transmitting redundant information with the data", "By using a parity bit with each character" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8C11", @@ -4161,7 +4853,9 @@ "On and off", "High and low", "Mark and space" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8C12", @@ -4173,7 +4867,9 @@ "Viterbi", "Volumetric", "Binary" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G8C13", @@ -4185,7 +4881,9 @@ "Backscatter propagation", "Insufficient modulation", "Overmodulation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G8C14", @@ -4197,7 +4895,9 @@ "Frequency is vertical, signal strength is intensity, time is horizontal", "Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is intensity, time is vertical", "Frequency is vertical, signal strength is horizontal, time is intensity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8C15", @@ -4209,7 +4909,9 @@ "The signal is S3 (weak signals)", "The signal-to-noise ratio is equivalent to +3dB in a 2.5 kHz bandwidth", "The signal is 3 dB over S9" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G8C16", @@ -4221,7 +4923,9 @@ "FT8, FT4, and FST4", "Winlink, PACTOR II, and PACTOR III", "DMR, D-STAR, and SystemFusion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9A01", @@ -4233,7 +4937,9 @@ "The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length of the line", "The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal", "The frequency of the signal and the length of the line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9A02", @@ -4245,7 +4951,9 @@ "High SWR increases loss in a lossy transmission line", "High SWR makes it difficult to measure transmission line loss", "High SWR reduces the relative effect of transmission line loss" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9A03", @@ -4257,7 +4965,9 @@ "75 ohms", "100 ohms", "450 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9A04", @@ -4269,7 +4979,9 @@ "Using more transmitter power than the antenna can handle", "A difference between feed line impedance and antenna feed point impedance", "Feeding the antenna with unbalanced feed line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G9A05", @@ -4281,7 +4993,9 @@ "Attenuation increases", "Attenuation decreases", "Attenuation follows Marconi’s Law of Attenuation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9A06", @@ -4293,7 +5007,9 @@ "Decibels per 1,000 feet", "Ohms per 100 feet", "Decibels per 100 feet" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9A07", @@ -4305,7 +5021,9 @@ "The feed line must be an odd number of electrical quarter wavelengths long", "The feed line must be an even number of physical half wavelengths long", "The antenna feed point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9A08", @@ -4317,7 +5035,9 @@ "5:1", "Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the characteristic impedance of the line", "Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the reflected power at the transmitter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9A09", @@ -4329,7 +5049,9 @@ "1:4", "2:1", "1:2" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9A10", @@ -4341,7 +5063,9 @@ "1:2", "1:5", "5:1" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9A11", @@ -4353,7 +5077,9 @@ "Higher loss increases SWR measured at the input to the line", "Higher loss increases the accuracy of SWR measured at the input to the line", "Transmission line loss does not affect the SWR measurement" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9B01", @@ -4365,7 +5091,9 @@ "Station equipment may carry significant RF current", "It produces only vertically polarized radiation", "It is more effective on the lower HF bands than on the higher bands" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9B02", @@ -4377,7 +5105,9 @@ "Slope the radials downward", "Lengthen the radials beyond one wavelength", "Coil the radials" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9B03", @@ -4389,7 +5119,9 @@ "Isotropic", "Hemispherical", "Omnidirectional in azimuth" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9B04", @@ -4401,7 +5133,9 @@ "It is a figure-eight off both ends of the antenna", "It is a circle (equal radiation in all directions)", "It has a pair of lobes on one side of the antenna and a single lobe on the other side" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9B05", @@ -4413,7 +5147,9 @@ "Antenna height has no effect on the pattern", "If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, the azimuthal pattern is almost omnidirectional", "If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G9B06", @@ -4425,7 +5161,9 @@ "Parallel to the antenna element", "On the surface or buried a few inches below the ground", "At the center of the antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G9B07", @@ -4437,7 +5175,9 @@ "It steadily decreases", "It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength above ground", "It is unaffected by the height above ground" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9B08", @@ -4449,7 +5189,9 @@ "It steadily decreases", "It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength from the end", "It is unaffected by the location of the feed point" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9B09", @@ -4461,7 +5203,9 @@ "Lower feed point impedance", "Shorter radials", "Lower radiation resistance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9B10", @@ -4473,7 +5217,9 @@ "16 feet", "24 feet", "33 feet" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9B11", @@ -4485,7 +5231,9 @@ "84 feet", "132 feet", "263 feet" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G9B12", @@ -4497,7 +5245,9 @@ "11 feet", "16 feet", "21 feet" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9C01", @@ -4509,7 +5259,9 @@ "Closer element spacing", "Loading coils in series with the element", "Tapered-diameter elements" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9C02", @@ -4521,7 +5273,9 @@ "1/2 wavelength", "3/4 wavelength", "1 wavelength" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9C03", @@ -4533,7 +5287,9 @@ "The reflector is shorter, and the director is longer", "They are all the same length", "Relative length depends on the frequency of operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9C04", @@ -4545,7 +5301,9 @@ "Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB higher", "Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd lower", "Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd higher" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9C05", @@ -4557,7 +5315,9 @@ "Beamwidth increases", "Front-to-back ratio decreases", "Resonant frequency is lower" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9C07", @@ -4569,7 +5329,9 @@ "The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors", "The power radiated in the major lobe compared to that in the opposite direction", "The ratio of forward gain to dipole gain" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G9C08", @@ -4581,7 +5343,9 @@ "The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element", "The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element", "The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9C09", @@ -4593,7 +5357,9 @@ "Approximately 3 dB higher", "Approximately 6 dB higher", "Approximately 9 dB higher" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9C10", @@ -4605,7 +5371,9 @@ "The number of elements on the boom", "The spacing of each element along the boom", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9C11", @@ -4617,7 +5385,9 @@ "A 1/4 wavelength section of 75-ohm coax in series with the feed point of a Yagi to provide impedance matching", "A series capacitor selected to cancel the inductive reactance of a folded dipole antenna", "A section of 300-ohm twin-lead transmission line used to match a folded dipole antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9C12", @@ -4629,7 +5399,9 @@ "It does not require any inductors or capacitors", "It is useful for matching multiband antennas", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9D01", @@ -4641,7 +5413,9 @@ "A vertical antenna placed between 1/4 and 1/2 wavelength above the ground", "A horizontal dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground", "A vertical dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9D02", @@ -4653,7 +5427,9 @@ "Approximately 50 ohms", "Approximately 300 ohms", "Very high" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9D03", @@ -4665,7 +5441,9 @@ "Opposite the feed point", "Omnidirectional in the plane of the halo", "On the same side as the feed point" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G9D04", @@ -4677,7 +5455,9 @@ "To notch spurious frequencies", "To provide balanced feed point impedance", "To prevent out-of-band operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9D05", @@ -4689,7 +5469,9 @@ "It allows simultaneous vertical and horizontal polarization", "It narrows the main lobe in azimuth", "It narrows the main lobe in elevation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9D06", @@ -4701,7 +5483,9 @@ "Higher gain per element than a Yagi antenna", "Harmonic suppression", "Polarization diversity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9D07", @@ -4713,7 +5497,9 @@ "Impedance varies periodically as a function of frequency", "Gain varies logarithmically as a function of frequency", "SWR varies periodically as a function of boom length" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9D08", @@ -4725,7 +5511,9 @@ "By varying the base loading inductance", "By extending and retracting the whip", "By deploying a capacitance hat" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9D09", @@ -4737,7 +5525,9 @@ "Directional transmitting for low HF bands", "Portable direction finding at higher HF frequencies", "Portable direction finding at lower HF frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G9D10", @@ -4749,7 +5539,9 @@ "Broadside to the loop", "Broadside and in the plane of the loop", "Electrically small loops are omnidirectional" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G9D11", @@ -4761,7 +5553,9 @@ "They must be used with an antenna tuner", "They must be fed with open wire line", "They have poor harmonic rejection" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G9D12", @@ -4773,7 +5567,9 @@ "Inverted L", "Sloper", "Lazy H" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0A01", @@ -4785,7 +5581,9 @@ "It causes radiation poisoning", "It causes the blood count to reach a dangerously low level", "It cools body tissue" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0A02", @@ -4797,7 +5595,9 @@ "Its frequency", "Its power density", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G0A03", @@ -4809,7 +5609,9 @@ "By calculation based on computer modeling", "By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G0A04", @@ -4821,7 +5623,9 @@ "The average time it takes RF radiation to have any long-term effect on the body", "The total time of the exposure", "The total RF exposure averaged over a certain period" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G0A05", @@ -4833,7 +5637,9 @@ "File an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS-97) with the FCC", "Secure written permission from your neighbors to operate above the controlled MPE limits", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0A06", @@ -4845,7 +5651,9 @@ "Contact the FCC for permission to transmit", "Perform an RF exposure evaluation in accordance with World Meteorological Organization guidelines", "Use an FCC-approved band-pass filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0A07", @@ -4857,7 +5665,9 @@ "A higher duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted", "Low duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure evaluation requirements", "High duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure requirements" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0A08", @@ -4869,7 +5679,9 @@ "Notify neighbors within a 100-foot radius of the antenna of the existence of the station and power levels", "Perform a routine RF exposure evaluation and prevent access to any identified high exposure areas", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G0A09", @@ -4881,7 +5693,9 @@ "A calibrated field strength meter with a calibrated antenna", "An SWR meter with a peak-reading function", "An oscilloscope with a high-stability crystal marker generator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G0A10", @@ -4893,7 +5707,9 @@ "Use an antenna with a higher front-to-back ratio", "Take precautions to ensure that the antenna cannot be pointed in their direction when they are present", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G0A11", @@ -4905,7 +5721,9 @@ "Position the antenna along the edge of a wall to reduce parasitic radiation", "Make sure that MPE limits are not exceeded in occupied areas", "Make sure the antenna is properly shielded" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G0A12", @@ -4917,7 +5735,9 @@ "Only stations with antennas lower than one wavelength above the ground", "Only stations transmitting more than 500 watts PEP", "All stations with a time-averaged transmission of more than one milliwatt" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G0B01", @@ -4929,7 +5749,9 @@ "Only the neutral wire", "Only the ground wire", "All wires" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0B02", @@ -4941,7 +5763,9 @@ "AWG number 16", "AWG number 12", "AWG number 8" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G0B03", @@ -4953,7 +5777,9 @@ "25 amperes", "20 amperes", "15 amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G0B04", @@ -4965,7 +5791,9 @@ "Outside the building", "Next to the closest power pole", "Parallel to the water supply line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G0B05", @@ -4977,7 +5805,9 @@ "Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires directly to ground", "Overvoltage on the hot wires", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G0B06", @@ -4989,7 +5819,9 @@ "Acceptable modulation limits", "Electrical safety of the station", "RF exposure limits of the human body" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G0B07", @@ -5001,7 +5833,9 @@ "Confirm that the harness is rated for the weight of the climber and that it is within its allowable service life", "Ensure that all heavy tools are securely fastened to the harness", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G0B08", @@ -5013,7 +5847,9 @@ "Make sure all circuits that supply power to the tower are locked out and tagged", "Unground the base of the tower", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "G0B09", @@ -5025,7 +5861,9 @@ "The generator must be insulated from ground", "Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0B10", @@ -5037,7 +5875,9 @@ "High voltages can cause lead-tin solder to disintegrate suddenly", "Tin in the solder can “cold flow,” causing shorts in the circuit", "RF energy can convert the lead into a poisonous gas" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "G0B11", @@ -5049,7 +5889,9 @@ "Bends in ground wires must be made as close as possible to a right angle", "Lightning grounds must be connected to all ungrounded wiring", "They must be bonded together with all other grounds" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "G0B12", @@ -5061,7 +5903,9 @@ "To shut down the unit if it becomes too hot", "To ensure that dangerous voltages are removed if the cabinet is opened", "To shut off the power supply if too much voltage is produced" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "G0B13", @@ -5073,6 +5917,8 @@ "On the antenna, opposite the feed point", "In series with each ground lead", "At the closest power pole ground electrode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" } -] +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/etc/data/hamradio/technician.json b/etc/data/hamradio/technician.json index 1faa1c6..ec1f083 100644 --- a/etc/data/hamradio/technician.json +++ b/etc/data/hamradio/technician.json @@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ "question": "Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?", "answers": [ "Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible", - "Providing communications for international non-profit organizations", + "Providing communications for international contesting", "Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1A02", @@ -17,11 +19,13 @@ "refs": "[97.1]", "question": "Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?", "answers": [ - "FEMA", + "ARRL", "Homeland Security", "The FCC", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1A03", @@ -30,22 +34,26 @@ "question": "What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?", "answers": [ "It is required when transmitting emergency messages", - "It is encouraged", + "It is encouraged when using phone emissions", "It is required when in contact with foreign stations", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1A04", "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.5(b)(1)]", - "question": "How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person?", + "refs": "[97.23]", + "question": "How do you receive official notification of your new license and call sign after passing the exam?", "answers": [ - "One", - "No more than two", - "One for each band on which the person plans to operate", - "One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate" - ] + "Email from the FCC with a link to download the license grant", + "USPS First-Class Mail from the FCC", + "Email from the lead volunteer examiner", + "USPS First-Class Mail from the lead volunteer examiner" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1A05", @@ -57,19 +65,23 @@ "An email notification from the NCVEC granting the license", "The license appears in the FCC ULS database", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1A06", "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(9)]", - "question": "What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon?", + "refs": "[97.203(d)]", + "question": "On which of the following HF frequencies can automatically controlled amateur propagation beacons be found?", "answers": [ - "A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges", - "A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency", - "A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service", - "An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities" - ] + "Anywhere in the Technician portion of 10 meters", + "Anywhere, if they are registered with the FCC", + "In a specific portion of each of the HF Technician bands", + "On ten meters, between 28.200 MHz and 28.300 MHz" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1A07", @@ -81,19 +93,23 @@ "A manned satellite orbiting Earth", "An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth's surface", "An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1A08", "correct": 1, "refs": "[97.3(a)(22)]", - "question": "Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?", + "question": "Who recommends transmit/receive channels for repeater and auxiliary stations?", "answers": [ - "Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC", - "Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs", - "FCC Regional Field Office", - "International Telecommunication Union" - ] + "A Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC", + "A Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs", + "An FCC Regional Field Office", + "The International Telecommunication Union" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1A09", @@ -104,68 +120,80 @@ "The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy", "The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators", "Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations", - "FCC Regional Field Office" - ] + "The FCC Regional Field Office" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(38), 97.407]", - "question": "What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)?", + "correct": 2, + "refs": "[97.407(a)]", + "question": "Besides an FCC-issued amateur operator license, what is required to be the control operator of a Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) Station?", "answers": [ - "A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications", - "A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications", - "An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "A written recommendation by the local ARRL Emergency Coordinator", + "Membership in the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)", + "Certification of current enrollment by a civil defense organization", + "Nothing" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1A11", "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.101 (d)]", - "question": "When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted?", + "refs": "[97.101(d)]", + "question": "Which of the following is prohibited?", "answers": [ - "To stop another amateur station that is breaking the FCC rules", - "At no time", - "When making short test transmissions", - "At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference" - ] + "International communications on VHF bands and higher frequencies", + "Willful or malicious interference", + "Third-party traffic using digital modes", + "All these choices are correct" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1B01", "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.301 (e)]", + "refs": "[97.301(e)]", "question": "Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?", "answers": [ "28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz", "28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz", "28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz", "28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1B02", "correct": 1, "refs": "[97.301, 97.207(c)]", - "question": "Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?", + "question": "Which of the following U.S. amateur radio operators are allowed to contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?", "answers": [ - "Any amateur holding a General class or higher license", - "Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license", - "Any amateur holding a General class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA", - "Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA" - ] + "Only amateurs with a General class or higher license", + "Any amateur with a Technician class or higher license", + "Only amateurs with a General class or higher license, and NASA approval", + "Any amateurs with a Technician class or higher license, and NASA approval" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1B03", "correct": 1, "refs": "[97.301(a)]", - "question": "Which frequency is in the 6 meter amateur band?", + "question": "Which frequency is in the 6-meter amateur band?", "answers": [ "49.00 MHz", "52.525 MHz", "28.50 MHz", "222.15 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1B04", @@ -177,19 +205,23 @@ "20 meters", "70 centimeters", "2 meters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1B05", "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.305(c)]", - "question": "How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band?", + "refs": "[97.301, 97.305]", + "question": "Which of the following bands include frequencies where Technicians are authorized to use digital modes such as FT8?", "answers": [ - "Spread spectrum only", - "Fast-scan television only", - "Emergency traffic only", - "Fixed digital message forwarding systems only" - ] + "10 meters", + "6 meters", + "2 meters", + "All these choices are correct" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1B06", @@ -198,10 +230,12 @@ "question": "On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?", "answers": [ "None", - "10 meter band only", - "80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter, and 10 meter bands", - "30 meter band only" - ] + "10-meter band only", + "80-meter, 40-meter, 15-meter, and 10-meter bands", + "30-meter band only" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1B07", @@ -213,7 +247,9 @@ "219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz", "902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHz", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1B08", @@ -225,7 +261,9 @@ "U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segments", "International communications are not permitted in those segments", "Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segments" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1B09", @@ -237,7 +275,9 @@ "So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge", "To allow for transmitter frequency drift", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1B10", @@ -249,7 +289,9 @@ "Only on repeaters", "In at least some segment of all these bands", "On any band if the power is limited to 25 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1B11", @@ -261,7 +303,9 @@ "100 watts", "50 watts", "10 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1B12", @@ -273,19 +317,23 @@ "100 watts", "500 watts", "1500 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1C01", "correct": 3, "refs": "[97.9(a), 97.17(a)]", - "question": "For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC?", + "question": "For which classes of amateur radio licenses does the FCC currently issue new licenses?", "answers": [ "Novice, Technician, General, Amateur Extra", "Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur Extra", "Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced", "Technician, General, Amateur Extra" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1C02", @@ -297,19 +345,23 @@ "Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra Class license", "Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years", "Any licensed amateur" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1C03", "correct": 0, "refs": "[97.117]", - "question": "What types of international communications are an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make?", + "question": "What types of international communications are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations permitted to make?", "answers": [ "Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character", "Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature", "Only communications incidental to contest exchanges; all other communications are prohibited", "Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1C04", @@ -321,43 +373,51 @@ "Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license", "Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system", "Nothing; there is no such requirement" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1C05", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a valid Technician class call sign format?", + "question": "Which of the following is a valid Group D call sign format for Technician class?", "answers": [ "KF1XXX", "KA1X", "W1XX", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1C06", "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.5(a)(2)]", - "question": "From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit?", + "refs": "[97.5(a)(2), 97.11(a)]", + "question": "Which of the following statements is true about using your amateur radio license when operating aboard a vessel or craft in international waters?", "answers": [ - "From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunication Union", - "From within any country that is a member of the United Nations", - "From anywhere within International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3", - "From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States" - ] + "Amateur operation is prohibited in international waters", + "You may only operate during maritime emergencies", + "You need special FCC authorization for maritime mobile operation", + "You may operate from a US-documented vessel with the master's permission" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1C07", "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.23]", - "question": "Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license?", + "refs": "[97.21, 1.949]", + "question": "How long before the expiration date may an amateur radio license renewal be requested?", "answers": [ - "Failure to inform the FCC of any changes in the amateur station following performance of an RF safety environmental evaluation", - "Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC", - "Failure to obtain FCC type acceptance prior to using a home-built transmitter", - "Failure to have a copy of your license available at your station" - ] + "30 days", + "90 days", + "6 months", + "1 year" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1C08", @@ -366,10 +426,12 @@ "question": "What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?", "answers": [ "Five years", - "Life", + "Eight years", "Ten years", - "Eight years" - ] + "Life" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1C09", @@ -381,7 +443,9 @@ "Three years", "Five years", "Ten years" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1C10", @@ -393,7 +457,9 @@ "As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website", "As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database", "As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1C11", @@ -405,7 +471,9 @@ "Yes, as soon as you apply for renewal", "Yes, for up to one year", "No, you must wait until the license has been renewed" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1D01", @@ -417,7 +485,9 @@ "Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications", "Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)", "Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1D02", @@ -425,11 +495,13 @@ "refs": "[97.113(b), 97.111(b)]", "question": "Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?", "answers": [ - "In all circumstances", + "Announcements of upcoming ham radio operating events", "Broadcasting", "International Morse Code Practice", "Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1D03", @@ -437,11 +509,13 @@ "refs": "[97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.113(a)(4)]", "question": "When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?", "answers": [ - "Only during contests", + "Only when using a remote station during a contest", "Only when transmitting certain approved digital codes", - "Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft", + "Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or model craft", "Never" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1D04", @@ -453,7 +527,9 @@ "When the music produces no spurious emissions", "When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hour", "When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1D05", @@ -465,7 +541,9 @@ "When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relatives", "When no profit is made on the sale", "When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1D06", @@ -475,21 +553,25 @@ "answers": [ "The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies", "Any such language is prohibited", - "The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies", + "The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies", "There is no such prohibition" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.113(d)]", - "question": "What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations?", + "correct": 0, + "refs": "[97.113(d), 97.201(e)]", + "question": "Which of the following is an example of an auxiliary station?", "answers": [ - "Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations", - "Earth, repeater, or space stations", - "Beacon, repeater, or space stations", - "Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations" - ] + "A station sending one-way transmissions between a remote repeater receiver and the main repeater transmitter", + "A backup radio for emergency use in case the main station radio fails", + "A station used in the Military Auxiliary Radio System for linking government and amateur stations in a digital network", + "A second station utilized in multi-operator contest stations" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1D08", @@ -498,10 +580,12 @@ "question": "In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?", "answers": [ "When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer", - "When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution", + "When the communication is a part of classroom instruction at an educational institution", "When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1D09", @@ -511,9 +595,11 @@ "answers": [ "When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property", "When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle", - "Where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network", + "Where non-commercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network", "Never" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1D10", @@ -525,19 +611,37 @@ "Any transmission made by the licensed station", "Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators", "Transmissions intended for reception by the general public" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1D11", "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.119(a)]", + "refs": "[97.215]", "question": "When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?", "answers": [ "When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments", "When the transmissions are unmodulated", - "When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt", + "When the transmitted power level is below 0.1 watt", "When transmitting signals to control model craft" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" + }, + { + "id": "T1D12", + "correct": 0, + "refs": "[97.119(a)]", + "question": "Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?", + "answers": [ + "Identify the transmitting station", + "Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time", + "Notify the FCC of the transmissions", + "All these choices are correct" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1E01", @@ -549,7 +653,9 @@ "When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station", "When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station", "Never" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1E02", @@ -561,7 +667,9 @@ "A General class or higher licensee with a satellite operator certification", "Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member", "Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1E03", @@ -573,7 +681,9 @@ "The FCC", "The frequency coordinator", "Any licensed operator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1E04", @@ -585,7 +695,9 @@ "The frequencies printed on the license grant", "The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises", "The class of operator license held by the control operator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1E05", @@ -597,19 +709,23 @@ "The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus", "The location at which the control operator function is performed", "The mailing address of the station licensee" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1E06", "correct": 0, "refs": "[97.301]", - "question": "When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?", + "question": "When, other than during an emergency, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?", "answers": [ "At no time", "When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licensee", "As part of a multi-operator contest team", "When using a club station whose trustee holds an Amateur Extra Class license" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1E07", @@ -621,7 +737,9 @@ "Only the station licensee", "Only the control operator", "The control operator and the station licensee" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1E08", @@ -633,19 +751,23 @@ "Controlling a station over the internet", "Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically", "Using a computer or other device to identify automatically" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1E09", "correct": 3, "refs": "[97.109(c)]", - "question": "Which of the following are required for remote control operation?", + "question": "Which amateur stations may be remotely controlled?", "answers": [ - "The control operator must be at the control point", - "A control operator is required at all times", - "The control operator must indirectly manipulate the controls", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Only repeater stations", + "Only automatically controlled stations", + "Only digital stations", + "Any station" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1E10", @@ -653,47 +775,55 @@ "refs": "[97.3(a)(39)]", "question": "Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?", "answers": [ - "Repeater operation", + "A software defined radio (SDR)", "Operating the station over the internet", "Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) communication" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1E11", "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.103(a)]", - "question": "Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?", + "refs": "[97.3(a)(13)]", + "question": "What is a control operator as defined in Part 97?", "answers": [ - "The station custodian", - "The third party participant", - "The person operating the station equipment", - "The station licensee" - ] + "The person speaking or otherwise communicating messages over an amateur station", + "The person who is the licensee of an amateur station", + "An amateur operator identified in the FCC database as responsible for transmissions and FCC rules compliance at a station license location", + "An amateur operator designated by the licensee of a station to be responsible for transmissions and FCC rules compliance at that station" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1F01", "correct": 1, "refs": "[97.103(c)]", - "question": "When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?", + "question": "When must the station licensee make the station and the station records available for inspection?", "answers": [ "At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection", "At any time upon request by an FCC representative", - "At any time after written notification by the FCC of such inspection", + "At any time after a written notification by the FCC of such inspection", "Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1F02", "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.119 (a)]", + "refs": "[97.119(a)]", "question": "How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?", "answers": [ "Never, the tactical call is sufficient", - "Once during every hour", - "At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication", + "Once every hour", + "At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication", "At the end of every transmission" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1F03", @@ -705,19 +835,23 @@ "At least once during each transmission", "At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication", "At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1F04", "correct": 2, "refs": "[97.119(b)(2)]", - "question": "What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band?", + "question": "What language must you use for identification when using a phone emission?", "answers": [ "Any language recognized by the United Nations", "Any language recognized by the ITU", "English", "English, French, or Spanish" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1F05", @@ -729,7 +863,9 @@ "Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission", "Send the call sign followed by the indicator R", "Send the call sign using only a phone emission" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1F06", @@ -741,31 +877,37 @@ "KL7CC slant W3", "KL7CC slash W3", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T1F07", "correct": 1, "refs": "[97.115(a)(2)]", - "question": "Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator?", + "question": "Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person speaks to a foreign amateur radio station via a station under the control of an FCC-licensed amateur radio operator?", "answers": [ "The person must be a U.S. citizen", - "The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third party agreement", + "The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third-party agreement", "The licensed control operator must do the station identification", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T1F08", "correct": 0, "refs": "[97.3(a)(47)]", - "question": "What is the definition of third party communications?", + "question": "What is the definition of third-party communications?", "answers": [ "A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person", "Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another", "Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator", "Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1F09", @@ -774,10 +916,12 @@ "question": "What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?", "answers": [ "Beacon station", - "Earth station", + "Remote control station", "Repeater station", "Message forwarding station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T1F10", @@ -789,7 +933,9 @@ "The control operator of the repeater", "The owner of the repeater", "Both the originating station and the repeater owner" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T1F11", @@ -799,45 +945,53 @@ "answers": [ "The trustee must have an Amateur Extra Class operator license grant", "The club must have at least four members", - "The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League", + "The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T2A01", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band?", + "question": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2-meter band?", "answers": [ "Plus or minus 5 MHz", "Plus or minus 600 kHz", "Plus or minus 500 kHz", "Plus or minus 1 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T2A02", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band?", + "question": "What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2-meter band?", "answers": [ "146.520 MHz", "145.000 MHz", "432.100 MHz", "446.000 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2A03", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band?", + "question": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70-centimeter band?", "answers": [ "Plus or minus 5 MHz", "Plus or minus 600 kHz", "Plus or minus 500 kHz", "Plus or minus 1 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2A04", @@ -845,11 +999,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign?", "answers": [ - "Say \"break, break,\" then say the station's call sign", + "Say \"break, break,\" then the other station’s call sign, followed by your call sign", "Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign", - "Say \"CQ\" three times, then the other station's call sign", - "Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer" - ] + "Say \"CQ\" three times, then the other station's call sign, followed by your call sign", + "Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer with your call sign" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T2A05", @@ -861,31 +1017,37 @@ "Transmit your call sign followed by the other station’s call sign", "Transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign", "Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2A06", - "correct": 0, + "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?", + "question": "What is an effective way to seek a call from any phone station when not using a repeater?", "answers": [ - "Identify the transmitting station", - "Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time", - "Notify the FCC of the transmissions", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Sign your call sign once, followed by the words “listening for a call;” if there is no answer, change the frequency and repeat", + "Say “QTC,” followed by “this is” and your call sign; if there is no answer, change the frequency and repeat", + "Transmit an unmodulated carrier for approximately 10 seconds, followed by “this is” and your call sign, and pause to listen; repeat as necessary", + "Repeat “CQ” a few times, followed by “this is,” and your call sign, then pause to listen; repeat as necessary" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2A07", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by \"repeater offset”?", + "question": "What does the term \"repeater offset\" mean?", "answers": [ "The difference between a repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies", "The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference", - "The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency", - "The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater" - ] + "The approximately half-second delay to allow for the “squelch tail” to be removed", + "The fee charged by the repeater owner or club to provide for maintenance" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2A08", @@ -893,23 +1055,27 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”?", "answers": [ - "Call on the quarter hour", - "Test transmission, no reply expected", + "A shortened form of the term “Contest QSO”", + "“Communication Quality,” used to indicate transmitted audio clarity", "Only the called station should transmit", "Calling any station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2A09", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following indicates that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?", + "question": "Which of the following is a customary way to indicate a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?", "answers": [ "“CQ CQ” followed by the repeater’s call sign", - "The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”", - "The repeater call sign followed by the station’s call sign", + "The station’s call sign followed by the word “listening”", + "The repeater’s call sign followed by the station’s call sign", "“QSY” followed by your call sign" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T2A10", @@ -921,7 +1087,9 @@ "A list of operating schedules", "A list of available net frequencies", "A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2A11", @@ -933,31 +1101,23 @@ "Diplex", "Simplex", "Multiplex" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should you do before calling CQ?", - "answers": [ - "Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency", - "Ask if the frequency is in use", - "Make sure you are authorized to use that frequency", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2B01", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "How is a VHF/UHF transceiver’s “reverse” function used?", + "question": "What is the purpose of the reverse function on a VHF/UHF transceiver?", "answers": [ "To reduce power output", "To increase power output", "To listen on a repeater’s input frequency", "To listen on a repeater’s output frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2B02", @@ -969,7 +1129,9 @@ "Tone burst", "DTMF", "CTCSS" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2B03", @@ -981,7 +1143,9 @@ "A single repeater with more than one receiver", "Multiple repeaters with the same control operator", "A system of repeaters linked by APRS" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2B04", @@ -993,31 +1157,37 @@ "You are using the wrong CTCSS tone", "You are using the wrong DCS code", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2B05", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks?", + "question": "Which of the following would cause your FM transmission audio to drop out on voice peaks?", "answers": [ "Your repeater offset is inverted", - "You need to talk louder", + "Your FM deviation is too low", "You are talking too loudly", "Your transmit power is too high" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2B06", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones?", + "question": "What type of signaling to a repeater uses two simultaneous audio tones?", "answers": [ "DTMF", "CTCSS", - "GPRS", + "GMRS", "D-STAR" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2B07", @@ -1025,11 +1195,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "How can you join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup”?", "answers": [ - "Register your radio with the local FCC office", - "Join the repeater owner’s club", + "Register with the local Frequency Coordinator", + "Register with the digital repeater control operator", "Program your radio with the group’s ID or code", - "Sign your call after the courtesy tone" - ] + "Program your radio with the DTMF tone used by the talkgroup" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2B08", @@ -1039,9 +1211,11 @@ "answers": [ "The stations should negotiate continued use of the frequency", "Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflict", - "Interference is inevitable, so no action is required", + "Whichever station was on the frequency first has preemptive rights to the frequency", "Use subaudible tones so both stations can share the frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2B09", @@ -1053,7 +1227,9 @@ "For contest operation", "For working DX only", "So stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2B10", @@ -1065,7 +1241,9 @@ "QRN", "QTH", "QSB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2B11", @@ -1077,19 +1255,23 @@ "QSY", "QSL", "QRZ" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T2B12", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems?", + "question": "What is the digital color code used on DMR repeater systems?", "answers": [ - "Must match the repeater color code for access", - "Defines the frequency pair to use", - "Identifies the codec used", - "Defines the minimum signal level required for access" - ] + "An access code which must be programmed into a DMR transmitter to access a specific repeater", + "A code which automatically programs the repeater offset to a frequency chosen by the user", + "A code which identifies the specific CODEC being used so that the repeater can properly decode the audio", + "A code transmitted by the repeater to indicate health and status of the equipment" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2B13", @@ -1101,19 +1283,37 @@ "Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present", "Eliminate parasitic oscillations in an RF amplifier", "Reduce interference from impulse noise" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" + }, + { + "id": "T2B14", + "correct": 1, + "refs": "", + "question": "Which of the following is a “talkgroup”?", + "answers": [ + "A group of amateur radio operators who share email on a specific amateur radio topic", + "An identifier used by DMR to organize radio traffic so that those who want to hear the group aren’t bothered by other radio traffic", + "The members of a net organized for amateur radio operators with a specific common interest", + "A method of automatically alerting all group members to the frequency where any member is transmitting" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T2C01", "correct": 3, "refs": "[97.103(a)]", - "question": "When do FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?", + "question": "When do the FCC Part 97 Amateur Radio Service rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?", "answers": [ - "When operating a RACES station", - "When operating under special FEMA rules", - "When operating under special ARES rules", + "When operating under RACES rules", + "When operating under FEMA rules", + "When operating under ARES rules", "FCC rules always apply" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2C02", @@ -1125,7 +1325,9 @@ "Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency", "Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2C03", @@ -1134,10 +1336,12 @@ "question": "What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?", "answers": [ "Send the words by voice and Morse code", - "Speak very loudly into the microphone", + "Use the Q-code “QSR” to ask the receiving station to repeat the words back", "Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2C04", @@ -1148,8 +1352,10 @@ "An emergency organization combining amateur radio and citizens band operators and frequencies", "An international radio experimentation society", "A radio contest held in a short period, sometimes called a “sprint”", - "An FCC part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies" - ] + "An FCC Part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2C05", @@ -1157,11 +1363,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What does the term “traffic” refer to in net operation?", "answers": [ - "Messages exchanged by net stations", + "Formal messages exchanged by net stations", "The number of stations checking in and out of a net", "Operation by mobile or portable stations", - "Requests to activate the net by a served agency" - ] + "A count of the number of activations of the net each month" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2C06", @@ -1173,7 +1381,9 @@ "A group of licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency", "A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies", "A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2C07", @@ -1185,19 +1395,23 @@ "Record the time of each of your transmissions", "Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T2C08", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling?", + "question": "Which of the following relays messages using email addresses based on amateur callsigns?", "answers": [ - "Passing messages exactly as received", - "Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery", - "Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Winlink", + "FT8", + "PSK31", + "AMTOR" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T2C09", @@ -1209,7 +1423,9 @@ "Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan", "Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan", "Yes, but only in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2C10", @@ -1221,7 +1437,9 @@ "The address of the intended recipient", "The telephone number of the addressee", "Information needed to track the message" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T2C11", @@ -1233,7 +1451,23 @@ "The call sign of the originating station", "A list of stations that have relayed the message", "A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" + }, + { + "id": "T2C12", + "correct": 1, + "refs": "", + "question": "Which of the following requires certification by a civil defense agency?", + "answers": [ + "ARES", + "RACES", + "MARS", + "SKYWARN" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3A01", @@ -1244,20 +1478,24 @@ "The signal path encounters different concentrations of water vapor", "VHF ionospheric propagation is very sensitive to path length", "Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "The Doppler effect causes slight frequency shifts which result in changes in signal strength" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3A02", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals?", + "question": "How does vegetation affect UHF and microwave signals?", "answers": [ - "Knife-edge diffraction", - "Absorption", - "Amplification", - "Polarization rotation" - ] + "Causes knife-edge diffraction, distorting voice peaks", + "Absorbs signals, leading to poor reception of weak signals", + "Amplifies signals, improving reception of weak signals", + "Has no effect" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3A03", @@ -1269,19 +1507,23 @@ "Left-hand circular", "Horizontal", "Vertical" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3A04", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization?", + "question": "What is the effect of antenna cross-polarization over a line-of-sight VHF or UHF path?", "answers": [ - "The modulation sidebands might become inverted", + "Modulation sidebands might become inverted", "Received signal strength is reduced", "Signals have an echo effect", "Nothing significant will happen" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3A05", @@ -1293,7 +1535,9 @@ "Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater", "Try the long path", "Increase the antenna SWR" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3A06", @@ -1304,8 +1548,10 @@ "Alternating transmissions during a net operation", "Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation", "A type of ground system used with vertical antennas", - "Local vs long-distance communications" - ] + "Interference from cable TV in the form of carriers at fixed intervals across the band" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3A07", @@ -1317,7 +1563,9 @@ "Low barometric pressure", "Precipitation", "Colder temperatures" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3A08", @@ -1329,7 +1577,9 @@ "Interference from thunderstorms", "Intermodulation distortion", "Random combining of signals arriving via different paths" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3A09", @@ -1341,7 +1591,9 @@ "Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception", "FM voice is unusable", "Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3A10", @@ -1353,31 +1605,37 @@ "Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed", "No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM", "Error rates are likely to increase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3A11", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "Which region of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves?", + "question": "Which region of the atmosphere can reflect HF radio waves?", "answers": [ "The stratosphere", "The troposphere", "The ionosphere", - "The mesosphere" - ] + "The electrosphere" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3A12", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of fog and rain on signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands?", + "question": "What effect does fog or rain have on 10-meter and 6-meter band signals?", "answers": [ "Absorption", - "There is little effect", + "Little effect", "Deflection", - "Range increase" - ] + "Increased range" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3B01", @@ -1389,7 +1647,9 @@ "They are in parallel", "They revolve in opposite directions", "They are at right angles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3B02", @@ -1401,7 +1661,9 @@ "The orientation of the magnetic field", "The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field", "The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3B03", @@ -1413,7 +1675,9 @@ "Voltage and current", "Electric and magnetic fields", "Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3B04", @@ -1423,9 +1687,11 @@ "answers": [ "Speed of light", "Speed of sound", - "Speed inversely proportional to its wavelength", - "Speed that increases as the frequency increases" - ] + "0.86 times the speed of light", + "1.86 times the speed of sound" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3B05", @@ -1435,9 +1701,11 @@ "answers": [ "Wavelength gets longer as frequency increases", "Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases", - "Wavelength and frequency are unrelated", + "Wavelength is constant at all frequencies", "Wavelength and frequency increase as path length increases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3B06", @@ -1449,7 +1717,9 @@ "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300", "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300", "Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3B07", @@ -1461,7 +1731,9 @@ "Traditional letter/number designators", "Channel numbers", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3B08", @@ -1473,7 +1745,9 @@ "30 MHz to 300 MHz", "300 kHz to 3000 kHz", "300 MHz to 3000 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3B09", @@ -1485,7 +1759,9 @@ "30 to 300 MHz", "300 to 3000 kHz", "300 to 3000 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3B10", @@ -1497,7 +1773,9 @@ "30 to 300 MHz", "3 to 30 MHz", "300 to 3000 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3B11", @@ -1505,11 +1783,27 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space?", "answers": [ - "150,000 meters per second", + "150,000,000 meters per second", "300,000,000 meters per second", "300,000,000 miles per hour", - "150,000 miles per hour" - ] + "150,000,000 miles per hour" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" + }, + { + "id": "T3B12", + "correct": 3, + "refs": "", + "question": "Which of these frequencies travels at the highest velocity in free space?", + "answers": [ + "Microwaves", + "UHF", + "VHF", + "All radio frequencies travel at the same velocity" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3C01", @@ -1521,7 +1815,9 @@ "FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles", "UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere", "UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3C02", @@ -1533,31 +1829,37 @@ "HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals", "Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF", "There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T3C03", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?", + "question": "What is one characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?", "answers": [ "They are often received from 10,000 miles or more", - "They are distorted and signal strength varies considerably", + "They are distorted, with a characteristic raspy sound", "They occur only during winter nighttime hours", "They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3C04", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?", + "question": "Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10-, 6-, and 2-meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?", "answers": [ "Backscatter", "Sporadic E", "D region absorption", "Gray-line propagation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3C05", @@ -1569,7 +1871,9 @@ "Faraday rotation", "Quantum tunneling", "Doppler shift" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3C06", @@ -1581,7 +1885,9 @@ "D region refraction", "F2 region refraction", "Faraday rotation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3C07", @@ -1593,7 +1899,9 @@ "6 meters", "2 meters", "70 centimeters" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T3C08", @@ -1605,19 +1913,23 @@ "Sunspots and solar flares", "Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes", "Temperature inversions in the atmosphere" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T3C09", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region?", + "question": "What is generally the best time for long-distance 10-meter band propagation via the F region?", "answers": [ "From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity", "From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity", "From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity", "From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3C10", @@ -1629,7 +1941,9 @@ "23 centimeters", "70 centimeters and 1.25 meters", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T3C11", @@ -1641,19 +1955,23 @@ "Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles", "The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly", "Radio waves are blocked by dust particles" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4A01", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver?", + "question": "Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50-watt output mobile FM transceiver?", "answers": [ "24.0 volts at 4 amperes", "13.8 volts at 4 amperes", "24.0 volts at 12 amperes", "13.8 volts at 12 amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T4A02", @@ -1663,9 +1981,11 @@ "answers": [ "The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made", "The distance that the meter will be located from the antenna", - "The types of modulation being used at the station", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "The maximum SWR anticipated on the transmission line", + "The ability of the meter to compensate for a poor transmission line match to the antenna" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4A03", @@ -1674,22 +1994,26 @@ "question": "Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver’s DC power connection?", "answers": [ "To minimize voltage drop when transmitting", - "To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna", + "To provide a close match to the power supply output impedance", "To avoid RF interference", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "To minimize radiative losses in the power cable" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4A04", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?", + "question": "How are the audio input and output of a transceiver connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?", "answers": [ "To a computer running a terminal program and connected to a terminal node controller unit", - "To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software", + "To the audio output and input of a computer running FT8 software", "To an FT8 conversion unit, a keyboard, and a computer monitor", "To a computer connected to the FT8converter.com website" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T4A05", @@ -1701,7 +2025,9 @@ "At the power supply output", "In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna", "In the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4A06", @@ -1713,19 +2039,23 @@ "Antenna and RF power", "Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying", "NMEA GPS location and DC power" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4A07", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes?", + "question": "Which of the following is one of the connections required between a computer and a transceiver to operate digital modes?", "answers": [ "Computer “line out” to transceiver push-to-talk", "Computer “line in” to transceiver push-to-talk", "Computer “line in” to transceiver speaker connector", "Computer “line out” to transceiver speaker connector" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4A08", @@ -1734,10 +2064,12 @@ "question": "Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?", "answers": [ "Copper braid removed from coaxial cable", - "Steel wire", + "Copper-clad steel wire", "Twisted-pair cable", "Flat copper strap" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T4A09", @@ -1749,19 +2081,23 @@ "Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment", "Multiply the watts per hour consumed by the equipment by the battery power rating", "Multiply the square of the current rating of the battery by the input resistance of the equipment" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T4A10", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot?", + "question": "What function does a digital mode hotspot perform for nearby transceivers?", "answers": [ - "Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet", - "FT8 digital communications via AFSK", + "Communication with a digital voice or data network", + "FT8 digital communications via AFSK using a smartphone connected to the internet", "RTTY encoding and decoding without a computer", "High-speed digital communications for meteor scatter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4A11", @@ -1769,11 +2105,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?", "answers": [ - "At the 12 volt battery chassis ground", - "At the antenna mount", + "At the 12-volt battery chassis ground", + "To the shell of the power connector", "To any metal part of the vehicle", "Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4A12", @@ -1785,7 +2123,9 @@ "A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit", "A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code", "An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4B01", @@ -1796,8 +2136,10 @@ "Frequency instability", "Distorted transmitted audio", "Increased SWR", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Sideband inversion" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T4B02", @@ -1809,7 +2151,9 @@ "The CTCSS or DTMF encoder", "The Automatic Frequency Control", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4B03", @@ -1821,19 +2165,23 @@ "Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold", "Turn on the anti-squelch function", "Enable squelch enhancement" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T4B04", - "correct": 1, + "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver?", + "question": "What does an FM signal sound like when received slightly off frequency?", "answers": [ - "Enable the frequency offset", - "Store it in a memory channel", - "Enable the VOX", - "Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency" - ] + "The audio increases in pitch", + "The audio decrease in pitch", + "There is no effect except for reduction in amplitude", + "The audio becomes distorted" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T4B05", @@ -1844,8 +2192,10 @@ "Checks incoming signal deviation", "Prevents interference to nearby repeaters", "Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity", - "Checks for messages left on a digital bulletin board" - ] + "Tunes through a range of frequencies to determine the antenna’s resonant frequency" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4B06", @@ -1857,43 +2207,51 @@ "The bandwidth selection", "The tone squelch", "The RIT or Clarifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T4B07", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What does a DMR “code plug” contain?", + "question": "What is a DMR “code plug”?", "answers": [ - "Your call sign in CW for automatic identification", - "Access information for repeaters and talkgroups", - "The codec for digitizing audio", - "The DMR software version" - ] + "An adapter cable used to connect a DMR radio to a computer for internet access", + "Configuration data loaded onto your radio to access repeaters and talkgroups", + "An upgrade to DMR programming software provided by the radio manufacturer to accommodate new radio models", + "A Coder-Decoder (CODEC) that converts analog voice data to DMR digital data and vice versa" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T4B08", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver?", + "question": "What is the advantage of having a choice of receiver filter bandwidths in a multimode transceiver?", "answers": [ - "Permits monitoring several modes at once by selecting a separate filter for each mode", + "Permits monitoring several modes simultaneously by selecting a separate filter for each mode", "Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode", "Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory", "Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T4B09", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver?", + "question": "How is a specific group of stations selected on a DMR digital voice transceiver?", "answers": [ "By retrieving the frequencies from transceiver memory", "By enabling the group’s CTCSS tone", "By entering the group’s identification code", - "By activating automatic identification" - ] + "By inserting a five-pin, pre-programmed code plug" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4B10", @@ -1905,7 +2263,9 @@ "1000 Hz", "2400 Hz", "5000 Hz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T4B11", @@ -1917,19 +2277,9 @@ "Your output power", "The codec type being used", "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal’s frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Change in audio pitch", - "Sideband inversion", - "Generation of a heterodyne tone", - "Distortion of the signal’s audio" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5A01", @@ -1941,7 +2291,9 @@ "Watts", "Ohms", "Amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5A02", @@ -1953,43 +2305,51 @@ "Watts", "Watt-hours", "Amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5A03", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?", + "question": "What is the term for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?", "answers": [ "Voltage", - "Resistance", - "Capacitance", + "Amperes per second", + "Volts per second", "Current" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5A04", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What are the units of electrical resistance?", + "question": "What term describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?", "answers": [ - "Siemens", - "Mhos", - "Ohms", - "Coulombs" - ] + "Pulse rate", + "Wave number", + "Frequency", + "Wavelength" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5A05", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the electrical term for the force that causes electron flow?", + "question": "A difference in which of the following causes electron flow?", "answers": [ "Voltage", "Ampere-hours", "Capacitance", "Inductance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5A06", @@ -2000,8 +2360,10 @@ "Hertz", "Henry", "Farad", - "Tesla" - ] + "Epicycles per second" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5A07", @@ -2012,8 +2374,10 @@ "They have relatively high density", "They have many free electrons", "They have many free protons", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "They have relatively high Young’s modulus values" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5A08", @@ -2021,11 +2385,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?", "answers": [ - "Copper", + "Sea water", "Glass", - "Aluminum", - "Mercury" - ] + "Stainless steel", + "Graphite" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5A09", @@ -2037,7 +2403,9 @@ "Current that alternates between a negative direction and zero", "Current that alternates between positive and negative directions", "All these answers are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5A10", @@ -2049,7 +2417,9 @@ "Current", "Power", "Voltage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5A11", @@ -2061,19 +2431,9 @@ "Alternating current", "RF current", "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?", - "answers": [ - "Pulse rate", - "Speed", - "Wavelength", - "Frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5B01", @@ -2081,11 +2441,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?", "answers": [ - "15 milliamperes", - "150 milliamperes", + "0.0000015 milliamperes", + "0.0015 milliamperes", "1500 milliamperes", - "15,000 milliamperes" - ] + "1,500,000 milliamperes" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5B02", @@ -2097,7 +2459,9 @@ "1500 MHz", "15 GHz", "150 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5B03", @@ -2109,7 +2473,9 @@ "One hundred volts", "One thousand volts", "One million volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5B04", @@ -2121,7 +2487,9 @@ "One million volts", "One thousand kilovolts", "One one-thousandth of a volt" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5B05", @@ -2129,11 +2497,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Which is equal to 500 milliwatts?", "answers": [ - "0.02 watts", - "0.5 watts", "5 watts", - "50 watts" - ] + "0.5 watts", + "500,000 watts", + "500,000,000 watts" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5B06", @@ -2145,7 +2515,9 @@ "0.3 amperes", "3,000,000 amperes", "3 amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5B07", @@ -2157,7 +2529,9 @@ "35.25 kHz", "3525 kHz", "3,525,000 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5B08", @@ -2169,7 +2543,9 @@ "1 microfarad", "1000 microfarads", "1,000,000,000 microfarads" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5B09", @@ -2181,7 +2557,9 @@ "3 dB", "5 dB", "10 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5B10", @@ -2193,7 +2571,9 @@ "-3 dB", "-6 dB", "-9 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5B11", @@ -2205,7 +2585,9 @@ "12 dB", "18 dB", "28 dB" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5B12", @@ -2217,7 +2599,9 @@ "2.800 MHz", "284.00 MHz", "28.400 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5B13", @@ -2228,8 +2612,10 @@ "0.002425 GHz", "24.25 GHz", "2.425 GHz", - "2425 GHz" - ] + "242.5 GHz" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5C01", @@ -2239,9 +2625,11 @@ "answers": [ "Inductance", "Resistance", - "Tolerance", + "Frequency", "Capacitance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5C02", @@ -2249,11 +2637,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the unit of capacitance?", "answers": [ - "The farad", - "The ohm", - "The volt", - "The henry" - ] + "Farad", + "Ohm", + "Volt", + "Henry" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5C03", @@ -2265,7 +2655,9 @@ "Capacitance", "Resistance", "Inductance" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5C04", @@ -2273,11 +2665,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the unit of inductance?", "answers": [ - "The coulomb", - "The farad", - "The henry", - "The ohm" - ] + "Coulomb", + "Farad", + "Henry", + "Ohm" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5C05", @@ -2285,23 +2679,27 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the unit of impedance?", "answers": [ - "The volt", - "The ampere", - "The coulomb", - "The ohm" - ] + "Volt", + "Ampere", + "Coulomb", + "Ohm" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5C06", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What does the abbreviation “RF” mean?", + "question": "What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?", "answers": [ - "Radio frequency signals of all types", - "The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit", - "The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency", - "Reflective force in antenna transmission lines" - ] + "kHz", + "khz", + "KHz", + "KHZ" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5C07", @@ -2309,23 +2707,27 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the abbreviation for megahertz?", "answers": [ - "MH", - "mh", + "mHz", + "mHZ", "Mhz", "MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5C08", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?", + "question": "What formula is used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?", "answers": [ - "P = I × E", + "P = I x E", "P = E / I", - "P = E – I", - "P = I + E" - ] + "P = I2 x E", + "P = I / E" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5C09", @@ -2337,7 +2739,9 @@ "0.7 watts", "23.8 watts", "3.8 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5C10", @@ -2349,7 +2753,9 @@ "30 watts", "14.5 watts", "0.208 watts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5C11", @@ -2361,7 +2767,9 @@ "10 amperes", "12 amperes", "132 amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5C12", @@ -2371,21 +2779,11 @@ "answers": [ "The opposition to AC current flow", "The inverse of resistance", - "The Q or Quality Factor of a component", + "The inverse of reactance", "The power handling capability of a component" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?", - "answers": [ - "KHZ", - "khz", - "khZ", - "kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5D01", @@ -2393,11 +2791,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit?", "answers": [ - "I = E × R", + "I = E x R", "I = E / R", - "I = E + R", - "I = E - R" - ] + "I = E2 x R", + "I = E2 / R" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5D02", @@ -2407,9 +2807,11 @@ "answers": [ "E = I x R", "E = I / R", - "E = I + R", - "E = I - R" - ] + "E = I2 x R", + "E = I2 / R" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5D03", @@ -2421,7 +2823,9 @@ "R = E / I", "R = E + I", "R = E - I" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5D04", @@ -2431,9 +2835,11 @@ "answers": [ "3 ohms", "30 ohms", - "93 ohms", + "1/30 ohm", "270 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5D05", @@ -2445,7 +2851,9 @@ "0.125 ohms", "8 ohms", "13.5 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5D06", @@ -2457,7 +2865,9 @@ "16 ohms", "48 ohms", "8 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5D07", @@ -2469,7 +2879,9 @@ "200 amperes", "0.667 amperes", "1.5 amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5D08", @@ -2481,7 +2893,9 @@ "0.5 amperes", "2 amperes", "100 amperes" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5D09", @@ -2489,11 +2903,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?", "answers": [ - "24,000 amperes", + "2400 amperes", "0.1 amperes", "10 amperes", - "216 amperes" - ] + "5760 amperes" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T5D10", @@ -2505,7 +2921,9 @@ "0.25 volts", "2.5 volts", "1.5 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5D11", @@ -2517,7 +2935,9 @@ "10 volts", "11 volts", "9 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T5D12", @@ -2529,31 +2949,37 @@ "0.2 volts", "12 volts", "20 volts" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T5D13", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "In which type of circuit is DC current the same through all components?", + "question": "In which type of circuit is the current always the same through all components?", "answers": [ "Series", "Parallel", "Resonant", "Branch" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T5D14", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components?", + "question": "In which type of circuit is the voltage always the same across all components?", "answers": [ "Series", "Parallel", "Resonant", "Branch" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6A01", @@ -2565,7 +2991,9 @@ "Resistor", "Inverter", "Transformer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6A02", @@ -2577,7 +3005,9 @@ "Power resistor", "Potentiometer", "Transformer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6A03", @@ -2589,7 +3019,9 @@ "Resistance", "Capacitance", "Field strength" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6A04", @@ -2597,11 +3029,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?", "answers": [ - "Varistor", + "Resistor", "Capacitor", "Inductor", "Diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6A05", @@ -2613,7 +3047,9 @@ "Potentiometer", "Oscillator", "Capacitor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6A06", @@ -2621,11 +3057,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field?", "answers": [ - "Varistor", + "Resistor", "Capacitor", "Inductor", "Diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6A07", @@ -2633,11 +3071,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What electrical component is typically constructed as a coil of wire?", "answers": [ - "Switch", + "Transistor", "Capacitor", "Diode", "Inductor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6A08", @@ -2649,19 +3089,23 @@ "Two circuits are opened or closed", "A single circuit is switched between one of two other circuits", "Two circuits are each switched between one of two other circuits" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6A09", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads?", + "question": "What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T-2?", "answers": [ - "Fuse", - "Thyratron", - "Varactor", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Single-pole single-throw", + "Single-pole double-throw", + "Double-pole single-throw", + "Double-pole double-throw" + ], + "figure": "t-2.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6A10", @@ -2673,7 +3117,9 @@ "Lithium-ion", "Lead-acid", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6A11", @@ -2685,19 +3131,9 @@ "Carbon-zinc", "Lead-acid", "Lithium-ion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T-2?", - "answers": [ - "Single-pole single-throw", - "Single-pole double-throw", - "Double-pole single-throw", - "Double-pole double-throw" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6B01", @@ -2709,7 +3145,9 @@ "It is proportional to peak inverse voltage", "It indicates that the diode is defective", "It has no impact on the voltage delivered to the load" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6B02", @@ -2721,7 +3159,9 @@ "Fuse", "Diode", "Driven element" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6B03", @@ -2733,7 +3173,9 @@ "Potentiometer", "Transistor", "Thermistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6B04", @@ -2744,8 +3186,10 @@ "Alternator", "Transistor", "Triode", - "Pentagrid converter" - ] + "Pentode" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6B05", @@ -2755,9 +3199,11 @@ "answers": [ "Varistor", "Field-effect", - "Tesla-effect", + "Hall-effect", "Bipolar junction" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6B06", @@ -2769,7 +3215,9 @@ "With a stripe", "With the letter C", "With the letter K" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6B07", @@ -2781,7 +3229,9 @@ "Reverse current", "Capacitively-coupled RF signal", "Inductively-coupled RF signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6B08", @@ -2793,7 +3243,9 @@ "Fast Electron Transistor", "Free Electron Transmitter", "Field Effect Transistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6B09", @@ -2805,7 +3257,9 @@ "Source and drain", "Anode and cathode", "Gate and base" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6B10", @@ -2817,19 +3271,23 @@ "Transistor", "Reactor", "Resistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6B11", - "correct": 0, + "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal?", + "question": "What does the term gain mean in amplifiers?", "answers": [ - "Gain", - "Forward resistance", - "Forward voltage drop", - "On resistance" - ] + "The output signal voltage relative to the input signal voltage", + "The output signal current relative to the input signal current", + "The output signal power relative to the input signal power", + "All these choices are correct" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6B12", @@ -2841,19 +3299,23 @@ "Emitter, base, collector", "Input, output, supply", "Pole one, pole two, output" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6C01", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols?", + "question": "What is an electrical diagram using standard component symbols called?", "answers": [ - "Bill of materials", - "Connector pinout", + "Connection chart", + "Instrumentation system", "Schematic", "Flow chart" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6C02", @@ -2865,7 +3327,9 @@ "Transistor", "Battery", "Connector" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-1.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6C03", @@ -2877,7 +3341,9 @@ "Transistor", "Indicator lamp", "Connector" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-1.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6C04", @@ -2889,7 +3355,9 @@ "Transistor", "Lamp", "Ground symbol" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-1.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6C05", @@ -2901,7 +3369,9 @@ "Transistor", "Ground symbol", "Battery" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-1.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6C06", @@ -2913,7 +3383,9 @@ "Capacitor", "Regulator IC", "Transistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-2.png", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6C07", @@ -2925,7 +3397,9 @@ "Inductor", "Regulator IC", "Light emitting diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-2.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6C08", @@ -2937,7 +3411,9 @@ "Variable inductor", "Variable resistor", "Variable transformer" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-2.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6C09", @@ -2949,7 +3425,9 @@ "Double-pole switch", "Potentiometer", "Transformer" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-2.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6C10", @@ -2961,7 +3439,9 @@ "Meter", "Variable capacitor", "Variable inductor" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-3.png", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6C11", @@ -2973,7 +3453,9 @@ "Transmitter", "Dummy load", "Ground" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-3.png", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6C12", @@ -2985,7 +3467,9 @@ "Physical appearance of components", "Component connections", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6D01", @@ -2997,7 +3481,9 @@ "Rectifier", "Amplifier", "Reflector" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6D02", @@ -3006,10 +3492,12 @@ "question": "What is a relay?", "answers": [ "An electrically-controlled switch", - "A current controlled amplifier", + "A current-controlled amplifier", "An inverting amplifier", "A pass transistor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6D03", @@ -3020,8 +3508,10 @@ "To decrease the resistance of DC power connections", "To increase the current carrying capability of the wire", "To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire", - "To couple the wire to other signals" - ] + "To reduce receiver overload" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6D04", @@ -3033,7 +3523,9 @@ "Transistor", "Meter", "Relay" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6D05", @@ -3045,7 +3537,9 @@ "Oscillator", "Filter", "Phase inverter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6D06", @@ -3057,7 +3551,9 @@ "Transformer", "Transistor", "Diode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T6D07", @@ -3068,8 +3564,10 @@ "LED", "FET", "Zener diode", - "Bipolar transistor" - ] + "All these choices are correct" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T6D08", @@ -3081,7 +3579,9 @@ "Zener diode", "Potentiometer", "Capacitor" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T6D09", @@ -3093,7 +3593,9 @@ "Multi-pole relay", "Integrated circuit", "Transformer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6D10", @@ -3105,7 +3607,9 @@ "Supply electrical energy", "Control the flow of current", "Convert electrical energy into radio waves" - ] + ], + "figure": "t-1.png", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T6D11", @@ -3117,7 +3621,9 @@ "A linear voltage regulator", "A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio", "A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7A01", @@ -3125,11 +3631,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal?", "answers": [ - "Linearity", + "RF gain", "Sensitivity", "Selectivity", "Total Harmonic Distortion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7A02", @@ -3141,7 +3649,9 @@ "A device for matching feed line impedance to 50 ohms", "A device for automatically sending and decoding Morse code", "A device for converting receiver and transmitter frequencies to another band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7A03", @@ -3153,7 +3663,9 @@ "Mixer", "Inverter", "Amplifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7A04", @@ -3165,7 +3677,9 @@ "Sensitivity", "Selectivity", "Harmonic distortion" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7A05", @@ -3177,7 +3691,9 @@ "Phase modulator", "Low-pass filter", "Oscillator" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7A06", @@ -3189,7 +3705,9 @@ "Low-pass filter", "Transverter", "Phase converter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7A07", @@ -3201,7 +3719,9 @@ "Switches transceiver from receive to transmit when grounded", "Provides a transmit tuning tone when grounded", "Input for a preamplifier tuning tone" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7A08", @@ -3213,43 +3733,51 @@ "Oscillation", "Modulation", "Low-pass filtering" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7A09", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier?", + "question": "What is the function of the switch which selects either SSB or CW-FM on some VHF power amplifiers?", "answers": [ "Change the mode of the transmitted signal", "Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode", "Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper segment of the band", "Reduce the received signal noise" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7A10", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What device increases the transmitted output power from a transceiver?", + "question": "What can be added to the output of a transceiver to increase the transmitted output power?", "answers": [ - "A voltage divider", + "A potentiometer", "An RF power amplifier", - "An impedance network", + "An impedance multiplier", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7A11", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "Where is an RF preamplifier installed?", + "question": "What is the function of the Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO) circuit in a transceiver?", "answers": [ - "Between the antenna and receiver", - "At the output of the transmitter power amplifier", - "Between the transmitter and the antenna tuner", - "At the output of the receiver audio amplifier" - ] + "Set the receive and transmit frequency", + "Provide automatic frequency control", + "Inject a variable frequency to allow CW reception", + "Generate and demodulate single sideband signals" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7B01", @@ -3261,7 +3789,9 @@ "Let the transceiver cool off", "Change to a higher power level", "Talk farther away from the microphone" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B02", @@ -3273,7 +3803,9 @@ "The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too high", "The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloaded", "The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7B03", @@ -3285,31 +3817,37 @@ "Harmonics", "Spurious emissions", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B04", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable?", + "question": "Which of the following might be the cause of low RF power output from a solid-state transceiver?", "answers": [ - "Band-pass filter", - "Low-pass filter", - "Preamplifier", - "Ferrite choke" - ] + "Poor amplifier noise figure", + "Poor amplifier linearity", + "Low SWR", + "High SWR" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B05", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "How can fundamental overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?", + "question": "Which of the following might reduce interference by an amateur station to a non-amateur over-the-air radio receiver?", "answers": [ "Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver", "Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitter", "Switch the transmitter from FM to SSB", "Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7B06", @@ -3321,19 +3859,23 @@ "Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance", "Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7B07", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can reduce overload of a VHF transceiver by a nearby commercial FM station?", + "question": "Which of the following can reduce interference to a 2-meter band transceiver from a nearby commercial FM station?", "answers": [ "Installing an RF preamplifier", "Using double-shielded coaxial cable", "Installing bypass capacitors on the microphone cable", "Installing a band-reject filter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B08", @@ -3345,7 +3887,9 @@ "Politely inform your neighbor that FCC rules prohibit the use of devices that cause interference", "Make sure your station meets the standards of good amateur practice", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B09", @@ -3357,7 +3901,9 @@ "Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input", "Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input", "Be sure all TV feed line coaxial connectors are installed properly" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B10", @@ -3366,22 +3912,26 @@ "question": "What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible?", "answers": [ "Your transmitter is slightly off frequency", - "Your batteries are running low", + "You are speaking too loudly or too close to the microphone", "You are in a bad location", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7B11", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?", + "question": "Which of the following can eliminate distorted voice transmissions?", "answers": [ - "Excessive SWR at the antenna connection", - "The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency", - "Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions", - "Frequent blowing of power supply fuses" - ] + "Adding extra feedline to the antenna to lower SWR", + "Turning the radio on and off to reset the computer-controlled circuitry", + "Adding a clip-on ferrite “choke” to the microphone cable to prevent the transmitted signal from feeding back into the transmitter", + "Turning the squelch control fully clockwise to prevent the transmitted signal from triggering the squelch circuit" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7C01", @@ -3393,7 +3943,9 @@ "To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter", "To improve the efficiency of an antenna", "To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7C02", @@ -3405,19 +3957,23 @@ "An antenna analyzer", "A Q meter", "A frequency counter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7C03", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What does a dummy load consist of?", + "question": "What does a typical RF dummy load consist of?", "answers": [ - "A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch", - "A non-inductive resistor mounted on a heat sink", + "A low-voltage power supply and an AC relay", + "A 50-ohm non-inductive resistor mounted on a heat sink", "A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay", - "A 50-ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line" - ] + "A 50-ohm inductive reactance mounted in a shielded enclosure" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7C04", @@ -3429,7 +3985,9 @@ "Zero", "1:1", "Full Scale" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7C05", @@ -3437,11 +3995,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Why do most solid-state transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level?", "answers": [ - "To protect the output amplifier transistors", + "To protect the RF output amplifier transistors", "To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity", "Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR", "To lower the SWR on the transmission line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7C06", @@ -3453,7 +4013,9 @@ "Good impedance match", "Gain of +4 dB", "Impedance mismatch" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7C07", @@ -3465,7 +4027,9 @@ "It is radiated as harmonics", "It is converted into heat", "It distorts the signal" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7C08", @@ -3477,7 +4041,9 @@ "Ohmmeter", "Iambic pentameter", "Directional wattmeter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7C09", @@ -3489,7 +4055,9 @@ "Solder flux contamination", "Rapid fluctuation in transmitter output power", "Operation at 100% duty cycle for an extended period" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7C10", @@ -3497,23 +4065,27 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light?", "answers": [ - "Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiation", + "Ultraviolet light can increase the resistance of the conductors", "Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable’s jacket", "Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference", "Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T7C11", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types?", + "question": "What is an advantage of foam-dielectric versus solid-dielectric coaxial cable?", "answers": [ - "It has more loss per foot", - "It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennas", - "It requires special techniques to prevent moisture in the cable", - "It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures" - ] + "It is more resistant to moisture contamination", + "It has higher voltage breakdown", + "It has less loss per foot", + "It has a better impedance match to 50 ohms" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7D01", @@ -3523,9 +4095,11 @@ "answers": [ "An ammeter", "A voltmeter", - "A wavemeter", + "A potentiometer", "An ohmmeter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7D02", @@ -3537,7 +4111,9 @@ "In parallel", "In quadrature", "In phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T7D03", @@ -3549,7 +4125,9 @@ "In parallel", "In quadrature", "In phase" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7D04", @@ -3561,7 +4139,23 @@ "An electrometer", "A voltmeter", "An ammeter" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" + }, + { + "id": "T7D05", + "correct": 0, + "refs": "", + "question": "How does an ohmmeter measure the resistance of a circuit or component?", + "answers": [ + "By applying a small current and measuring the resulting voltage", + "By placing a variable resistor in parallel with the circuit", + "By placing a variable resistor in series with the circuit", + "By applying a variable voltage and measuring the resulting current change" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7D06", @@ -3573,7 +4167,9 @@ "Failing to connect one of the probes to ground", "Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting", "Not allowing it to warm up properly" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7D07", @@ -3585,7 +4181,9 @@ "Impedance and reactance", "Voltage and resistance", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7D08", @@ -3597,7 +4195,9 @@ "Lead-tin solder", "Rosin-core solder", "Tin-copper solder" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7D09", @@ -3608,8 +4208,10 @@ "Dark black spots", "A bright or shiny surface", "A rough or lumpy surface", - "Excessive solder" - ] + "A greenish tinge" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T7D10", @@ -3621,7 +4223,9 @@ "Decreasing resistance with time", "Steady full-scale reading", "Alternating between open and short circuit" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T7D11", @@ -3633,7 +4237,9 @@ "Ensure that the circuit is not powered", "Ensure that the circuit is grounded", "Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8A01", @@ -3645,7 +4251,9 @@ "Packet radio", "Single sideband", "Phase shift keying (PSK)" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8A02", @@ -3657,7 +4265,9 @@ "SSB", "AM", "PSK" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8A03", @@ -3669,7 +4279,9 @@ "DRM", "SSB", "PM" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8A04", @@ -3681,43 +4293,51 @@ "SSB", "PSK", "FM or PM" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8A05", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of signal has the narrowest bandwidth?", + "question": "Which of the following signal types has the narrowest bandwidth?", "answers": [ "FM voice", "SSB voice", "CW", "Slow-scan TV" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8A06", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?", + "question": "Which sideband is normally used for 10-meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?", "answers": [ "Upper sideband", "Lower sideband", "Suppressed sideband", "Inverted sideband" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8A07", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?", + "question": "What is one characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?", "answers": [ "SSB signals are easier to tune in correctly", "SSB signals are less susceptible to interference", "SSB signals have narrower bandwidth", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "SSB signals are less susceptible to high SWR" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8A08", @@ -3729,19 +4349,23 @@ "3 kHz", "6 kHz", "15 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8A09", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM voice signal?", + "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth of an FM voice signal on VHF repeaters?", "answers": [ "Less than 500 Hz", "About 150 kHz", "Between 10 and 15 kHz", "Between 50 and 125 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8A10", @@ -3753,7 +4377,9 @@ "About 6 MHz", "About 3 MHz", "About 1 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8A11", @@ -3765,7 +4391,9 @@ "150 Hz", "1000 Hz", "15 kHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8A12", @@ -3776,8 +4404,10 @@ "Voice quality is poorer", "Only one signal can be received at a time", "FM signals are harder to tune", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "FM signals are more susceptible to high SWR" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8B01", @@ -3789,7 +4419,9 @@ "Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second", "Health and status of the satellite", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8B02", @@ -3801,7 +4433,9 @@ "Blocking access by other users", "Overloading the satellite batteries", "Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8B03", @@ -3813,7 +4447,9 @@ "The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass", "The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8B04", @@ -3825,7 +4461,9 @@ "FM", "CW/data", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8B05", @@ -3837,7 +4475,9 @@ "An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna", "A reflective surface on the satellite", "A transmission from a satellite that contains status information" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8B06", @@ -3849,7 +4489,9 @@ "The Keplerian elements", "The last observed time of zero Doppler shift", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8B07", @@ -3861,19 +4503,23 @@ "A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another", "An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and Earth station", "A special digital communications mode for some satellites" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8B08", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in U/V mode?", + "question": "What does it mean if a satellite is operating in U/V mode?", "answers": [ - "The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band", - "The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band", + "The satellite uplink is in the 15-meter band and the downlink is in the 10-meter band", + "The satellite uplink is in the 70-centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2-meter band", "The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies", "The satellite frequencies are usually variable" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8B09", @@ -3885,43 +4531,51 @@ "Rotation of the satellite and its antennas", "Doppler shift of the received signal", "Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8B10", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a LEO satellite?", + "question": "What does the term LEO mean in reference to communication satellites?", "answers": [ - "A sun synchronous satellite", - "A highly elliptical orbit satellite", - "A satellite in low energy operation mode", - "A satellite in low earth orbit" - ] + "Low Energy Orbit, which conserves battery power", + "Low Elevation Orbit, which appears close to the horizon from the earth station", + "Low Equilibrium Orbit, which has a slightly unstable period", + "Low Earth Orbit, which has a period of around 100 minutes" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8B11", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "Who may receive telemetry from a space station?", + "question": "Who is permitted to receive telemetry from an amateur radio satellite?", "answers": [ "Anyone", - "A licensed radio amateur with a transmitter equipped for interrogating the satellite", - "A licensed radio amateur who has been certified by the protocol developer", - "A licensed radio amateur who has registered for an access code from AMSAT" - ] + "Only the satellite control operator", + "Only the control operator or a licensed radio amateur who has received the encryption key from the control operator", + "Only a licensed radio amateur who has received the encryption key from AMSAT" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8B12", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power is neither too low nor too high?", + "question": "Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power into a linear transponder satellite is neither too low nor too high?", "answers": [ "Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data", "Listen for distortion on your downlink signal", "Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Compare your signal to others on the downlink using an internet SDR receiver" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8C01", @@ -3933,7 +4587,9 @@ "Doppler radar", "Radio direction finding", "Phase locking" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8C02", @@ -3943,9 +4599,11 @@ "answers": [ "Calibrated SWR meter", "A directional antenna", - "A calibrated noise bridge", + "A directional wattmeter", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8C03", @@ -3955,21 +4613,25 @@ "answers": [ "Simulated emergency exercises", "Net operations", - "Public service events", + "Hidden transmitter hunts", "Contesting" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8C04", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a contest?", + "question": "Which of the following is good practice when contacting another station in a contest?", "answers": [ - "Sign only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling", - "Contact the station twice to be sure that you are in his log", - "Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Signing only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling", + "Contacting the station twice to be sure that you are in his log", + "Sending only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange", + "Adding “Please copy” before your exchange" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8C05", @@ -3979,21 +4641,25 @@ "answers": [ "A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location", "A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation", - "An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier", + "An instrument for locating faults in power amplifiers", "An instrument for radio direction finding" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8C06", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "How is over the air access to IRLP nodes accomplished?", + "question": "How is over the air access to Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP) nodes accomplished?", "answers": [ "By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node", - "By using DTMF signals", + "By using Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signals", "By entering the proper internet password", - "By using CTCSS tone codes" - ] + "By using Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) tone codes" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8C07", @@ -4005,7 +4671,9 @@ "A technique employed to “spot” DX stations via the internet", "A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet", "A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8C08", @@ -4013,11 +4681,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?", "answers": [ - "A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)", + "A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet", "A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio", "A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations", "A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8C09", @@ -4029,7 +4699,9 @@ "D-STAR", "DMR", "EchoLink" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8C10", @@ -4040,8 +4712,10 @@ "Complete the required EchoLink training", "Purchase a license to use the EchoLink software", "Register your call sign and provide proof of license", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "At least a General Class license" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8C11", @@ -4053,7 +4727,9 @@ "A repeater", "A digipeater", "A beacon" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8D01", @@ -4065,19 +4741,23 @@ "IEEE 802.11", "FT8", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8D02", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a “talkgroup” on a DMR repeater?", + "question": "What is FT8?", "answers": [ - "A group of operators sharing common interests", - "A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without hearing other users on the channel", - "A protocol that increases the signal-to-noise ratio when multiple repeaters are linked together", - "A net that meets at a specified time" - ] + "A wideband FM voice mode", + "A digital mode capable of low signal-to-noise operation", + "An eight-channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters", + "A digital slow-scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8D03", @@ -4089,19 +4769,23 @@ "Text messages", "Weather data", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8D04", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What type of transmission is indicated by the term \"NTSC?\"", + "question": "What is meant by the term \"NTSC?\"", "answers": [ - "A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit", + "A digital transmission standard for encrypting data", "A special mode for satellite uplink", "An analog fast-scan color TV signal", "A frame compression scheme for TV signals" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8D05", @@ -4110,10 +4794,12 @@ "question": "Which of the following is an application of APRS?", "answers": [ "Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations", - "Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval", + "Automatically showing the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval", "Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters", "Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8D06", @@ -4123,9 +4809,11 @@ "answers": [ "Pulse Shift Keying", "Phase Shift Keying", - "Packet Short Keying", - "Phased Slide Keying" - ] + "Packet Sampled Keying", + "Power Sampled Keying" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T8D07", @@ -4137,7 +4825,9 @@ "An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters", "An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle", "A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T8D08", @@ -4145,11 +4835,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Which of the following is included in packet radio transmissions?", "answers": [ - "A check sum that permits error detection", + "A checksum that permits error detection", "A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent", "Automatic repeat request in case of error", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8D09", @@ -4158,10 +4850,12 @@ "question": "What is CW?", "answers": [ "A type of electromagnetic propagation", - "A digital mode used primarily on 2 meter FM", - "A technique for coil winding", + "A digital mode used primarily on 2-meter FM", + "Error correction for digital transmission using code words", "Another name for a Morse code transmission" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8D10", @@ -4173,19 +4867,23 @@ "Weak signal propagation beacons", "Meteor scatter", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T8D11", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is an ARQ transmission system?", + "question": "What is the role of ARQ in a transmission system?", "answers": [ "A special transmission format limited to video signals", "A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite", "An error correction method in which the receiving station detects errors and sends a request for retransmission", "A method of compressing data using autonomous reiterative Q codes prior to final encoding" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T8D12", @@ -4193,23 +4891,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network?", "answers": [ - "An amateur-radio based data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware", + "An amateur-radio data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware", "A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DMR protocols", - "A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware", - "An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is FT8?", - "answers": [ - "A wideband FM voice mode", - "A digital mode capable of low signal-to-noise operation", - "An eight channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters", - "A digital slow-scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation" - ] + "An amateur-radio satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware", + "An internet linking protocol allowing communication through repeaters around the world" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9A01", @@ -4217,11 +4905,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is a beam antenna?", "answers": [ - "An antenna built from aluminum I-beams", + "An antenna built from square aluminum beams", "An omnidirectional antenna invented by Clarence Beam", "An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction", - "An antenna that reverses the phase of received signals" - ] + "An antenna that focuses the signal into two intense rays" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9A02", @@ -4233,31 +4923,37 @@ "Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant", "Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible", "Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9A03", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to Earth's surface?", + "question": "How is the polarization of an antenna described?", "answers": [ - "A ground-wave antenna", - "A horizontally polarized antenna", - "A travelling-wave antenna", - "A vertically polarized antenna" - ] + "By the shape of the driven element", + "By the orientation of the electric field", + "By the orientation of the magnetic field", + "By the direction of radiation" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T9A04", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of the short, flexible antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers, compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna?", + "question": "What is a disadvantage of a handheld radio transceiver’s short flexible antenna compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna?", "answers": [ "It has low efficiency", "It transmits only circularly polarized signals", - "It is mechanically fragile", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "It is more susceptible to receiver desensitization", + "It only works on analog signals, not digital ones" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9A05", @@ -4269,55 +4965,65 @@ "Inserting coils in series with radiating wires", "Shortening it", "Adding capacitive loading to the ends of the radiating wires" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9A06", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of antenna offers the greatest gain?", + "question": "Which of the following types of antennas offers the greatest gain?", "answers": [ "5/8 wave vertical", "Isotropic", "J pole", "Yagi" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T9A07", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver with a flexible antenna inside a vehicle?", + "question": "What is a potential drawback of using a handheld VHF transceiver inside a vehicle that lacks an externally mounted antenna?", "answers": [ "Signal strength is reduced due to the shielding effect of the vehicle", "The bandwidth of the antenna will decrease, increasing SWR", "The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "The handheld will overheat due to reflected power in the vehicle" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9A08", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz?", + "question": "Why is a 19-inch-long vertical antenna often used on 2 meters?", "answers": [ - "112", - "50", - "19", - "12" - ] + "It has high gain", + "It is a resonant half-wave", + "It is a resonant quarter-wave", + "It has low RF radiation exposure" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9A09", - "correct": 2, + "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna?", + "question": "What is an advantage of a 5/8-wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service compared to a 1/4-wave antenna?", "answers": [ - "6", - "50", - "112", - "236" - ] + "It has more gain", + "It radiates at a higher angle", + "It has lower SWR", + "It has lower impedance" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9A10", @@ -4329,7 +5035,9 @@ "Off the ends of the antenna", "In the direction of the feed line", "Broadside to the antenna" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T9A11", @@ -4341,31 +5049,23 @@ "The additional power that is required in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency", "The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna", "The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of a 5/8 wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service?", - "answers": [ - "It has more gain than a 1/4-wavelength antenna", - "It radiates at a very high angle", - "It eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals", - "It has 10 times the power gain of a 1/4 wavelength whip" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9B01", - "correct": 1, + "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "What is a benefit of low SWR?", + "question": "Which of the following connectors should be carefully taped for weather protection when used outdoors?", "answers": [ - "Reduced television interference", - "Reduced signal loss", - "Less antenna wear", + "PL259", + "BNC", + "Type N", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T9B02", @@ -4377,7 +5077,9 @@ "50 ohms", "600 ohms", "12 ohms" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T9B03", @@ -4389,7 +5091,9 @@ "It has less loss than any other type of feed line", "It can handle more power than any other type of feed line", "It is less expensive than any other type of feed line" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9B04", @@ -4401,7 +5105,9 @@ "It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations", "It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive", "It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency band being used" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T9B05", @@ -4413,19 +5119,23 @@ "The loss decreases", "The characteristic impedance increases", "The loss increases" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T9B06", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following RF connector types is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz?", + "question": "Which of the following connector types is most suitable as an RF connector for frequencies above 400 MHz?", "answers": [ - "UHF (PL-259/SO-239)", + "PL-259", "Type N", "RS-213", "DB-25" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T9B07", @@ -4437,7 +5147,9 @@ "They are watertight", "They are commonly used at HF and VHF frequencies", "They are a bayonet-type connector" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9B08", @@ -4449,7 +5161,9 @@ "High SWR", "Multiple connectors in the line", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T9B09", @@ -4461,7 +5175,9 @@ "Loose connection in the antenna or feed line", "Over-modulation", "Overload from a strong local station" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T9B10", @@ -4473,19 +5189,23 @@ "RG-58 cable has two shields", "RG-213 cable has less loss at a given frequency", "RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9B11", "correct": 2, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF?", + "question": "Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss?", "answers": [ "50-ohm flexible coax", "Multi-conductor unbalanced cable", "Air-insulated hardline", "75-ohm flexible coax" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T9B12", @@ -4497,43 +5217,51 @@ "The ratio of amplifier power output to input", "The transmitter efficiency ratio", "An indication of the quality of your station’s ground connection" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T0A01", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery?", + "question": "Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery that lacks internal protection circuitry?", "answers": [ - "Touching both terminals with the hands can cause electrical shock", + "Touching both terminals with your hands can cause electrical shock", "Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion", "RF emissions from a nearby transmitter can cause the electrolyte to emit poison gas", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0A02", "correct": 3, "refs": "", - "question": "What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body?", + "question": "What health hazard is posed by electrical current flowing through the body?", "answers": [ - "It may cause injury by heating tissue", + "It may cause injury by heating body tissue", "It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells", "It may cause involuntary muscle contractions", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0A03", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V cable?", + "question": "In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V AC cable?", "answers": [ "Neutral", "Hot", "Equipment ground", - "Black insulation is never used" - ] + "Negative" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0A04", @@ -4542,10 +5270,12 @@ "question": "What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?", "answers": [ "To prevent power supply ripple from damaging a component", - "To remove power in case of overload", - "To limit current to prevent shocks", + "To remove power in case of an overload", + "To limit current and prevent shocks", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0A05", @@ -4556,8 +5286,10 @@ "The larger fuse would be likely to blow because it is rated for higher current", "The power supply ripple would greatly increase", "Excessive current could cause a fire", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "Voltage drop in the higher current fuse could result in excessively low voltage to the device" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0A06", @@ -4567,9 +5299,11 @@ "answers": [ "Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment", "Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground", - "Install mechanical interlocks in high-voltage circuits", + "Ensure all capacitors used for high-voltage DC are fully discharged before working inside equipment", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0A07", @@ -4579,9 +5313,11 @@ "answers": [ "At the output connector of a transceiver", "At the antenna feed point", - "At the ac power service panel", + "At the AC power service panel", "On a grounded panel near where feed lines enter the building" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0A08", @@ -4593,7 +5329,9 @@ "In series with the hot and neutral conductors", "In parallel with the hot conductor only", "In parallel with the hot and neutral conductors" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T0A09", @@ -4605,19 +5343,23 @@ "Keep them as far apart as possible", "Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap", "Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0A10", "correct": 0, "refs": "", - "question": "What hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly?", + "question": "What hazard exists when rapidly charging or discharging an unprotected battery?", "answers": [ "Overheating or out-gassing", "Excess output ripple", - "Half-wave rectification", - "Inverse memory effect" - ] + "Electric shock", + "Overvoltage" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T0A11", @@ -4629,7 +5371,9 @@ "Leakage flux in the power transformer", "Voltage transients from kickback diodes", "Charge stored in filter capacitors" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0A12", @@ -4638,10 +5382,12 @@ "question": "Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?", "answers": [ "Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance", - "Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measured", + "Ensure that the voltmeter and its leads are rated for use at the voltages being measured", "Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeter", "Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0B01", @@ -4653,7 +5399,9 @@ "Make sure all ground wire bends are right angles", "Ensure that connections are short and direct", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0B02", @@ -4665,7 +5413,9 @@ "Use appropriate tie-off to the tower at all times", "Always wear an approved climbing harness", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0B03", @@ -4677,7 +5427,9 @@ "When no mechanical work is being performed", "When the work being done is not more than 20 feet above the ground", "Never" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0B04", @@ -4689,7 +5441,9 @@ "Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes", "Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0B05", @@ -4701,7 +5455,9 @@ "Prevent loosening of the turnbuckle from vibration", "Provide a ground path for lightning strikes", "Provide an ability to measure for proper tensioning" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0B06", @@ -4712,8 +5468,10 @@ "Add the height of the antenna to the height of the power line and multiply by a factor of 1.5", "The height of the power line above ground", "1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency", - "Enough so that if the antenna falls, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires" - ] + "Enough so that if the antenna falls, no part of it can come within 10 feet of the power wires" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0B07", @@ -4725,7 +5483,9 @@ "This type of tower must never be grounded", "This type of tower must not be climbed unless it is retracted, or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0B08", @@ -4735,9 +5495,11 @@ "answers": [ "A single four-foot ground rod, driven into the ground no more than 12 inches from the base", "A ferrite-core RF choke connected between the tower and ground", - "A connection between the tower base and a cold water pipe", + "A connection between the tower base and a cold-water pipe", "Separate eight-foot ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0B09", @@ -4746,10 +5508,12 @@ "question": "Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole?", "answers": [ "The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages", - "The 60 Hz radiations from the feed line may increase the SWR", + "The antenna may unbalance the power transformer, causing power fluctuations", "The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0B10", @@ -4761,7 +5525,9 @@ "Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends", "Sharp bends must be avoided", "Common grounds must be avoided" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0B11", @@ -4773,7 +5539,9 @@ "Local electrical codes", "FAA tower lighting regulations", "UL recommended practices" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0C01", @@ -4785,19 +5553,23 @@ "Ionizing radiation", "Alpha radiation", "Non-ionizing radiation" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0C02", "correct": 1, "refs": "", - "question": "At which of the following frequencies does maximum permissible exposure have the lowest value?", + "question": "Which of the following bands has the lowest maximum permissible exposure for RF safety?", "answers": [ "3.5 MHz", "50 MHz", "440 MHz", "1296 MHz" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0C03", @@ -4809,7 +5581,9 @@ "It decreases by 50 percent", "It increases by a factor of 2", "There is no adjustment allowed for lower duty cycle" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0C04", @@ -4821,7 +5595,9 @@ "Distance from the antenna to a person", "Radiation pattern of the antenna", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0C05", @@ -4833,7 +5609,9 @@ "Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body", "Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature", "The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0C06", @@ -4845,7 +5623,9 @@ "By calculation based on computer modeling", "By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "D" }, { "id": "T0C07", @@ -4855,9 +5635,11 @@ "answers": [ "Electrocution", "RF burn to skin", - "Radiation poisoning", + "Exposure to ionizing radiation", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0C08", @@ -4869,7 +5651,9 @@ "Relocate the transmitter", "Increase the duty cycle", "All these choices are correct" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T0C09", @@ -4880,8 +5664,10 @@ "By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station", "By re-evaluating the station whenever an item in the transmitter or antenna system is changed", "By making sure your antennas have low SWR", - "All these choices are correct" - ] + "By using only Underwriter Laboratories approved transmitting equipment" + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" }, { "id": "T0C10", @@ -4893,7 +5679,9 @@ "It affects the peak exposure to radiation", "It takes into account the antenna feed line loss", "It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T0C11", @@ -4901,11 +5689,13 @@ "refs": "", "question": "What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?", "answers": [ - "The difference between the lowest power output and the highest power output of a transmitter", - "The difference between the PEP and average power output of a transmitter", + "The difference between the lowest and highest power output of a transmitter", + "The difference between the PEP and the average power output of a transmitter", "The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting", "The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "C" }, { "id": "T0C12", @@ -4917,7 +5707,9 @@ "RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter", "RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet", "RF radiation is perfectly safe" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "A" }, { "id": "T0C13", @@ -4929,6 +5721,8 @@ "The station licensee", "Anyone who is near an antenna", "The local zoning board" - ] + ], + "figure": "", + "correct_letter": "B" } -] +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mesh_bot.py b/mesh_bot.py index 271fbf0..a94086d 100755 --- a/mesh_bot.py +++ b/mesh_bot.py @@ -1041,15 +1041,17 @@ def handleHamtest(message, nodeID, deviceID): global hamtestTracker index = 0 msg = '' - response = message.split(' ') + response = message.strip().split() for i in range(len(hamtestTracker)): - if hamtestTracker[i]['nodeID'] == nodeID: + if hamtestTracker[i].get('nodeID') == nodeID: hamtestTracker[i]["last_played"] = time.time() - index = i+1 + if 'cmd' not in hamtestTracker[i]: + hamtestTracker[i]['cmd'] = 'playing' + index = i + 1 break if not index: - hamtestTracker.append({"nodeID": nodeID,"last_played": time.time()}) + hamtestTracker.append({"nodeID": nodeID, "cmd": "new", "last_played": time.time()}) if "end" in response[0].lower(): msg = hamtest.endGame(nodeID) @@ -2190,6 +2192,10 @@ def onReceive(packet, interface): else: # message is not for us to respond to + # but if the sender is already playing a game, continue it. + if games_enabled and checkPlayingGame(message_from_id, message_string, rxNode, channel_number): + return + # ignore the message but add it to the message history list if my_settings.zuluTime: timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") diff --git a/modules/games/hamtest.py b/modules/games/hamtest.py index ab542ba..b149544 100644 --- a/modules/games/hamtest.py +++ b/modules/games/hamtest.py @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class HamTest: self.game[id]['question'] = question['question'] self.game[id]['answers'] = question['answers'] - self.game[id]['correct'] = question['correct'] + self.game[id]['correct'] = self.get_correct_index(question) self.game[id]['qId'] = question['id'] self.game[id]['total'] -= 1 @@ -77,11 +77,38 @@ class HamTest: for i, answer in enumerate(self.game[id]['answers']): msg += f"{chr(65+i)}. {answer}\n" return msg - + + def get_correct_index(self, question): + if question.get('correct_letter'): + letter = str(question['correct_letter']).strip().upper() + if len(letter) == 1 and 'A' <= letter <= 'D': + return ord(letter) - 65 + if question.get('correct') is not None: + try: + return int(question['correct']) + except (ValueError, TypeError): + pass + return 0 + + def parse_answer(self, answer): + if not isinstance(answer, str): + return None + normalized = answer.strip().upper() + if normalized in ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']: + return ord(normalized) - 65 + if normalized.isdigit(): + idx = int(normalized) - 1 + if 0 <= idx < 4: + return idx + return None + def answer(self, id, answer): if id not in self.game: return "No game in progress" - if self.game[id]['correct'] == ord(answer.upper()) - 65: + answer_index = self.parse_answer(answer) + if answer_index is None: + return "Please answer with A, B, C, or D." + if self.game[id]['correct'] == answer_index: self.game[id]['score'] += 1 return f"Correct👍\n" + self.nextQuestion(id) else: diff --git a/modules/system.py b/modules/system.py index f723013..21939c4 100644 --- a/modules/system.py +++ b/modules/system.py @@ -1875,8 +1875,8 @@ def consumeMetadata(packet, rxNode=0, channel=-1): routing_data = packet['decoded']['routing'] # Meshtastic Python/client can surface this field as errorReason or error_reason. - error_reason = routing_data.get('errorReason', routing_data.get('error_reason', '')) - if error_reason: + error_reason = str(routing_data.get('errorReason', routing_data.get('error_reason', ''))).strip() + if error_reason and error_reason.upper() != 'NONE': requester_node = packet.get('from', nodeID) requester_id = packet.get('fromId', '') target_node = packet.get('to', 0)